Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tïgïŕ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *tïg- (“to blunt”) +‎ *-ïŕ. Oghuz and Kipchak point the stem Proto-Turkic *tïk- (“to stuff”), whence *tïkïz. *tïgïz would be *tïgïz in Oghuz and *tïwïz in Kipchak.

Adjective

*tïgïŕ

1. firm, tough
2. narrow, compact, dense

Derived terms

• *tïgra-
  • *tïgraš-
  • *tïgrak

Descendants

• Oghur: *tïgïr
  • Chuvash: тӑвӑр (tăvăr)
• Common Turkic: *tïgïz, *tïkïz

• Oghuz: *tïkïz
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Ottoman Turkish: طیقیز (tıkız)
      • Turkish: tıkız
      • → Armenian: թըխըզ (tʻəxəz)
  • Turkmen: dykyz
• Karluk:
  • Uzbek: tig'iz
• Kipchak: *tïkïz
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: тығыҙ (tığıź)
    • Tatar: тыгыз (tığız)
    • → Chuvash: тӑкӑс (tăk̬ăs)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Kumyk: тыгъыс (tığıs)
    • ⇒ Karachay-Balkar: тыгъырыкъ (tığırıq)
    • Crimean Tatar: tığız
  • East Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: тыгыз (tıgız)
    • Southern Altai: туус (tuus)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Karakalpak: тығыз
    • Kazakh: тығыз (tyğyz)
    • Nogai: тыгыз (tıgız)
• Siberian:
  • North Siberian:
    • Yakut: тыйыс (tıyıs)

• ⇒ Proto-Turkic: *tïgrak
  • Siberian:
    • Old Turkic: [script needed] (tïğraq)
      • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tïğraq)
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: تِغْراقْ (tïğrāq)
  • → Proto-Mongolic: *čixirag

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 471
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 477
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*Tɨgra- / *Tɨgɨŕ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill