قرن

See also: فرن

Arabic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *ḳarn- (“horn”). The root is associated with the sense of “being doubled, opposed, or equal”, and the meaning “century” can be derived from this through “equal in age, people of the same age”. Otherwise, it could have been borrowed from Ancient Greek χρόνος (khrónos, “time”, also “lifespan”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /qarn/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

قَرْن • (qarn) m (plural قُرُون (qurūn))

1. horn
2. century

Declension

Declension of noun قَرْن (qarn)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قَرْن qarn	الْقَرْن al-qarn	قَرْن qarn
Nominative	قَرْنٌ qarnun	الْقَرْنُ al-qarnu	قَرْنُ qarnu
Accusative	قَرْنًا qarnan	الْقَرْنَ al-qarna	قَرْنَ qarna
Genitive	قَرْنٍ qarnin	الْقَرْنِ al-qarni	قَرْنِ qarni
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قَرْنَيْن qarnayn	الْقَرْنَيْن al-qarnayn	قَرْنَيْ qarnay
Nominative	قَرْنَانِ qarnāni	الْقَرْنَانِ al-qarnāni	قَرْنَا qarnā
Accusative	قَرْنَيْنِ qarnayni	الْقَرْنَيْنِ al-qarnayni	قَرْنَيْ qarnay
Genitive	قَرْنَيْنِ qarnayni	الْقَرْنَيْنِ al-qarnayni	قَرْنَيْ qarnay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قُرُون qurūn	الْقُرُون al-qurūn	قُرُون qurūn
Nominative	قُرُونٌ qurūnun	الْقُرُونُ al-qurūnu	قُرُونُ qurūnu
Accusative	قُرُونًا qurūnan	الْقُرُونَ al-qurūna	قُرُونَ qurūna
Genitive	قُرُونٍ qurūnin	الْقُرُونِ al-qurūni	قُرُونِ qurūni

Descendants

• Egyptian Arabic: قرن (ʔarn)
• Gulf Arabic: قرن (qarn)
• Hijazi Arabic: قَرْن (garn)
• Maltese: qarn
• → Fula: qarnu
• → Hausa: ƙarni
• → Indonesian: kurun
• → Malay: kurun
• → Persian: قرن (qarn)
• → Swahili: karne
• → Ottoman Turkish: قرن (karn)

Etymology 2

Root
ق ر ن (q r n)
9 terms

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /qa.ra.na/

Verb

قَرَنَ • (qarana) I (non-past يَقْرِنُ (yaqrinu) or يَقْرُنُ (yaqrunu), verbal noun قَرْن (qarn))

1. to join, to couple, to yoke (something to something else)
2. to identify (something with something else)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of قَرَنَ (I, sound, a ~ i/u, full passive, verbal noun قَرْن)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						قَرْن qarn
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						قَارِن qārin
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَقْرُون maqrūn
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	قَرَنْتُ qarantu	قَرَنْتَ qaranta	قَرَنَ qarana		قَرَنْتُمَا qarantumā	قَرَنَا qaranā		قَرَنَّا qarannā	قَرَنْتُمْ qarantum	قَرَنُوا qaranū
	f		قَرَنْتِ qaranti	قَرَنَتْ qaranat			قَرَنَتَا qaranatā			قَرَنْتُنَّ qarantunna	قَرَنَّ qaranna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَقْرِنُ, أَقْرُنُ ʔaqrinu, ʔaqrunu	تَقْرِنُ, تَقْرُنُ taqrinu, taqrunu	يَقْرِنُ, يَقْرُنُ yaqrinu, yaqrunu		تَقْرِنَانِ, تَقْرُنَانِ taqrināni, taqrunāni	يَقْرِنَانِ, يَقْرُنَانِ yaqrināni, yaqrunāni		نَقْرِنُ, نَقْرُنُ naqrinu, naqrunu	تَقْرِنُونَ, تَقْرُنُونَ taqrinūna, taqrunūna	يَقْرِنُونَ, يَقْرُنُونَ yaqrinūna, yaqrunūna
	f		تَقْرِنِينَ, تَقْرُنِينَ taqrinīna, taqrunīna	تَقْرِنُ, تَقْرُنُ taqrinu, taqrunu			تَقْرِنَانِ, تَقْرُنَانِ taqrināni, taqrunāni			تَقْرِنَّ, تَقْرُنَّ taqrinna, taqrunna	يَقْرِنَّ, يَقْرُنَّ yaqrinna, yaqrunna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَقْرِنَ, أَقْرُنَ ʔaqrina, ʔaqruna	تَقْرِنَ, تَقْرُنَ taqrina, taqruna	يَقْرِنَ, يَقْرُنَ yaqrina, yaqruna		تَقْرِنَا, تَقْرُنَا taqrinā, taqrunā	يَقْرِنَا, يَقْرُنَا yaqrinā, yaqrunā		نَقْرِنَ, نَقْرُنَ naqrina, naqruna	تَقْرِنُوا, تَقْرُنُوا taqrinū, taqrunū	يَقْرِنُوا, يَقْرُنُوا yaqrinū, yaqrunū
	f		تَقْرِنِي, تَقْرُنِي taqrinī, taqrunī	تَقْرِنَ, تَقْرُنَ taqrina, taqruna			تَقْرِنَا, تَقْرُنَا taqrinā, taqrunā			تَقْرِنَّ, تَقْرُنَّ taqrinna, taqrunna	يَقْرِنَّ, يَقْرُنَّ yaqrinna, yaqrunna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَقْرِنْ, أَقْرُنْ ʔaqrin, ʔaqrun	تَقْرِنْ, تَقْرُنْ taqrin, taqrun	يَقْرِنْ, يَقْرُنْ yaqrin, yaqrun		تَقْرِنَا, تَقْرُنَا taqrinā, taqrunā	يَقْرِنَا, يَقْرُنَا yaqrinā, yaqrunā		نَقْرِنْ, نَقْرُنْ naqrin, naqrun	تَقْرِنُوا, تَقْرُنُوا taqrinū, taqrunū	يَقْرِنُوا, يَقْرُنُوا yaqrinū, yaqrunū
	f		تَقْرِنِي, تَقْرُنِي taqrinī, taqrunī	تَقْرِنْ, تَقْرُنْ taqrin, taqrun			تَقْرِنَا, تَقْرُنَا taqrinā, taqrunā			تَقْرِنَّ, تَقْرُنَّ taqrinna, taqrunna	يَقْرِنَّ, يَقْرُنَّ yaqrinna, yaqrunna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِقْرِنْ, اُقْرُنْ iqrin, uqrun			اِقْرِنَا, اُقْرُنَا iqrinā, uqrunā				اِقْرِنُوا, اُقْرُنُوا iqrinū, uqrunū
	f		اِقْرِنِي, اُقْرُنِي iqrinī, uqrunī							اِقْرِنَّ, اُقْرُنَّ iqrinna, uqrunna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	قُرِنْتُ qurintu	قُرِنْتَ qurinta	قُرِنَ qurina		قُرِنْتُمَا qurintumā	قُرِنَا qurinā		قُرِنَّا qurinnā	قُرِنْتُمْ qurintum	قُرِنُوا qurinū
	f		قُرِنْتِ qurinti	قُرِنَتْ qurinat			قُرِنَتَا qurinatā			قُرِنْتُنَّ qurintunna	قُرِنَّ qurinna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُقْرَنُ ʔuqranu	تُقْرَنُ tuqranu	يُقْرَنُ yuqranu		تُقْرَنَانِ tuqranāni	يُقْرَنَانِ yuqranāni		نُقْرَنُ nuqranu	تُقْرَنُونَ tuqranūna	يُقْرَنُونَ yuqranūna
	f		تُقْرَنِينَ tuqranīna	تُقْرَنُ tuqranu			تُقْرَنَانِ tuqranāni			تُقْرَنَّ tuqranna	يُقْرَنَّ yuqranna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُقْرَنَ ʔuqrana	تُقْرَنَ tuqrana	يُقْرَنَ yuqrana		تُقْرَنَا tuqranā	يُقْرَنَا yuqranā		نُقْرَنَ nuqrana	تُقْرَنُوا tuqranū	يُقْرَنُوا yuqranū
	f		تُقْرَنِي tuqranī	تُقْرَنَ tuqrana			تُقْرَنَا tuqranā			تُقْرَنَّ tuqranna	يُقْرَنَّ yuqranna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُقْرَنْ ʔuqran	تُقْرَنْ tuqran	يُقْرَنْ yuqran		تُقْرَنَا tuqranā	يُقْرَنَا yuqranā		نُقْرَنْ nuqran	تُقْرَنُوا tuqranū	يُقْرَنُوا yuqranū
	f		تُقْرَنِي tuqranī	تُقْرَنْ tuqran			تُقْرَنَا tuqranā			تُقْرَنَّ tuqranna	يُقْرَنَّ yuqranna

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “قرن”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[1], London: W.H. Allen

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /qarn/

Noun

قَرْن • (qarn) m

1. verbal noun of قَرَنَ (qarana) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun قَرْن (qarn)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قَرْن qarn	الْقَرْن al-qarn	قَرْن qarn
Nominative	قَرْنٌ qarnun	الْقَرْنُ al-qarnu	قَرْنُ qarnu
Accusative	قَرْنًا qarnan	الْقَرْنَ al-qarna	قَرْنَ qarna
Genitive	قَرْنٍ qarnin	الْقَرْنِ al-qarni	قَرْنِ qarni

Hijazi Arabic

Root
ق ر ن
3 terms

Etymology

From Arabic قَرْن (qarn).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡarn/
  • IPA^(key): [qarn] ([q] pronunciation is used in the sense of "century")

Noun

قرن • (garn) m (plural قرون (gurūn))

1. horn
2. century

Old Anatolian Turkish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kạrïn.

Noun

قرن (qarın or qarn)

1. stomach, belly
   • 14th Century, anonymous author, Dresden Manuscript: Kitāb-ı Dedem Ḳorḳud Alā Lisān-ı Tāife-i Oġuzān:

     طوینجه تقه بصه یر الن بوکرنه اورور ایدر بو اوی خراب اولسی اره وارلدن بری دخی قرنم طویمدی، یوزم کولمدی آیاغم پاشمق یوزم یاشمق کورمدی دیر

     doyınca tıqa basa yer, älin bögrinä urur, äydür; bu evi ḫarāb olası ärä varaldan bärü daḫı qarnum doymadı, yüzüm gülmädi, ayaġum paşmaq, yüzüm yaşmaq görmädi der

     she eats until she is all full, [then] she beats her chest, [and] says; since I was betrothed to this man, whose house I hope collapses, my stomach hasn't been full, my feet haven't seen a shoe, my face hasn't seen a veil.

2. womb

Descendants

• Azerbaijani: qarın
• Gagauz: karnı
• Ottoman Turkish: قارن, قارین (karın)
  • Turkish: karın

Further reading

• “karın”, in XIII. Yüzyılından Beri Türkiye Türkçesiyle Yazılmış Kitaplarından Toplanan Tanıklarıyle Tarama Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu yayınları; 212)‎^[2] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1977
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “karın”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic قَرْن (qarn).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [qaɾn]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [qäɾn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [qäɾn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [qäɾn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [qäɾn]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [qæɹn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [qäɾn]

Readings
Classical reading?	qarn
Dari reading?	qarn
Iranian reading?	ğarn
Tajik reading?	qarn

Noun

قرن • (qarn) (plural قرن‌ها (qarn-hâ) or قرون (qorun))

1. century

   Synonym: سده (sade)