Appendix:Serbo-Croatian Swadesh list/Pučišća dialect

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This is a Swadesh list of words in the Pučišća dialect of Southern Chakavian Serbo-Croatian, compared with that of English.

Presentation

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For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.

American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.

List

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No. English Serbo-Croatian (Pučišća dialect)
pučiški
1 I jo
2 you (singular) ti
3 he, she, it uon
4 we mi
5 you (plural) vi
6 they òni
7 this ovi
8 that oti
9 here [Term?]
10 there [Term?]
11 who ko
12 what će
13 where di
14 when kada
15 how [Term?]
16 not ni
17 all [Term?]
18 many [Term?]
19 some niki
20 few malo
21 other ostoli
22 one jedon
23 two dvo
24 three tri
25 four četiri
26 five piec
27 big veli
28 long dugački
29 wide široki
30 thick gusti
31 heavy tieški
32 small moli
33 short krótki
34 narrow uski
35 thin tonki
36 woman [Term?]
37 man (adult male) čovik
38 man (human being) čovik
39 child dite
40 wife [Term?]
41 husband [Term?]
42 mother mater
43 father òtac
44 animal zvir
45 fish riba
46 bird tica
47 dog [Term?]
48 louse ušenok
49 snake guja
50 worm [Term?]
51 tree drivo
52 forest šumo
53 stick šćop
54 fruit voćje
55 seed sime, simienko
56 leaf list
57 root [Term?]
58 bark (of a tree) kóro
59 flower cvit
60 grass trôva
61 rope [Term?]
62 skin kožo
63 meat mieso
64 blood krv
65 bone kuost
66 fat (noun) most
67 egg joje
68 horn róg
69 tail rijep
70 feather pero
71 hair vlose
72 head glova
73 ear ùhò
74 eye òkò
75 nose nuos
76 mouth justa
77 tooth zub
78 tongue (organ) jãzik
79 fingernail nokot
80 foot [Term?]
81 leg noga
82 knee kòlino
83 hand ruka
84 wing krilo
85 belly [Term?]
86 guts [Term?]
87 neck vrot
88 back plećë
89 breast prsa
90 heart srce
91 liver đigerica
92 to drink pit
93 to eat jist
94 to bite grist
95 to suck ćućot
96 to spit pjucot
97 to vomit rigot
98 to blow [Term?]
99 to breathe [Term?]
100 to laugh [Term?]
101 to see vidit
102 to hear [Term?]
103 to know [Term?]
104 to think mislit
105 to smell ćutit
106 to fear bòjat se
107 to sleep spat
108 to live živit
109 to die ùmirot
110 to kill [Term?]
111 to fight [Term?]
112 to hunt [Term?]
113 to hit [Term?]
114 to cut [Term?]
115 to split rozdilivot, rozparicavot (?)
116 to stab [Term?]
117 to scratch [Term?]
118 to dig kòpat, rit
119 to swim plivot
120 to fly [Term?]
121 to walk jic
122 to come prihodit
123 to lie (as in a bed) leżat
124 to sit sidit
125 to stand [Term?]
126 to turn (intransitive) skrećot
127 to fall padat
128 to give dôvat
129 to hold držat
130 to squeeze stiskot
131 to rub [Term?]
132 to wash prat
133 to wipe [Term?]
134 to pull [Term?]
135 to push [Term?]
136 to throw [Term?]
137 to tie [Term?]
138 to sew šit
139 to count [Term?]
140 to say [Term?]
141 to sing pivot
142 to play igrat
143 to float plutot
144 to flow [Term?]
145 to freeze [Term?]
146 to swell [Term?]
147 sun suńce
148 moon msec
149 star zvizda
150 water vòda
151 rain dož
152 river rika
153 lake jezero
154 sea muore
155 salt suól
156 stone stinja
157 sand salbun
158 dust proh
159 earth zemia
160 cloud [Term?]
161 fog [Term?]
162 sky [Term?]
163 wind vitor
164 snow snig
165 ice [Term?]
166 smoke dim
167 fire ògonj
168 ash [Term?]
169 to burn palit
170 road draga
171 mountain góra
172 red crveni
173 green zeleni
174 yellow žuti
175 white bili
176 black crni
177 night noć
178 day doń
179 year [Term?]
180 warm tepli
181 cold studeni
182 full [Term?]
183 new novi
184 old stôri
185 good dobri
186 bad złi
187 rotten zgniti
188 dirty [Term?]
189 straight [Term?]
190 round òkrugli
191 sharp (as a knife) òstri
192 dull (as a knife) tupi
193 smooth glôdki, róvni
194 wet mòkri
195 dry suhi
196 correct [Term?]
197 near [Term?]
198 far daleki
199 right desni
200 left livi
201 at kol
202 in u
203 with sa
204 and i
205 if [Term?]
206 because [Term?]
207 name [Term?]
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
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