Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/xātun

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

• *qātun (later)

Etymology

Borrowed from Northeastern Iranian, via Sogdic or perhaps Sakan, ultimately from Proto-Iranian *hwatā́wniH, the feminine form of *hwatā́wā (“lord, king”).

A minority view by Doerfer holds that the word is of Para-Mongolic origin, evidenced by Xianbei [Term?], and analyzed by him as cognate with *kagan (“khan”) and hypothetical feminine suffix *-tun found in Xianbei [Term?] (/⁠(a)matun⁠/, “mother”).

Noun

*xātun

1. queen, lady

Declension

Declension of *xātun

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*xātun
Accusative	*xātunug, *xātunnï1)
Genitive	*xātunnuŋ
Dative	*xātunka
Locative	*xātunta
Ablative	*xātuntan
Allative	*xātungaru
Instrumental 2)	*xātunun
Equative 2)	*xātunča
Similative 2)	*xātunlayu
Comitative 2)	*xātunlugu

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

It is generally difficult to ascertain which forms are inherited and which are reborrowed from neighboring languages.

• Karakhanid: قاتُونْ (qātūn)
• Karluk:
  • Chagatai: خاتون (ḥatun)
    • Ili Turki:
    • Taranchi: xotun
    • Uzbek: xotin
    • Uyghur: خوتۇن (xotun)
    • Lopnor: [script needed] (xatun, “woman, wife”)
• Kipchak
  • Kipchak: [script needed] (qātūn)
  • Central Kipchak:
    • Karakalpak: қатын
    • Kazakh: қатын (qatyn)
    • Nogai: хатын (xatın)
    • Siberian Tatar: қатын (qatïn)
  • East Kipchak:
    • Southern Altai: кадыт (kadït)
    • Kyrgyz: катын (katın, “woman, wife; elderly woman”)
    • Teleut: кадын (kadïn), каат (kaat)
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: ҡатын (qatın)
    • Tatar: хатын (xatın)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: katın, hatın
    • Karachay-Balkar: къатын (qatın)
    • Karaim: катын
    • Kumyk: къатын (qatın), къатын-киши (qatın-kişi)
    • Urum: катын
• Oghuz:
  • Azerbaijani: qadın
  • Ottoman Turkish: قادین (qadin)
  • Gagauz: kadın, kadı́na (obsolete)
    • Turkish: kadın
    • → Crimean Tatar: kadın
    • → Romanian: cadână
  • Salar: gadın, gadınkiş , xatunkiši (“woman”), xotun (“woman, wife”) (perhaps from Uyghur)
  • Turkmen: hātyn (obsolete)
• Siberian:
  • Southern Siberian
    • Old Turkic: 𐰴𐱃𐰆𐰣 (qatun)
      • Old Uyghur: [Term?] (/⁠xatūn⁠/)
    • Northern Altai:
      • Northern Altai:

        кат (kat), каат (kaat) (kumandy)

        кадыт (kadït) (chelkan)

    • Sayan:
      • Tuvan: када (kada), кадай (kaday, “old woman”) (highly dubious)

        кадын (kadın, “queen”) (likely from Mongolic)

        каътташ (kàttaş, “woman”) (obsolete)

      • (?) Soyot:қадай (“woman”)
    • Yenisei:
      • Shor: қаат
      • Khakas: хадын (xadın), (?) хадай (xaday)
      • Western Yugur: ɢadən (“queen, wife of an important official person”)
  • North Siberian:
    • Dolgan: [script needed] (katun), [script needed] (kotun)
    • Yakut: хатын (qatın), хотун (qotun, “lady, mistress, wife”) (perhaps from Mongolic)
• Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (xatun)
• Old Turkic: 𐰴𐱃𐰆𐰣 (qt¹un¹ /⁠qatun⁠/)
• → Old Armenian: խաթուն (xatʻun)
• → Manchu: ᡴᠠᡨᡠᠨ (katun, “princess, empress, queen”)
• → Proto-Mongolic: *katun (if not inherited from Pre-Mongolic)

  Kalmyk: хатн (xatn, “wife, noblewoman, queen”)

  Khalkha: хатан (xatan)

  Ordos: [script needed] (ġatun, “lady, prince's wife”)

• → Manichaean Middle Persian: 𐫑𐫀𐫎𐫇𐫗 (xʾṯwn /⁠xātūn, qātūn⁠/, “Lady, an Uighur female title”)
  • Persian: خاتون (xâtun) (possibly, if not from Sogdian directly) (see there for further descendants)
• → Tibetan: [script needed] (k'at'un, “princess”)