Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tï̄n

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*tï̄n

1. spirit, breath

Declension

Declension of *tï̄n

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*tï̄n
Accusative	*tï̄nïg, *tï̄nnï1)
Genitive	*tï̄nnïŋ
Dative	*tï̄nka
Locative	*tï̄nta
Ablative	*tï̄ntan
Allative	*tï̄ngaru
Instrumental 2)	*tï̄nïn
Equative 2)	*tï̄nča
Similative 2)	*tï̄nlayu
Comitative 2)	*tï̄nlïgu

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: чӗм (čĕm)
• Common Turkic:

• Arghu:
  • ⇒ Khalaj: tînc
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • ⇒ Azerbaijani: dinc
    • Ottoman Turkish:
      • ⇒ Turkish: dinç, dinlenmek
      • ⇒ Gagauz: dinnenmää
  • ⇒ Turkmen: dȳnç
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: [script needed] (tın)
    • → Turkish: tin (1934, instead of ruh through language revolution)
    • Uyghur: تىن (tin)
    • Uzbek: tin
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: тын (tın), тыныш билдәһе (tınış bildəhe)
    • Tatar: тын (tın)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Kumyk: тыныш (tınış)
    • Karachay-Balkar: тын (tın)
      • ⇒ Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (tınçı-)
        • → Azerbaijani: tıncıxmaq
    • ⇒ Karaim: [script needed] (tınc)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Karakalpak: ti’n
      • Kazakh: тыныс (tynys)
      • Nogai: тыныс (tınıs)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: тын (tın)
      • Southern Altai: тын (tïn)
• Siberian:
  • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tın)
  • North Siberian:
    • Yakut: тыын (tıın)
    • Dolgan: тыын
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tuvan: тын (tın)
      • Tofa: тын
    • Yenisei Turkic:
      • Khakas: тын (tın)
      • Shor: тын

References

• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*dɨ̄n”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill