ruh

See also: Ruh, rüh, and ruħ

Azerbaijani

Other scripts

Cyrillic		руһ
Abjad

Etymology

From Old Anatolian Turkish رُوحْ (rūh), from Arabic رُوح (rūḥ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ruh/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

ruh (definite accusative ruhu, plural ruhlar)

1. spirit
2. mind

   Sağlam bədəndə sağlam ruh olar.

   A healthy mind in a healthy body.

3. ghost

Declension

Declension of ruh
	singular	plural
nominative	ruh	ruhlar
definite accusative	ruhu	ruhları
dative	ruha	ruhlara
locative	ruhda	ruhlarda
ablative	ruhdan	ruhlardan
definite genitive	ruhun	ruhların

Possessive forms of ruh
	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	ruhum	ruhlarım
sənin (“your”)	ruhun	ruhların
onun (“his/her/its”)	ruhu	ruhları
bizim (“our”)	ruhumuz	ruhlarımız
sizin (“your”)	ruhunuz	ruhlarınız
onların (“their”)	ruhu or ruhları	ruhları
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	ruhumu	ruhlarımı
sənin (“your”)	ruhunu	ruhlarını
onun (“his/her/its”)	ruhunu	ruhlarını
bizim (“our”)	ruhumuzu	ruhlarımızı
sizin (“your”)	ruhunuzu	ruhlarınızı
onların (“their”)	ruhunu or ruhlarını	ruhlarını
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	ruhuma	ruhlarıma
sənin (“your”)	ruhuna	ruhlarına
onun (“his/her/its”)	ruhuna	ruhlarına
bizim (“our”)	ruhumuza	ruhlarımıza
sizin (“your”)	ruhunuza	ruhlarınıza
onların (“their”)	ruhuna or ruhlarına	ruhlarına
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	ruhumda	ruhlarımda
sənin (“your”)	ruhunda	ruhlarında
onun (“his/her/its”)	ruhunda	ruhlarında
bizim (“our”)	ruhumuzda	ruhlarımızda
sizin (“your”)	ruhunuzda	ruhlarınızda
onların (“their”)	ruhunda or ruhlarında	ruhlarında
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	ruhumdan	ruhlarımdan
sənin (“your”)	ruhundan	ruhlarından
onun (“his/her/its”)	ruhundan	ruhlarından
bizim (“our”)	ruhumuzdan	ruhlarımızdan
sizin (“your”)	ruhunuzdan	ruhlarınızdan
onların (“their”)	ruhundan or ruhlarından	ruhlarından
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	ruhumun	ruhlarımın
sənin (“your”)	ruhunun	ruhlarının
onun (“his/her/its”)	ruhunun	ruhlarının
bizim (“our”)	ruhumuzun	ruhlarımızın
sizin (“your”)	ruhunuzun	ruhlarınızın
onların (“their”)	ruhunun or ruhlarının	ruhlarının

Derived terms

• ruhi
• ruhlanmaq
  • ruhlandırmaq

Related terms

• əhli-ruh

Crimean Tatar

Etymology

From Arabic رُوح (rūḥ).

Noun

ruh

1. soul
2. (chess) rook

   Synonyms: tura, qale

Declension

Declension of ruh

	singular	plural
nominative	ruh	ruhlar
genitive	ruhnıñ	ruhlarnıñ
dative	ruhqa	ruhlarğa
accusative	ruhnı	ruhlarnı
locative	ruhta	ruhlarda
ablative	ruhtan	ruhlardan

Derived terms

• ruhlandırmaq
• ruhlandıruv
• ruhlanmaq
• ruhlanuv

 

References

• “ruh”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)

Gagauz

Etymology

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish رُوحْ (rūh), from Arabic رُوح (rūḥ). Compare Turkish ruh, Azerbaijani ruh. Unrelated to duh (spirit), which is a borrowing from Russian.

Etymology

• IPA^(key): /ruh/

Noun

ruh (definite accusative ruhu, plural ruhlar)

1. spirit (spiritual material)

   Synonym: duh

2. soul (an individual spirit)
3. mind
4. (philosophy, religion) geist, spirit, soul, ghost (spiritual source)

   Ayoz Ruh

   the Holy Spirit

Declension

declension of ruh

	singular (tekil)	plural (çoğul)
nominative (yalın)	ruh	ruhlar
definite accusative (belirtme)	ruhu	ruhları
dative (yönelme)	ruha	ruhlara
locative (bulunma)	ruhta	ruhlarda
ablative (çıkma)	ruhtan	ruhlardan
genitive (tamlayan)	ruhun	ruhların

Derived terms

• ruhlu
• ruhsuz

 

Further reading

• Kopuşçu M. İ. , Todorova S. A. , Kiräkova T.İ., editors (2019), Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 5-12, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 135
• Mavrodi M. F., editor (2019), Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 1-4, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 66

Indonesian

Etymology

From Arabic رُوح (rūḥ, “soul”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈrʊh]
• Hyphenation: roh

Noun

ruh

1. (nonstandard) Alternative spelling of roh (“spirit, soul, life”)

Mizo

Etymology

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ruʔ, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rus.

Noun

ruh

1. bone

Adjective

ruh

1. hard
2. boney

References

• Matisoff, James A., Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman, University of California Press.

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *rūhwaz. Cognate with Middle Low German rūch, Middle Dutch ruuch, ru, rou (Dutch ruig, ruw, rouw), Old High German rūh (German rau).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ruːx/

Adjective

rūh

1. rough, hairy
   • Min broðer ys ruh and ic eom smeðe ― my brother is hairy and I am smooth. (Genesis)

Declension

with stem rūg-:

Declension of rūh — Strong

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	rūh	rūh	rūh
Accusative	rūgne	rūge	rūh
Genitive	rūges	rūgre	rūges
Dative	rūgum	rūgre	rūgum
Instrumental	rūge	rūgre	rūge
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	rūge	rūga, rūge	rūh
Accusative	rūge	rūga, rūge	rūh
Genitive	rūgra	rūgra	rūgra
Dative	rūgum	rūgum	rūgum
Instrumental	rūgum	rūgum	rūgum

Declension of rūh — Weak

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	rūga	rūge	rūge
Accusative	rūgan	rūgan	rūge
Genitive	rūgan	rūgan	rūgan
Dative	rūgan	rūgan	rūgan
Instrumental	rūgan	rūgan	rūgan
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	rūgan	rūgan	rūgan
Accusative	rūgan	rūgan	rūgan
Genitive	rūgra, rūgena	rūgra, rūgena	rūgra, rūgena
Dative	rūgum	rūgum	rūgum
Instrumental	rūgum	rūgum	rūgum

with stem rūw-:

Declension of rūh — Strong

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	rūh	rūh	rūh
Accusative	rūwne	rūwe	rūh
Genitive	rūwes	rūwre	rūwes
Dative	rūwum	rūwre	rūwum
Instrumental	rūwe	rūwre	rūwe
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	rūwe	rūwa, rūwe	rūh
Accusative	rūwe	rūwa, rūwe	rūh
Genitive	rūwra	rūwra	rūwra
Dative	rūwum	rūwum	rūwum
Instrumental	rūwum	rūwum	rūwum

Declension of rūh — Weak

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	rūwa	rūwe	rūwe
Accusative	rūwan	rūwan	rūwe
Genitive	rūwan	rūwan	rūwan
Dative	rūwan	rūwan	rūwan
Instrumental	rūwan	rūwan	rūwan
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	rūwan	rūwan	rūwan
Accusative	rūwan	rūwan	rūwan
Genitive	rūwra, rūwena	rūwra, rūwena	rūwra, rūwena
Dative	rūwum	rūwum	rūwum
Instrumental	rūwum	rūwum	rūwum

Descendants

• Middle English: roughe, rugh
  • English: rough
  • Scots: roch
  • Yola: rugh

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *rūhwaz, whence also Old English rūh.

Adjective

rūh

1. rough

Descendants

• Middle High German: rūch
  • German: rau(h)
  • Yiddish: רוי (roy)

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish روح (ruh), from Arabic رُوح (rūḥ, “soul”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɾuh/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

ruh (definite accusative ruhu, plural ruhlar or (dated) ervah)

1. soul, spirit

   Synonym: tin

Declension

Inflection
Nominative	ruh
Definite accusative	ruhu
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ruh	ruhlar
Definite accusative	ruhu	ruhları
Dative	ruha	ruhlara
Locative	ruhta	ruhlarda
Ablative	ruhtan	ruhlardan
Genitive	ruhun	ruhların

Derived terms

• hâletiruhiye

Uzbek

Other scripts
Yangi Imlo
Cyrillic	руҳ‍
Latin	ruh‍
Perso-Arabic (Afghanistan)

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic رُوح (rūḥ, “soul”).

Noun

ruh (plural ruhlar)

1. ghost, soul, spirit

Declension

Declension of ruh

	singular	plural
nominative	ruh	ruhlar
genitive	ruhning	ruhlarning
dative	ruhga	ruhlarga
definite accusative	ruhni	ruhlarni
locative	ruhda	ruhlarda
ablative	ruhdan	ruhlardan
similative	ruhdek	ruhlardek

Possessive forms of ruh

my	singular	plural
nominative	ruhim	ruhlarim
genitive	ruhimning	ruhlarimning
dative	ruhimga	ruhlarimga
definite accusative	ruhimni	ruhlarimni
locative	ruhimda	ruhlarimda
ablative	ruhimdan	ruhlarimdan
similative	ruhimdek	ruhlarimdek
your	singular	plural
nominative	ruhing	ruhlaring
genitive	ruhingning	ruhlaringning
dative	ruhingga	ruhlaringga
definite accusative	ruhingni	ruhlaringni
locative	ruhingda	ruhlaringda
ablative	ruhingdan	ruhlaringdan
similative	ruhingdek	ruhlaringdek
her/his/its	singular	plural
nominative	ruhi	ruhlari
genitive	ruhining	ruhlarining
dative	ruhiga	ruhlariga
definite accusative	ruhini	ruhlarini
locative	ruhida	ruhlarida
ablative	ruhidan	ruhlaridan
similative	ruhidek	ruhlaridek
our	singular	plural
nominative	ruhimiz	ruhlarimiz
genitive	ruhimizning	ruhlarimizning
dative	ruhimizga	ruhlarimizga
definite accusative	ruhimizni	ruhlarimizni
locative	ruhimizda	ruhlarimizda
ablative	ruhimizdan	ruhlarimizdan
similative	ruhimizdek	ruhlarimizdek
your	singular	plural
nominative	ruhingiz	ruhlaringiz
genitive	ruhingizning	ruhlaringizning
dative	ruhingizga	ruhlaringizga
definite accusative	ruhingizni	ruhlaringizni
locative	ruhingizda	ruhlaringizda
ablative	ruhingizdan	ruhlaringizdan
similative	ruhingizdek	ruhlaringizdek
their	singular	plural
nominative	ruhi	ruhlari
genitive	ruhining	ruhlarining
dative	ruhiga	ruhlariga
definite accusative	ruhini	ruhlarini
locative	ruhida	ruhlarida
ablative	ruhidan	ruhlaridan	similative	ruhidek	ruhlaridek

Zazaki

Alternative forms

• roh

Etymology

From Arabic رُوح (rūḥ, “soul”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɾuː/
• Hyphenation: ruh

Noun

ruh

1. soul, spirit