User:Sobreira/PIE-appendices-nouns

This is a semasiological index of Proto-Indo-European nominal stems. See Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European roots for an alphabetical list of roots.

Kinship

Root	Meaning	Derivatives
*mánus	person	Sanskrit: मनु (manu) Albanian: njeri Avestan: 𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬎𐬱𐬗𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀 (manušciθra) Old English: mann English: man German: man, Mann Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰 (manna) Old Norse: maðr Latin: mas Old Church Slavonic: мѫжь (mǫžĭ) Russian: муж (muž) Macedonian: мaж (maž) Lithuanian: žmogus Kamviri: [script needed] (mânša) Polish: mąż Czech: muž Slovak: muž Pashto: [script needed] (merrë)
*h₁nómn̥	name	Tocharian A: ñom Tocharian B: ñem Latin: nōmen French: nom Spanish: nombre Portuguese: nome Umbrian: nome Old English: nama English: name Old High German: namo German: Name Old Norse: nafn Gothic: 𐌽𐌰𐌼𐍉 (namō) Sanskrit: नामन् (nāman) Avestan: 𐬥𐬄𐬨𐬀𐬥 (nąman) Ancient Greek: ὄνομα (ónoma) Old Church Slavonic: имѧ (imę) Russian: имя (imja) Czech: jméno Slovak: meno Macedonian: имe (ime) Albanian: emër, êmën Old Irish: ainmm Irish: ainm Old Welsh: anu Welsh: enw Hittite: [script needed] (lāman) Kamviri: [script needed] (nom) Old Persian: [script needed] (nāma) Persian: [script needed] (nām) Old Armenian: անուն (anun) Polish: imię Old Prussian: emnes Pashto: [script needed] (num)
*wiHrós	man	Sanskrit: वीर (vīra) Avestan: 𐬬𐬍𐬭𐬀 (vīra) Latin: vir Umbrian: viru Lithuanian: vyras Latvian: vīrs Tocharian A: wir Old High German: wer German: Werwolf Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂 (wair) Old Norse: verr Old English: wer English: werewolf Old Prussian: wirs Old Irish: fer Irish: fear Welsh: gŵr Gaulish: uiro- Albanian: burrë Kurdish: miro
*gʷḗn	woman	Russian: жена́ (žená) Polish: żona Czech: žena Slovak: žena Avestan: 𐬔𐬆𐬥𐬁 (gənā) Ancient Greek: γυνή (gunḗ) Old English: cwēn English: queen Sanskrit: ग्ना; जनि (gnā; jani) Old Prussian: genno Old Armenian: կին (kin) Albanian: gru Old Irish: ben Irish: bean Welsh: benyw Kashmiri: [script needed] (zanānū') Old Church Slavonic: жена (žena) Gothic: 𐌵𐌹𐌽𐍉 (qinō) Old Norse: kona Old High German: quena Persian: [script needed] (zan) Phrygian: [script needed] (knaik) Tocharian A: śäṁ Tocharian B: śana Luwian: wanatti- Pashto: [script needed] (šëdza, khëdza) Kurdish: jin
*h₂en-	ancestor	Ancient Greek: ἀννίς (annís) Latin: anus Old High German: ano German: Ahn Lithuanian: anyta Hittite: [script needed] (ḫannaš) Old Armenian: հան (han) Russian: внук (vnuk) Serbo-Croatian: unuk Slovak: vnuk Macedonian: внук (vnuk) Old Prussian: ane Pashto: [script needed] (nikë)
*ph₂tḗr	father	Albanian: atë Latin: pater French: père Spanish: padre Oscan: patír Umbrian: pater Ancient Greek: πατήρ (patḗr) Tocharian A: pācar Tocharian B: pācer Gaulish: ātir Sanskrit: पितृ (pitṛ) Old High German: fater German: Vater Old Irish: athir Irish: athair Old English: fæder English: father Welsh: gwaladr Kashmiri: [script needed] (petū'r) Old Persian: [script needed] (pitā) Persian: [script needed] (pedar) Ossetian: [script needed] (fyd) Old Norse: faðir Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌳𐌰𐍂 (fadar) Gaulish: Ateronius Pashto: [script needed] (plaar) Macedonian: татко (tatko)
*méh₂tēr	mother	Old Armenian: մայր (mayr) Albanian: ëmë Lithuanian: moteris Latvian: māte Old Prussian: mūti Gaulish: mātir Old Irish: máthir Irish: máthair Kashmiri: [script needed] (mā.j) Latin: māter French: mère Spanish: madre Oscan: maatreís Umbrian: matrer Ancient Greek: μήτηρ (mḗtēr) Russian: мать (matʹ) Sanskrit: मातृ (mātṛ) Avestan: 𐬨𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 (mātar) Tocharian A: mācar Tocharian B: mācer Old High German: muoter German: Mutter Old English: mōdor English: mother Welsh: modryb Kamviri: [script needed] (motr) Old Norse: móðir Persian: [script needed] (mādar) Phrygian: [script needed] (mater) Ossetian: [script needed] (mad, madæ) Polish: matka Czech: matka Slovak: matka Old Church Slavonic: мати (mati) Serbo-Croatian: mater, majka, mati Macedonian: мајка (majka) Pashto: [script needed] (mor)
*bʰréh₂tēr	brother	Albanian: vëlla Old Armenian: եղբայր (ełbayr) Old English: brōþor English: brother Kashmiri: [script needed] (boy) Latin: frāter French: frère Umbrian: fratrom Ancient Greek: φράτηρ (phrátēr) Tocharian A: pracar Tocharian B: procer Kamviri: [script needed] (bṛo) Russian: брат (brat) Old High German: bruoder German: Bruder Welsh: brawd Sanskrit: भ्रातृ (bhrātṛ) Old Irish: bráthir Irish: bráthair Lithuanian: brolis Latvian: brālis Gaulish: brātir Old Persian: [script needed] (brātar) Persian: [script needed] (barādar) Phrygian: [script needed] (brater) Gothic: 𐌱𐍂𐍉𐌸𐌰𐍂 (brōþar) Old Norse: bróðir Old Prussian: brāti Old Church Slavonic: братръ (bratrŭ) Ossetian: [script needed] (ærvad) Avestan: 𐬠𐬭𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 (brātar) Oscan: fratrúm Polish: brat Czech: bratr Slovak: brat Kurdish: bira Venetic: vhraterei Lydian: [script needed] (brafr-) Pashto: [script needed] (wror)
*swésōr	sister	Albanian: motër Old English: sweostor English: sister Old High German: swester German: Schwester Sanskrit: स्वसृ (svasṛ) Old Church Slavonic: сестра (sestra) Russian: сестра́ (sestrá) Polish: siostra Czech: sestra Slovak: sestra Latin: soror French: sœur Kamviri: [script needed] (sus) Old Irish: siur Irish: siur Old Armenian: քոյր (kʻoyr) Tocharian A: ṣar Tocharian B: ṣer Ancient Greek: ἔορ (éor) Welsh: chwaer Gaulish: suiior Old Norse: systir Gothic: 𐍃𐍅𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐍂 (swistar) Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬥̇𐬵𐬀𐬭 (xᵛaṅhar) Lithuanian: sesuo Old Prussian: swestro Persian: [script needed] (xāhar) Pashto: [script needed] (khor) Kurdish: xwişk
*suHnús	son	Sanskrit: सूनु (sūnu) Avestan: 𐬵𐬎𐬥𐬎 (hunu) Lithuanian: sūnus Old Prussian: sūnus, soūns Old English: sunu English: son Old High German: sunu German: Sohn Gothic: 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌿𐍃 (sunus) Old Norse: sonr Old Church Slavonic: сꙑнъ (synŭ) Russian: сын (syn) Polish: syn Czech: syn Slovak: syn Macedonian: син (sin) Ancient Greek: υἱός (huiós) Tocharian A: se Tocharian B: soṃśke Old Irish: suth Irish: suth Thracian: sukis Pashto: [script needed] (zoy)
*dʰugh₂tḗr	daughter	Sanskrit: दुहितृ (duhitṛ) Ancient Greek: θυγάτηρ (thugátēr) Tocharian A: ckācar Tocharian B: tkācer Old English: dohtor English: daughter Russian: дочь (dočʹ) Old Armenian: դուստր (dustr) Old High German: tohter German: Tochter Kamviri: [script needed] (jü) Gaulish: duxtīr Persian: [script needed] (doxtar) Lithuanian: duktė Old Prussian: duckti Old Church Slavonic: дъщи (dŭšti) Bulgarian: дъщеря (dǎšterja) Serbo-Croatian: kćer Slovak: dcéra Macedonian: ќерка (ḱerka) Old Norse: dóttir Gothic: 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌰𐍂 (dauhtar) Avestan: 𐬛𐬎𐬖𐬛𐬀𐬭 (duγdar) Luwian: [script needed] (tuwatar, duttariyata) Hittite: [script needed] (duttariyatiyaš) Pashto: [script needed] (lur)
*dayh₂wḗr	husband's brother	Sanskrit: देवर् (devar) Russian: деверь (deverʹ) Polish: dziewierz Lithuanian: dieveris Latvian: dieveris Latin: lēvir Old High German: zeihhur Old English: tācor Ancient Greek: δαήρ (daḗr) Old Armenian: տայգր (taygr) Old Church Slavonic: дѣверь (děverĭ) Serbo-Croatian: dever Pashto: [script needed] (lewar)
*sweḱruH	father- /mother-in-law	Russian: свекровь (svekrovʹ) Sanskrit: श्वशुर; श्वश्रू (śvaśura; śvaśrū) Lithuanian: šešuras Old High German: swigur German: Schwäher Welsh: chwegr Old Armenian: սկեսուր (skesur) Latin: socrus Spanish: suegra Ancient Greek: ἑκυρός (hekurós) Albanian: vjehërr Kamviri: [script needed] (č.uč.) Old English: swēor Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬯𐬎𐬭𐬀- (xᵛasura-) Polish: świekra Czech: švagr m/švagrová f Slovak: svokor/svokra Gothic: 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍂𐍉 (swaihrō) Old Norse: svǽra Serbo-Croatian: svekar m/svekrva f Pashto: [script needed] m (skhër) [script needed] f (khwaašëi khwaakhëi)
*snusós	daughter-in-law	Sanskrit: स्नुषा (snuṣā) Old Church Slavonic: снъха (snŭxa) Old English: snoru Latin: nurus Spanish: nuera Ancient Greek: νυός (nuós) Old Armenian: նու (nu) Polish: snecha Czech: snacha Russian: сноха́ (snoxá) Albanian: nusa Crimean Gothic: schuos Old Norse: snor Old High German: snur German: Schnur Serbo-Croatian: snaja, snaha Macedonian: снаа, снајка, снашка (snaa, snajka, snaška ) Pashto: [script needed] (nžor, ngor)
*ǵh₂lōw-	brother's wife	Old Church Slavonic: злъва (zlŭva) Russian: золо́вка (zolóvka) Ancient Greek: γάλοως (gáloōs) Latin: glōs Phrygian: [script needed] (gelaros) Polish: zełwa Serbo-Croatian: zaova Macedonian: золва (zolva)
*yenh₂ter-	brother-in-law's wife	Latin: ianitrīcēs Ancient Greek: εἰνάτερες (eináteres) Lithuanian: jentė Latvian: ietere Russian: ятровь (jatrovʹ) Sanskrit: यातर् (yātar) Kamviri: [script needed] (iâri) Old Armenian: ներ (ner) Phrygian: [script needed] (ianatera) Polish: jątrew Serbo-Croatian: jetrva Pashto: [script needed] (yor)
*h₂éwh₂os	grandfather mother's brother	Latin: avus; avunculus Spanish: abuelo Gaulish: avontīr Ancient Greek: αἶα (aîa) Lithuanian: avynas Old Prussian: awis Welsh: ewythr Old Armenian: հաւ (haw) Old Church Slavonic: уи (ui) Old English: ēam Old Irish: aue Irish: ó Gothic: 𐌰𐍅𐍉 (awō) Old High German: ōheim German: Oheim Russian: уй (uj) Slovak: ujo Polish: wuj Serbo-Croatian: ujak Macedonian: вујко (vujko)
*nepot-	grandson nephew	Latin: nepōs French: neveu Catalan: nebot Spanish: nieto Sanskrit: नपात् (napāt) Avestan: 𐬥𐬀𐬞𐬁𐬙 (napāt) Ancient Greek: ἀνεψιός (anepsiós) Albanian: nip Russian: нестера (nestera) Old English: nefa English: neve Gaulish: nei Old High German: nevo German: Neffe Welsh: nai Kamviri: [script needed] (nâvo) Old Persian: [script needed] (napā) Persian: [script needed] (nave) Lithuanian: nepuotis Old Irish: necht, níath Old Church Slavonic: нетии (netii), нестера (nestera) Old Polish: nieściora Serbo-Croatian: nećak
*h₁widʰéwh₂	widow	Sanskrit: विध्यति (vidhyati) Avestan: 𐬬𐬌𐬜𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬁 (viδauuā) Gothic: 𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍅𐍉 (widuwō) Old Prussian: widdewu Russian: вдова́ (vdová) Latin: vidua;dīvidō French: veuve Spanish: viuda Old Irish: fedb Old High German: wituwa German: Witwe Welsh: gweddw Polish: wdowa Old English: widuwe English: widow Old Church Slavonic: въдова (vŭdova) Persian: [script needed] (bēve(h)) Ancient Greek: ἠΐθεος (ēḯtheos) Umbrian: uef Lithuanian: vidus Latvian: vidus Serbo-Croatian: udova, udovica Macedonian: вдовица (vdovica) Czech: vdova Slovak: vdova
*gʰóstis	stranger guest	Russian: гость (gostʹ) Latin: hostis French: hôte Old High German: gast German: Gast Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃 (gasts) Polish: gość Old Church Slavonic: гость (gostĭ) Old English: gæst English: guest Old Norse: gestr Luwian: [script needed] (gaši) Macedonian: гост, гостин (gost, gostin) Serbo-Croatian: gost Czech: host Slovak: hosť

Body parts

Root	Meaning	Derivatives
*ḱer-	skull	Latin cerĕbrum, Russian череп (čérep), Old Prussian kerpetis, Ancient Greek kare, Avestan sarah, Sanskrit शिरस् (śiras), Old Armenian սար (sar), Breton kern, German hirni/Hirn, Old Norse hjarni, Persian /sar, Tocharian /krāñi, Ossetian sær, Albanian krye
*kaput-	head	Sanskrit कपुच्छल (kapucchala), Latin caput, English heafod/head, German houbit/Haupt, Old Norse haufuð, Gothic haubiþ, Waziri kaparai
*pula-	hair	Sanskrit पूल ("pula", meaning "bundle" or "straw"), Irish ulcha/ulcha, Latin pilus, Ancient Greek puligges/, Kurdish por, Macedonian влакно ‎(vlakno)
*h₃bʰrúHs	brow	Sanskrit भ्रू (bhrû), Lithuanian bruvis, Irish bru/bruach, English brū/brow, Russian бровь (brov’), Ancient Macedonian abroutes, Ancient Greek ophrus, German /Braue, Tocharian pärwāṃ/pärwāne, Old Prussian wubri, Polish brew, Slovak brva, Old Church Slavonic bruvi, Serbo-Croatian obrve, Old Norse brún, Persian /abru, Pashto wridzëi
*h₃ews-	ear	Hittite istāman, Ancient Greek ous, Sanskrit usi, Russian уши (úši), Gothic auso, Lithuanian ausis, Latvian auss, Gaulish ausia-, Latin auris, Albanian vesh, German ōra/Ohr, Old Church Slavonic ucho, Slovak ucho, Macedonian уво ‎(uvo), Irish au/, Avestan usi, Persian gaušā/guš, Kurdish guh/goh, English éare/ear, Old Norse eyra, Old Armenian ունկն (unkn), ականջ (akanǰ), Old Prussian āusins, Pashto ghwaž/ghwag, Ormuri goi
*h₃ekʷ-	eye	Russian око (óko), Latin oculus, Tocharian ak/ek, Old Armenian ակն (akn), աչք (ačʻkʻ), Sanskrit अक्षि (ákṣi) and अक्षन् (akṣan), Ancient Greek ophthalmos, English ēge/eye, German ouga/Auge, Gothic augo, Albanian sy, Lithuanian akis, Latvian acs, Kamviri âčẽ, Irish enech/oineach, Welsh enep, Old Church Slavonic oko, Old Norse auga, Polish oko, Slovak oko, Old Prussian ackis
*nas-	nose	Sanskrit नस (nasa), Latin nasus, Russian нос (nos), Lithuanian nosis, Latvian nāss or deguns, English nosu/nose, Avestan nah, German nasa/Nase, Kamviri nâsuṛ, Old Prussian nazy, Persian nāham/, Old Church Slavonic nasu, Slovak nos, ä' Macedonian нос ‎(nos), Old Norse nös, Ormuri nene
*h₃es-	mouth	Sanskrit आसन् (âsan) and आन (âna), both meaning "mouth", and ओष्ठ (ôśtha) meaning "lip", Avestan aosta, Latin ōs, Lithuanian uosta (modern: uostas), Latvian osta, Russian уста (ustá), Slovak ústa, Macedonian уста/усни ‎(usta/usni), Kamviri âša, Old Prussian austo, English ōr/--, Hittite aiš, Old Norse oss
*leb-	lip	Latin labĭum, German /Lippe; lefs/Lefze English lippa/lip, Kurdish lêv, Welsh llefaru, Russian лобзать (lobzát’), Persian /lab, Lithuanian lūpa
*h₃dónts	tooth	Latin dentis, Ancient Greek odous/donti, Welsh dant, Lithuanian dantis, Sanskrit dantam, Old Armenian ատամն (atamn), English tōþ/tooth, German zand/Zahn, Gothic tunþus, Russian десна (desná), Slovak ďasno (meaning 'gum'), Welsh dant, Kamviri dut, Persian /dandān, Kashmiri dãd, Irish dét/déad, Old Norse tǫnn, Ossetian dændag, Kurdish didan/digan
*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s	tongue	Albanian giuha, Latin lingua, Irish tenge/teanga, English tunge/tongue, Gothic tuggo, Old Norse tunga, Sanskrit जिह्व (jihvā), Avestan hizvā, Russian язык (jazýk), Slovak jazyk, Lithuanian liežuvis, Old Armenian լեզու (lezu), German zunga/Zunge, Kurdish ziman, Welsh tafod, Kamviri dic, Persian hizbāna/zabān, Old Prussian insuwis, Tocharian käntu/kantwo, Pashto zhëba
*ǵenu-	cheek	Latin gena, Welsh genou, Ancient Greek genos, Gothic kinnus, Sanskrit हनु (hanu, meaning "jaw" and "cheek"), Avestan zanu, Lithuanian žandas, Latvian zods, Phrygian azon, Tocharian śanwem/, Old Armenian ծնաւտ (cnawt), English cin/chin, German chinni/Kinn, Irish gin/gionach, Old Norse kinn, Persian /goune(h), Ancient Macedonian kanadoi
*ǵebʰ-	jaw	Russian зоб (zob), Slovak zub (meaning 'tooth'), Serb. gubica, Irish gopchóel/gob, German /Kiefer, English ceafl/jowl, Old Norse keptr, Avestan zafana
*smek-	chin	Irish smech/smeach, Lithuanian smakras, Latvian smakrs, Sanskrit श्मश्रु (śmaśru, meaning "moustache" and "beard"), Hittite zamakur, Old Armenian մաւրուք (mawrukʻ), Albanian mjekër, Latin maxilla
*bʰardʰeh₂-	beard	Lithuanian barzda, Latvian bārda, Old Church Slavonic brada, Russian борода (borodá), Slovak brada, Macedonian брада ‎(brada), Latin barba, English beard/beard, German bart/Bart, Welsh barf, Polish broda, Old Norse barðr, Crimean Gothic Bars
*moni	neck	Sanskrit मन्या (manyā), meaning "nape, back of the neck", Latin monīle (necklace, collar), English manu/mane, German mana/Mähne, Irish muin/muin, Ancient Greek mannon, Russian монисто (monísto), Welsh mwnwgl, Gaulish maniakēs, Old Norse mǫn, Avestan minu
*h₃emesos	shoulder	Ancient Greek ōmos, Sanskrit अंस (aṃsa), Gothic ams, Old Norse ass, Latin umĕrus, Tocharian es/āntse, Old Armenian ուս (us), Pashto uža/uga
*ḱub-	shoulder	Albanian sup, German huf/Hüfte, English hype/hip, Ancient Greek kubos, Avestan supti, Latin cubitus, Sanskrit शुप्ति (śupti), Gothic hups, Welsh gogof, Persian /šāne
*h₂erm-	arm	Ossetian arm, Old Armenian արմուկն (armukn), Latin armus, Gothic arms, English earm/arm, Sanskrit ईर्म (irma), Old Prussian irmo, Old Church Slavonic ramo, Slovak rameno, German aram/Arm, Old Norse armr, Ancient Greek arthron/
*eh₃l-	elbow	German Elle (ulna, ell), Gothic 𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 ‎(aleina, “cubit”), Ancient Greek ōlenē, Old Armenian ոլոք (olokʻ), Latin ulna (meaning "elbow, arm, cubit, ell"), Lithuanian uolektis, Latvian olekts, Russian локоть (lokotʹ) (meaning "elbow") and ланита (lanita), (meaning "cheek"), Slovak lakeť, Macedonian лакот ‎(lakоt), Sanskrit आणि (āṇi, meaning "nail"), Welsh elin, English eln/ell, Irish uilin/uille, Gothic aleina, Old Norse aln, Albanian llërë/llânë, Avestan arəθna, Old Prussian woaltis, Old Church Slavonic pakŭtĭ, Polish łokieć, Persian /āran
*dows-	forearm	Sanskrit दोस् (dos), Avestan daoš, Irish doít/doíd, Lithuanian dilbis, Latvian paduse, Russian пазуха (pázuxa) (meaning "bosom"), Persian دوش (doš, meaning "shoulder")
*ǵʰes-	hand	Sanskrit hasta, Avestan zasta, Lithuanian žastas, Latin praesto, Hittite kessar, Lycian izre, Luwian iššari-, Ancient Greek kheir, Old Armenian ձեռն (jeṙn), Kamviri düšt, Albanian dorë, Pashto laas
*men-	hand	Latin manus, Ancient Greek mane, English mund/--, German munt/Vormund
*h₃enogʰ-	nail	Ancient Greek onohos, Sanskrit नख (nakha) (nail) and नखर (nakhara) (finger-nail), Latin unguis, German nagel/Nagel, Russian ноготь (nógot’) (finger-nail or toe-nail), Slovak neht, Macedonian нокт ‎(nokt), Lithuanian nagas, Latvian nags, Avestan nakhara, Old Armenian եղունգն (ełungn), Welsh ewin, English nægl/nail, Persian ناخن (nail, fingernail), Old Church Slavonic noguti, Polish nagietek, Irish inga/ionga, Pashto nuk, Ormuri nakhkche
*psten-	breast	Ancient Greek stēthos, Old Armenian ստին (stin), Sanskrit stana, Avestan fštāna, Lithuanian spenys, Latvian spenis, Old Norse speni, German spunni/Spanferkel, Irish sine/sine, Albanian gji, Old Prussian spenis, Persian /pestan, English spane/--
*eh₂udʰr̥	udder	Lithuanian ūdroti, English ūder/udder, German ūtir/Euter, Old Norse jūgr, Ancient Greek outhar/, Sanskrit ūdhar, Latin ūber, Russian вымя (výmja), Polish wymię, Slovak vemä
*perḱ-	rib	Old Church Slavonic persi, Lithuanian piršys, Sanskrit parśus, Avestan parəsu, Ossetian fars
*pog-	lap	Sanskrit pakṣas, Latvian paksis, Latin pectus, Russian пах (pax), Tocharian päśśäṃ/päšcane
*h₃enbʰ-	navel	Sanskrit nabhya, Avestan nāba, Latvian naba, German nabalo/Nabel, English nafela/navel, Old Norse nafli, Ancient Greek omphalos, Latin umbilīcus, Irish imbliu/imleacán, Kashmiri naf, Old Prussian nabis, Persian /nāf
*udero-	belly	Latin uterus; venter, Ancient Greek otheros, Sanskrit udara, Avestan udaras, Lithuanian vėdaras, Latvian vēders, German wanast/Wanst, Pashto nas, Serbo-Croatian utroba, Slovak útroby
*pisda	vulva	Russian пизда (pizdá), Lithuanian pyzda, Latvian pīzda, Albanian pidh, Macedonian пичка ‎(pička), Slovak piča
*pes-	penis	Ancient Greek peos, Latin pēnis, German faselt/Fasel, Old Norse fösull, English fæsl/--, Sanskrit पसस् (pasas)
*h₃erǵʰi-	testicle	Ancient Greek orkhēs, Old Armenian որձիք (orjikʻ), Irish uirge/, Lithuanian aržilas (modern: eržilas), Latvian erzelis, Avestan ərəzi, Albanian herdhe
*h₃ers-	arse	Ancient Greek oura, Old Armenian ոռ (oṙ), Hittite arras, English ears/arse, Irish err/earr, German ars/Arsch, Old Norse ars
*ḱlowni-	buttock	Latin clūnis, Old Norse hlaun, Kamviri slaunis, Sanskrit श्रोणि (śroṇi), Avestan sraoni, Welsh clun, Lithuanian šlaunis, Pashto kunattai, Macedonian колк ‎(kolk)
*kroksko-	leg	Albanian krah, Lithuanian kirkaliai, Old Church Slavonic kraka, Russian окорок (ókorok), Sanskrit kiṣku
*ǵenu-	knee	Albanian Gju Russian звено (zvenó), Latin genū, Hittite genu, Palaic ginu-, English cnēo/knee, Ancient Greek gonu, Sanskrit jānu, Illyr. Genusus, German kniu/Knie, Persian /zānu, Old Norse kne, Avestan znum, Tocharian kanweṃ/kenīne, Gothic kniu, Old Armenian ծունր (cunr), ծունկք (cunkkʻ), Macedonian колено ‎(koleno)
*kenk-	kneecap	Sanskrit kañkāla, Lithuanian kenklė, Latvian cinksla, English hēla/heel, Old Norse hǽll
*persna-	heel	Sanskrit pārṣni, Latin perna/pernis, Hittite parsina, Gothic fairsna, German fërsana/Ferse, Ancient Greek ptera, English fiersn/-- , Persian /pāšne(h), Lithuanian pentinas, Macedonian пета ‎(peta)
*pṓds	foot	Lithuanian pėda, Latvian pēda, Latin pēs, Umbrian peři, Sanskrit pāda, English fōt/foot, Old Armenian ոտն (otn), Ancient Greek podi, Albanian poshtë, Tocharian peṃ/paiyye, Ossetian fad/, German fuoz/Fuß, Old Church Slavonic pĕšĭ, Russian пеший (péšij), Polish pieszy, Slovak peši (meaning 'walking on feet'), Old Prussian pe'da', Macedonian педа ‎(peda), Hittite patas, Lycian pede-, Luwian pati-, Avestan pâdha, Old Norse fótr, Kurdish pê, Gothic fotus, Persian /pa, Gaulish candetum, Ancient Macedonian argiopus, Pashto pša/pkha

Body organs

Root	Meaning	Derivatives
*kʷrep-	body	Sanskrit kṛpā, Avestan kərəfš, Albanian shkrep, German href/, Latin corpus, English hrif/midriff, Ancient Greek prapis, Welsh corff, Irish crí/, Russian труп (trup), Polish krępy
*naw-	corpse	Tocharian nut/naut, Gothic naus, Russian навь (nav’), Welsh newyn, German not/, Old Norse nār, English néo-/--, Old Church Slavonic navi, Old Prussian nowis, Lithuanian novyti, Latvian nāve, Irish núne/
*neḱ-	dead person, death	Sanskrit naśyati, Avestan nasyeiti, Ancient Greek nekros, Lithuanian našlys, Latin nex, Tocharian näk/näk, Irish éc/eug, Welsh angeu, Old Norse Naglfar
*pel-	skin	Ancient Greek pelos; pilon, Latin pellis, Russian пелена (pelená), Gothic fill, German fël/Fell, English filmen/film, Lithuanian plėnė, Latvian plēne, Old Prussian pleynis, Old Norse feldr
*twakos	skin	Sanskrit tvacas, Hittite tuekkas, Ancient Greek sakos, Macedonian and Russian кожа ‎(koža)
*h₃est-	bone	Albanian asht, Latin os; costa, Ancient Greek ostoun, Russian кость (kost’); остов (óstov), Macedonian коска ‎(koska), Sanskrit अस्थि (asthi), Avestan asti, Hittite ḫastāi, Welsh asgwrn, Kamviri âṭi, Persian استخوان (ostexān), Polish kość, Slovak kosť, Kurdish hestî, Tocharian /ásta, Old Armenian ոսկր (oskr), Luwian ḫāš
*gʷeyH-	sinew	Old Church Slavonic žitsa, Russian жила (žíla), Old Armenian ջիլ (ǰil), ջիղ (ǰił), Lithuanian gija, Latvian dzija, Latin fīlum, Welsh giau, Old Church Slavonic žila, Polish żyła, Slovak žila
*gʷiyeh₂	sinew	Ancient Greek bios, Sanskrit jyā, Avestan jyā, Kamviri ja, Macedonian вена ‎(vena)
*memso	flesh	Sanskrit māṃsa, Old Prussian mensā, Gothic mimz, Russian мясо (mjáso), Macedonian месо ‎(meso), Slovak mäso, Albanian mish, Old Armenian միս (mis), Tocharian /mīsa, Latin membrum, Ancient Greek mēnigks, Kashmiri maz, Lithuanian mėsa, Latvian miesa, Irish mír/mír
*krew-	meat	Sanskrit क्रविस् (kravis), Lithuanian kraujas, Latvian krevele, Russian кровь (krov’), Latin cruor, Irish cró/creo, Ancient Greek kreas, Old Norse hrár, Avestan xrūva, Welsh crau, Polish krew, Slovak krv, German hrāo/roh, Old Church Slavonic kruvi, Old Prussian crauyo, English hrēaw/raw
*h₁ésh₂r̥	blood	Sanskrit असृज् (asṛj), Old Latin aser, Latvian asinis, Hittite ešar, Lycian esêne-, Luwian ašhar-, Tocharian ysār/yasar, Ancient Greek eiar, Old Armenian արիւն (ariwn)
*mosgo	brain	Russian мозг (mozg), Macedonian мозок ‎(mozok), Avestan mazga, Sanskrit मज्जन् (majjan) (meaning "bone-marrow"), Kashmiri massunt, Old Prussian musgeno, German marag//Mark, Persian /maġz, Polish mózg, Slovak mozog, Czech mozek, Tocharian mäśśunt/, Lithuanian smagenės (modern: smegenys), Kurdish mejî, Latvian smadzenis, English mearg/marrow, Old Norse mergr, Pashto maazghë
*gʷʰeleǵʰ-	gland	Old Armenian գեղձ (gełj), Lithuanian geležuones, Russian железа (železá), Polish zołza, Slovak žľaza, Macedonian жлезда ‎(žlezda)
*engʷ-	gland	Albanian angërr, Ancient Greek adēn, Latin inguen, Old Norse ökkvinn
*rewsmen-	throat	Sanskrit rōmantha, Welsh rhumen, Latin rūmen, Lithuanian raumuo, Latvian raumins
*plewmō	lung	Ancient Greek pleumōn, Sanskrit क्लोमन् (kloman), Lithuanian plaučiai, Latvian plaušas, Old East Slavic плюче (pljuče), Russian лёгкое (ljóxkoje), Old Prussian plauti, Latin pulmō, Serbo-Croatian pluća, Slovak pľúca, Czech plíce
*ḱḗr	heart	Sanskrit hṛdaya, Avestan zərədā, Hittite karts, Lycian kride, Palaic kart-, Latin cor, Ancient Greek καρδία (kardia) English heorte/heart, Russian сердце (sérdce), Lithuanian širdis, Latvian sirds, Old Prussian seyr, Old Armenian սիրտ (sirt), Welsh craidd, Kamviri zâra, Irish cride/croidhe, Polish serce, Slovak srdce, German herza/Herz, Gothic hairto, Old Norse hjarta, Old Church Slavonic srĭdĭce, Macedonian срце ‎(srce), Ossetian zærdæ, Pashto zrrë, Ormuri zli
*yeh₁kʷr̥-	liver	Sanskrit यकृत् (yakṛt), Lithuanian jeknos, Latvian aknas, Avestan yākarə, Latin iecur, Irish iuchair/iuchair, Ancient Greek ήπαρ (hēpar), Russian икра (ikrá), Kamviri iâñi, Persian /jegar, Pashto dzigar, Macedonian џигер ‎(džiger)
*splenǵʰ-	spleen	Ancient Greek σπλήν (splēn), Irish selg/sealg, Old Church Slavonic slĕzena, Macedonian слезина ‎(slezina), Latin liēn, Avestan sparazan, Sanskrit plīhan, Lithuanian blužnis, Old Prussian blusne, Kamviri pṛu, Old Armenian փայծաղն (pʻaycałn), Russian селезёнка (selezjónka), Polish śledziona, Slovak slezina, Breton felc'h
*lendʰ-	kidney	German lenti/Lende, English lenden/--, Old Norse lend, Polish lędźwia, Czech ledvina, Russian лядвея (ljádveja), Latin lumbus
*gʷelbʰ-	womb	English wamb/womb, German wamba/Wamme, Gothic wamba, Old Norse vomb, Sanskrit garbhas, Ancient Greek delphus, Lithuanian gimda,
*gwrebʰ-	womb	Ancient Greek brephos, Irish brommach/, Old Church Slavonic žrĕbę, Russian жеребёнок (žerebjónok), Polish źrebię, Slovak žriebä (meaning 'young horse'), Italian grembo
*ǵʰer-	bowels	Latin hernia, Sanskrit hira, Ancient Greek khordē, Old Norse gǫrn, German garn/Garn, English gearn/yarn, Old Armenian ձառ (jaṙ), Macedonian црева ‎(creva), Slovak črevo, Lithuanian žarna, Latvian zarna, Albanian zorrë, Hittite karat
*eh₁ter-	intestines	Ancient Greek ētor/, Irish inathar/, Latin uterus, Macedonian утроба ‎(utroba), Slovak útroby, Old Norse ǽðr, English ǣdder/, German ādra/Ader
*kakka	excrement	Russian какать (kákat’), Slovak kakať (meaning 'to defecate'), Ancient Greek kakkaō, Latin cacō, Old Armenian քակոր (kʻakor), Irish cacc/cac, German /Kacke, Welsh cach, Lithuanian kaka, Persian keke

Human feelings and qualities

Root	Meaning	Derivatives
*ters-	dry	Sanskrit tṛṣyati, Avestan taršu, Old Armenian թառամիմ (tʻaṙamim), Ancient Greek tersomai/, Albanian ter, Latin terra;torrēre;torreō, English þurst/thirst, German durri/dürr, Gothic þaursus, Old Norse þurr, Eastern Baltic trōkšti, Lithuanian trokšti, Irish tírim/tirim, Kashmiri treśiho.t
*daḱru-	tear	Ancient Greek dakru, Latin lacrĭma, German zahar/Zähre, English tēar/tear, Sanskrit aśru, Lithuanian ašara, Latvian asara, Welsh deigryn, Irish dér/déar, Tocharian ākär/akrūna, Gothic tagr, Old Norse tár, Old Armenian արտաւսր (artawsr), Avestan asrūazan
*ḱeh₂d-	hate	English hete/hate, German haz/haß, Gothic hatis, Old Norse hatr, Sanskrit riśadas, Avestan sādra/, Ancient Greek kēdos, Oscan cadeis amnud, Irish caiss/cais, Welsh câs, Latin odi
*ǵews-	taste	Latin dēgūnō, Gothic kiusan, German kiosan/kiesen, Sanskrit joṣati, Avestan zaošō, Albanian dashur, Polish gust, English ceosan/choose, Persian dauš/, Irish asagussim/--, Ancient Greek geusis
*gʰers-	horror	Old Norse gersta, Lithuanian grasa, grėsti, Latvian grasāt, Old Armenian գարշիմ (garšim), Avestan grəəhma, German gerstī/, Latin fastus, Tocharian krās/krās
*gʰowros	fear	Sanskrit ghora, Gothic gaurs, German gōrag/, Russian журить (žurít’), English gyrn/, Old Norse gaurr
*sweyd-	sweat	Old Armenian քիրտն (kʻirtn), Albanian djersë, English swǣtan/sweat, Lithuanian saldus, Latvian sviedri, Sanskrit svedate, Latin sūdor; sīdus, Ancient Greek hidros; sidēros, German sweiz/Schweiss, Welsh chwys, Old Norse sveiti, Avestan xvaēda, Pashto khwala
*swep-	sleep	Lithuanian sapnas, Sanskrit svapnas, Latin somnus, Old Norse svefn, Tocharian ṣpäṃ/ṣpane, Ancient Greek hupnos, Avestan xvafna, Irish suán/suan, Russian сон (son), Old Armenian քուն (kʻun), Albanian gjumë, Welsh hun, English swefan/sweven, Old Church Slavonic sunu, Persian /xāb, Pashto khob
*h₂egos-	fault, sin	Sanskrit āgas, Ancient Greek agos, English acan/ache, Russian грех
*h₂enh₁-	breathe	Sanskrit ānas, Gothic uzanan; andi, Irish anál/anál, Latin animus, Ancient Greek anemos, Russian вонь (von’), Welsh anadl, Old Church Slavonic vonja, Old Norse anda; ǫnd, English eðian/--; ōþian/--, Welsh eneid, Avestan åntya, Lithuanian anuoti, Old Armenian հով (hov), Albanian ajë/âj, Oscan anamum, Tocharian āñcäm/āñme
*h₂eym-	copy	Hittite ḫimma, Latin aemulus; imāgō
*h₂eyw-	vital force	Sanskrit āyu, Avestan āyū, Tocharian āym/, Latin aevum, Dutch eeuw, English æfre/ever, German īo/je; êwig/ewig, Gothic aiws, Old Norse ei, Ancient Greek aiōn, Albanian eshë
*men-	mind	Latin mēns, Ancient Greek menos, Sanskrit manas, Avestan manah, English gemynd/mind, Gothic muns, Old Norse minni; man, German minna/Minne, Lithuanian mintis, Latvian minēt, Old Prussian mēntimai Old Church Slavonic mineti, Russian мнить (mnit’), Slovak mieniť, Old Armenian միտ (mit), Albanian mund, Persian mainyāhay/, Tocharian mnu/mañu, Irish dermet/dearmad, Welsh cof

Celestial terms

Root	Meaning	Derivatives
*telp-	space	Sanskrit talpa, Lithuanian tilpti; telpu, Latvian tilpt; telpu, Russian толпа (tolpá), Tocharian tsälp/tälp, Irish -tella/
*h₂stḗr	star	Ancient Greek astēr, German sterro/Stern, English steorra/star, Old Norse stjarna, Gothic stairno, Latin stella, Kurdish stêr, Old Armenian աստղ (astł), Sanskrit tāras;stṛbhis, Welsh seren, Tocharian śre/śćirye, Kamviri ṛâšto, Persian /setāre, Ossetian sthaly/, Hittite ḫašterz(a), Pashto storai
*sóh₂wl̥	sun	Lithuanian saulė, Latvian saule, Latin sōl, Welsh haul, Ancient Greek hēlios, Albanian (h)yll, English sigel/--; sunne/sun, Russian солнце (sólnce), Sanskrit sūras, Avestan hvarə, German sunna/Sonne, Old Norse sól; sunna, Gothic sauil; sunno, Welsh haul, Irish súil/súil, Tocharian swāñce/swāñco, Kamviri su, Polish słońce, Slovak slnce, Old Church Slavonic slunice, Protoslavonic slnъ, Old Prussian saule, Persian -farnah-/
*mḗh₁n̥s	moon/month	Hittite armas, Ancient Greek mēn, Tocharian mañ/meñe, Latin mēnsis, English mōna/moon, Old Church Slavonic meseci, Russian месяц (mésjac), Slovak mesiac, Czech měsíc, Sanskrit māsa, Old Armenian ամիս (amis), Avestan maoṅh, Irish mí/mí, Old Norse mani, German mano/Mond, Gothic mena, Albanian muaj, Lithuanian mėnuo, Latvian meness, Welsh mis, Kamviri mos, Persian /māh, Ossetian mæj, Old Prussian menig, Pashto myaasht, Ormuri mail
*nébʰos	sky/cloud	Russian небо (nébo), Slovak nebo, Latin nebŭlō, Sanskrit nabhas, Ancient Greek nephos, Hittite nepiš, Lycian tabahaza, Luwian tappaš-, German nebul/Nebel, English nifol/--, Welsh nef, Kamviri niru, Polish niebo, Old Church Slavonic nebo, Lithuanian debesis, Latvian debess, Avestan nabah, Irish nem/neamh, Old Norse niflhel
*lewk-	light/bright	Avestan raočant, Ancient Greek leukos, English lēoht/light, Latin lūx, Gaulish leux, German lioht/licht, Kamviri luka, Gothic liuhaþ, Old Norse leygr, Russian луч (luč), Sanskrit rocate, Tocharian luk, Oscan Lúvkis, Umbrian Vuvçis, Welsh llug, Irish loscaim/loiscim, Kamviri ṛuč, Lithuanian lauka, Latvian lauks, Hittite lalukkes, Lycian luga, Luwian luha-, Old Armenian լոյս (loys), Old Church Slavonic luci, Polish łuczywo, Slovak lúč
*perk-	lighting/strike	Baltic Perkun (god of sky), Greek keranós (lighting), Hittite perunaš (rock), Latin quercus (oak), Old Slavonic Perun (god of sky), Polish piorun

Times of day

Root	Meaning	Derivatives
*deyn-	day	Old Armenian տիւ (tiw), Russian день (den’), Irish denus/, Lithuanian diena, Latvian diena, Sanskrit dinam, Latin diēs, Albanian ditë, Welsh dydd, Polish dzień, Slovak deň, Czech den, Irish día/dia, Gothic sintīns, Old Prussian deinan, English lencten/lent, German lenzo/Lenz, Breton deiz
*dʰǵʰ(y)es-	yesterday	English geostran/yesterday, Albanian dje, Sanskrit hyas, Avestan zyō, Kurdish duh, Persian diyaka/dīg/diruz/dine, Ancient Greek khthes, Latin herī, Welsh ddoe, Irish indhé/an(d)é, Gothic gistradagis, Old Norse í gǽr, German gesteron/gestern
*h₂eǵʰ-	day	Sanskrit ahar, Avestan azan, English dæg/day, German tag/Tag, Gothic dags, Old Norse dagr, Albanian ditë
*h₂ews-	dawn	Lithuanian aušra, Latvian ausma, German ōstra/Osten, Sanskrit उषस् (uṣas), Russian утро (útro), English ēast/east, Ancient Greek hēos, Latin aurōra, Old Norse austr, Avestan ušastara, Irish fáir/, Welsh gwawr
*nókʷts	night	Ancient Greek nuks, Lithuanian naktis, Latvian nakts, German naht/Nacht, Sanskrit nakti, Hittite nekuz, Latin nox, Russian ночь (noč’), Albanian natë, Irish innocht/anochd, Tocharian nakcu/nekcīye, Welsh nos, English niht/night, Polish noc, Slovak noc, Old Prussian naktin, Gothic nahts, Old Norse nótt, Old Church Slavonic nosti
*wespero-	evening	Old Armenian գիշեր (gišer), Latin vespera, Ancient Greek hesperos, Lithuanian vakaras, Latvian vakars, Irish fescor/feascar, Russian вечер (véčer), Gothic veig, Welsh ucher, Polish wieczór, Slovak večer

Seasons

Root	Meaning	Derivatives
*yeHr-	year	Gothic jēr, English gēar/year, Avestan yārə, Old Church Slavonic jara, Ancient Greek ōra, Latin hōrnus, German jar/Jahr, Old Norse ár, Persian dušiyaram/, Lithuanian jorė, Russian яровой (jarovój), Polish jar, Slovak jar (meaning 'spring')
*wet-	year	Latin vetus, Ancient Greek etos, Sanskrit vatsa, English weðer/wether, German widar/Widder, Gothic wiþrus, Old Norse veðr, Hittite witt, Albanian vjet, Irish fethim/feithim, Cornish guis, Lithuanian vetuša, Old Church Slavonic vetŭxŭ, Russian ветхий (vétxij), Polish wiotki, Slovak vetchý (meaning 'old, fragile'), Oscan Vezkeí
*wésr̥	spring	Russian весна (vesná), Sanskrit vasanta, Lithuanian vasara, Latvian vasara, Old Norse vár, Latin vēr, Avestan vaṅri, Old Armenian գարուն (garun), Kamviri vâsut, Persian /bahār, Polish wiosna, Ancient Greek ear, Old Church Slavonic vesna, Irish errach/, Welsh gwanwyn
*sem-	summer	Sanskrit samā, English sumor/summer, Avestan ham, Old Armenian ամառն (amaṙn), German sumar/Sommer, Old Norse sumar, Welsh haf, Irish samrad/samhradh, Tocharian ṣme/ṣmāye
*h₃esen-	harvest	Russian осень (ósen’), Old Prussian assanis, English earnian/earn, Gothic asans, German aran/Ernte, Old Norse ǫnn, Ancient Greek opōra, Polish jesień, Slovak jeseň, Latin annōna
*ǵʰey-	winter	Sanskrit hemanta, Latin hiems, Ancient Greek kheima, Gaulish Giamillus, Old Church Slavonic zima, Russian зима (zimá), Polish zima, Slovak zima, Lithuanian žiema, Latvian ziemas, Old Prussian semo, Avestan zimo, Old Armenian ձմեռն (jmeṙn), Albanian dimër/dimën, Kamviri zẽ, Persian /zemestān, Tocharian śärme/śimpriye, Welsh gaeaf, Irish gaimred/geimhreadh, Hittite gima, Old Norse gói, Persian /dai, Pashto zhëmai

Atmosphere

Root	Meaning	Derivatives
*ḱewero-	northwind	Russian север (séver), Slovak sever, Lithuanian šiaurys, Latin caurus, Old Armenian ցուրտ (cʻurt), English scūr/shower, German scūr/Schauer, Gothic skura, Old Norse skúr, Old Church Slavonic severu
*sneygʷʰ-	snow	Lithuanian sniegas, Latvian sniegs, Old Prussian snaygis, Russian снег (sneg), Irish snechta/sneachta, Sanskrit snēha, English snāw/snow, Latin nix, Ancient Greek nipha, German sneo/Schnee, Old Norse snjór, Gothic snaiws, Polish śnieg, Slovak sneh, Czech sníh, Welsh nyf, Old Church Slavonic snegu, Avestan snaēža, Tocharian /śiñcatstse
*grad-	hail	Russian град (grad), Lithuanian gruodas, Latin grandō, Old Armenian կարկուտ (karkut), Polish grad, Slovak hrad (meaning 'castle'), Old Church Slavonic gradŭ
*yeg-	ice	Hittite ekan, English gicel/icicle, Old Norse jaki, German ichil/gicht, Irish aig/oighear, Welsh ia, Lithuanian ižas, Latvian ieze, Russian икра (ikrá), Persian yakh, Polish kra
*snewdʰ-	mist	Avestan snaoða, Welsh nudd, Ancient Greek nuthon, Latin nūbēs, Welsh nudd
*meldʰ-	lightning	Old Prussian mealde, Lithuanian milna, Russian молния (mólnija)
*tónr̥	thunder	Gaulish Taranis, Irish torand/toran, Welsh tarann, English þunor/thunder, Old Norse þórr, German Donar/Donner, Hittite Tarx.u, Lycian Trqqñt, Luwian Tarhunt-, Pashto taṇā/tandar, Kashubian taro.n, Latin tonāre, Silesian Dunder, Sanskrit tányati, Persian /tundar

Wholeness

Root	Meaning	Derivatives
*h₂eyti-	part	Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (aēta), Oscan [script needed] (aeteis), Ancient Greek αἴτιος (aítios), Old Irish áes/Irish aois, Welsh oes
*semi-	half	Latin sēmis, Old High German sami, Old English sām-/English sand-blind, Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌹- (sami-), Sanskrit समि (sami), Ancient Greek ἥμισυς (hḗmisus), Kamviri [script needed] (sâmaũ)
*solo-	whole	Latin salvus, Tocharian A salu/Tocharian B solme, Ancient Greek ὅλος (hólos), Old Armenian ողջ (ołǰ), Old Irish slán, Albanian gjallë, Sanskrit सर्व (sarva), Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀 (hauruua), Kamviri [script needed] (sũdi), Polish sowity, Welsh holl, Oscan [script needed] (salavs), Umbrian [script needed] (saluvom), Old East Slavic сулѣи (sulěi), Old Persian [script needed] (haluva), Old Church Slavonic соулѣи (sulěi)

Terrain

Root	Meaning	Derivatives
*dʰéǵʰōm	earth	Phrygian zemelo, Thracian semele, Persian zam, Sanskrit kṣa, Ancient Greek khthōn, Latin humus, Gothic guma, Old Norse gumi, English guma/bridegroom, German gomo/Bräutigam, Albanian dhè, Old Church Slavonic zemlja, Russian земля (zemljá), Irish du/duine, Hittite tekan, Luwian dakam-, Tocharian tkam/keṃ, Kashmiri za.min, Lithuanian žemė, Latvian zeme, Old Prussian same, Welsh dyn, Oscan huntruis, Umbrian hondomu, Persian zamin, Thracian semela, Phrygian zamelon, Ossetian zæxx/, Polish ziemia, Slovak zem, Pashto dzmëka
*h₂éḱmō	stone	Ancient Greek akmōn, Lithuanian akmuo, Latvian akmens, Sanskrit aśman, Avestan asman, Russian камень (kámen’), English hamer/hammer, Polish kamień, Slovak kameň, Old Norse hamarr, Hittite aku, Persian asman/, Gaulish acaunum, German hamar/Hammer
*ǵembʰ-	ledge->tooth	Ancient Greek gomphos, Sanskrit jambha, Lithuanian žambas, Latvian zobs, Albanian dhëmb/dhamb, Ancient Macedonian kombous, English comb/comb, Tocharian kam/keme, Russian зуб (zub), Latin gemma, Old Armenian ծամեմ (camem), Kamviri zâmoa, Polish gęba/ząb, Old Norse kambr, German kamb/Kamm
*gʷer-	mount	Russian гора (gora), Lithuanian guras, Sanskrit गिरीश (girīśa), गिर् (gir), Avestan gairi, Ancient Greek deiros, Albanian gur, Old Armenian լեառն (leaṙn), Polish góra, Slovak hora, Old Church Slavonic gora, Pashto ghar
*h₂egras	field	Sanskrit अज्र (ajra), Ancient Greek agros, Latin ager, Umbrian ager, Gothic akrs, English æcer/acre, Old Armenian արտ (art), German achar/Acker, Old Norse akr
*lendʰ-	steppe	Old Prussian lindan, English land/land, Old Norse land, Irish land/lann, Welsh llan, Old Church Slavonic ledina, Russian ляда (ljáda), German /Land, Gaulish landa
*lat-	swamp	Ancient Greek lataks, Lithuanian Latupė, Latvian Late, Gaulish Arelate, Irish lathach/lathach, German letto/letten, Welsh llaid, Russian болото (boloto), Slovak blato
*móri	sea	Russian море (móre), Slovak more, Czech moře, Gaulish Aremorici, Lithuanian marios, Latvian mare, Latin mare, Sanskrit मर्यादा (maryādā) (meaning "limit, end"), English mere/mere, German mari/Meer, Old Prussian mary, Welsh môr, Irish muir/muir, Gothic marei, Albanian përmjerr
*laku-	pond	Ancient Greek lakkos, Latin lacus, German lagu/, Irish loch/loch, Old Armenian լիճ (lič), English lagu/--, Lithuanian lekmenė, Old Norse lǫgr, Serbian lokva
*h₂eǵʰero-	lake	Lithuanian ežeras, Latvian ezers, Old Church Slavonic jezero, Russian озеро (ózero), Illyr. oseriates, Ancient Greek Akherōn, Polish jezioro, Slovak jazero, Czech jezero, Old Prussian assaran
*h₂ekʷeh₂-	river	Latin aqua, Russian Ока (Oká), Gothic aha, German aha/Ache, English īg/island, Sanskrit ap, Hittite akwanzi, Luwian ahw-, Palaic aku-, Old Norse á, Gothic aƕa
*h₂ep-	river	Hittite ḫap(a), Palaic ḫapnas, Luwian ḫapinni, Latvian upe, Lithuanian upė, Old Prussian ape, English ōfer, German /Ufer, Sanskrit āp, Avestan afš, Latin amnis, Tocharian āp/āp
*wódr̥	water	English wæter/water, Russian вода (vodá), Ancient Macedonian bedu, Ancient Greek hudōr, Lithuanian vanduo, Latvian ūdens, Latin unda, Sanskrit udan, Albanian ujë, Irish uisce/uisge, Hittite watar, Old Armenian գետ (get), Tocharian wär/war, Umbrian utur, Gothic watō, Welsh gwer, Old Norse vatn, Kashmiri odūr, Thracian udrēnas, German wazzar/Wasser, Phrygian bedu, Polish woda, Slovak voda, Old Church Slavonic voda, Old Prussian wundan, Ormuri wëkʰ
*poymno-	foam	Latin pūmex, Lithuanian puta, Sanskrit फेन (phena), Old Church Slavonic pĕna, Russian пена (péna), Slovak pena, English fām/foam, German feim/Feim, Ossetian fink, Old Prussian spoayno, Banuci spanch

Fire

Root	Meaning	Derivatives
*dʰuh₂mós	smoke	Sanskrit dhūma, Old Prussian dumis, Russian дым (dym), German toup/toben, Latin fūmus, Ancient Greek thumos, Hittite tuhhuwais, Tocharian twe/tweye, Lithuanian dūmai, Latvian dūmi, English dōmian/dusk, Gothic dauns, Old Norse daunn, Kurdish dûv, Irish dé/deathach, Welsh dywy, Oscan Mefit, Polish dym, Slovak dym, Persian /dud, Old Church Slavonic dymŭ, Pashto lugai
*eh₂ter-	fire	Old Armenian այրեմ (ayrem), Kurdish agir/ahi, Irish áith/áith, Welsh odyn, Avestan ātarš, Persian Āçiyādiya/ādar, Latin āter, Umbrian atru, Oscan Aadíriis, Slovak vatra, Serbo-Croatian vatra, Pashto or
*h₁n̥gʷnis	fire	Sanskrit agni, Hittite agniš, Latin ignis, Lithuanian ugnis, Latvian uguns, Old Church Slavonic ognĭ, Polish ogień, Slovak oheň, Russian огонь (ogón’), Albanian enjte
*péh₂wr̥	bonfire	Hittite paḫḫur, Tocharian por/pūwar, Ancient Greek pur, Umbrian pir, Old Norse fúrr, English fȳr/fire, Polish perzyna, Old Armenian հուր (hur), German fiur/Feuer, Old Prussian panno, Oscan purasiai, Gothic fōn, Czech pýř
*peh₂rs-	dust	Old Church Slavonic praxŭ, Tocharian pärs/pärs, Avestan paršuya, Lithuanian purkšti, Latvian pārsla, Old Norse fors, Hittite pappars, Sanskrit पराग (parāga) (dust) and पृषत् (pṛṣat) (spotted, variegated), Russian прах (prax) (dust, ashes), порох (porox) (gunpowder), Polish proch, Slovak prach

Parts of trees

Root	Meaning	Derivatives
*dóru	tree, wood	Old Armenian ծառ (caṙ), Lithuanian derva, Latvian dreve, Gaulish Dervus, Russian дерево (dérevo), English trēow/tree, Hittite taru, Luwian tarweja-, Ancient Greek drus, Latin durus, Albanian dru/drû, Irish derucc/, Tocharian or, Kamviri dâa, Persian /deraxt, Polish drzewo, Slovak drevo, Welsh derwen, Sanskrit dāru, Avestan dāuru, Gothic triu, Old Norse tré, Old Prussian drawine, Ancient Macedonian darullos, Pashto largai
*dʰergʰen-	thorn	Sanskrit द्राक्षा (drākṣā) (vine, grapes), German tirnpauma/dirnbaum, Welsh draen, Irish draigen/droigheann, Lithuanian drignės, Latvian drigenes, Russian дёрен (djóren), Slovak tŕň, Pashto azghai/ghëna, Ormuri zier
*ǵʰasto-	stick	Latin hasta, Umbrian hostatu, Irish gass/gas, Lithuanian lazda
*ǵʰasdʰo-	stick	Russian жердь (žerd’), Irish gat, Gothic gazds, Old Norse gaddr, English gād/goad, German gart/Gart, Polish żerdź, Slovak žrď
*gʷetw-	resin	German kuti/Kitt, English cudu/cud, Old Norse kváða, Sanskrit जतु (jatu) (rubber, gum), Welsh bedwen, Latin bitūmen, Scottish Gaelic beithe
*h₃esdos	branch	Old Armenian ոստ (ost), Ancient Greek ozos, English ōst, German ast/Ast, Gothic asts
*ḱak-	branch	Old Armenian ճիւղ (čiwł), Lithuanian šaka, Latvian saka, Sanskrit śākhā, Russian сук (suk), соха (sóxa), Albanian thekë, Gothic hōha, Kamviri coa, Old Prussian sagnis, Irish gēc/gēag, German huohili/ , Persian /šāxe(h)
*kel-	glue	Ancient Greek kolla, Lithuanian klijai, Russian клей (klej), Polish klej, Slovak glej
*wréh₂ds	root	Russian вред (vred), English wyrt/wort, German wirz/Wurz, Latin rādīx, Ancient Greek rhiza, Albanian rrënjë/rrânzë, Welsh gwraidd, Irish frém/fréamh, Gothic vaurts, Old Norse urt, Kurdish rîş/reh, Tocharian /witsako, Persian /riše(h), Pashto wulëi

Flora

Root	Meaning	Derivatives
*h₂ebl-	apple	Lithuanian obuolỹs, Latvian ābols, Old Prussian woble, Old English æppel English apple, Old High German apful German Apfel, Old Norse epli, Russian яблоко (jábloko) Polish jabłko, Slovak jablko, Old Irish uball/ubhall, Welsh afal, Gaulish avallo, Old Church Slavonic аблъко (ablŭko)
*h₂eyǵ-	oak	Lithuanian ąžuolas, Latin aesculus, Ancient Greek krataigos/, Old Norse eik, Old English āc English oak, Old High German German eihha German Eiche, Latvian o(uo)zo(uo)ls
*h₂epsa	aspen	English Old English æspe English aspen, German aspa/Espe, Old Norse ǫsp, Lithuanian epušė, Latvian apses, Old Prussian abse, Ancient Greek aspris/
*h₂er-	nut	Russian орех (oréx), Albanian arrë, Ancient Greek arna, Polish orzech, Slovak orech
*bʰeh₂go-	beech	German buohha/Buche, Latin fāgus, Ancient Greek phugos, English bēce/beech, Old Norse bók, Gaulish Bāgācon, Russian бузина (buziná), Polish buk, Slovak buk
*bʰereǵ-	birch	Russian берёза (berëza), Lithuanian beržas, Latvian bērzs, Ossetian bärz, Sanskrit bhūrjas, German birihha/Birke, Old Norse bjǫrk, Latin frāxinus, Old Prussian berse, English birce/birch, Thracian berzas, Old Church Slavonic breza, Old Armenian բարտի (barti), Polish brzoza, Slovak breza
*ǵʰeluna	pine	Ancient Greek kheilos, Old Armenian ձեղուն (jełun), Old Norse giolnar
*grabʰ-	hornbeam/oak	Russian граб (grab), Lithuanian skroblas, Latvian skābardis, Umbrian Graboui, Ancient Macedonian grabion, Albanian krrabe grabuje, Polish grab, Slovak hrab
*ḱalam-	reed	Ancient Greek kalamos, Tocharian kulmãṃts/, Latin culmus, English healm/haulm, Latvian salms, Old Prussian salme, Russian солома (solóma), Old Norse halmr, German halm/Halm, Albanian kallam
*ḱermus-	cherry	Ancient Greek kerasos/keradion, Lithuanian šermukšlė (modern: šermukšnis), Latvian cērmaukša, Russian черемуха (čerëmuxa), Albanian qershi, Polish czereśnia, Slovak čerešňa
*klen-	maple	Russian клён (klën), Old Norse hlynr, Lithuanian klevas, Latvian kļava, Ancient Macedonian klinotrokhon, English hlin/linn, Welsh kelyn, Polish klon, Slovak klen
*koyno-	grass	Ancient Greek koina, Old Armenian խոտ (xot), Lithuanian šienas, Latvian siens, Russian сено (séno), Polish siano, Slovak seno
*koslo-	hazel	Lithuanian kasulas, English hæsel/hazel, Old Norse hasl, German hasal/Hasel, Latin corulus, Irish coll/coll, Welsh collen
*krem-	onion	Ancient Greek kremuon, Irish crem/creamh, English hramsan/ramson, Lithuanian kermušė, Latvian cermauksis, Russian черемша (čeremšá), Welsh craf, Albanian koromidhe
*mor-	blackberry	Ancient Greek moron, Old Armenian մոր (mor), Latin mōrum, Slovak moruša, Hittite muri, Irish smér/smeur, Welsh mwyaren
*eh₃g-	berry	Tocharian oko/oko, Lithuanian uoga, Latvian oga, Old Church Slavonic agoda, Russian ягода (jágoda), Gothic akran, Old Norse akarn, German ēker/Ecker, English æcern/acorn, Irish áirne/, Welsh aeron, Polish jagoda, Slovak jahoda
*h₃el-	alder	Latin alnus, Lithuanian alksnis, Latvian elksnis, Bulgarian елша (élša), Russian ольха (ol’xá), Ancient Macedonian aliza, Old Norse alr, German elira/Erle, English alor/alder, Old Prussian aliskande, Gaulish alisa, Hittite alanzan, Polish olcha,
*h₃es-	ash	Lithuanian uosis, Latvian osis, Russian осина (osína), German asc/Esche, English æsc/ash, Latin ornus, Old Prussian woasis, Old Norse askr, Welsh onnen, Albanian ah, Old Armenian հացի (hacʻi), Ancient Greek akherōis/, Polish jesion, Slovak jelša
*perkʷu-	oak	Lithuanian perkūnas ("thunder"), Latvian pērkons, Sanskrit parkatī, Latin quercus, Old Norse fura, English furh/fir, German foraha/Föhre, Welsh perth, Gothic faírguni
*rap-	turnip	Russian репа (répa), Lithuanian ropė, German raba/Rübe, Latin rapum, Ancient Greek rhapus, Old Church Slavonic repa, Polish rzepa, Slovak repa
*winǵʰ-	elm	Albanian vidh, Russian вяз (vjaz), Lithuanian vinkšna, Latvian vilksna, English wice/Wych Elm, Kurdish viz, Polish wiąz

Insects

Root	Meaning	Derivatives
*morwi-	ant	Old Church Slavonic mravie, Irish moirb/, Avestan maoiri, Sanskrit vamra, Latin formīca, Ancient Greek murmēs, Old Norse maurr, Crimean Gothic miera, Dutch /mier, Old Armenian մրջիւն (mrǰiwn), Kurdish mûrî/morî, Polish mrówka, Slovak mravec, Albanian morr, Persian /murče; mur, Russian муравей (muravéj), Tocharian /warme
*bʰey-	bee	English bēo/bee, Lithuanian bitė, Latvian bite, Irish bech/bech, Russian пчела (pčelá), Latin fūcus, German bīa/Biene, Polish pszczoła, Slovak včela, Albanian bletë, Old Prussian bitte, Welsh begegyr, Gaulish bekos, Old Norse bý, Old Church Slavonic bŭčela
*wobs-	wasp	Lithuanian vapsva, Latin vespa, English wæps/wasp, Russian оса (osá), Avestan vawžaka, German wafsa/Wespe, Kamviri ušpik, Old Church Slavonic vosa, Irish foich/, Old Prussian wobse, Polish osa, Slovak osa, Albanian anza
*mu-	fly	Lithuanian musė, Latvian muša, Latin musca, Russian муха (múxa), Slovak mucha, German mucka/Mücke, English mycg/midge, Albanian mizë, Ancient Greek muia, Old Armenian մուն (mun), Kurdish mêş, Kashmiri ma.čh, Polish mucha, Old Norse mý, Persian /magas, Old Prussian muso, Pashto mëch
*p/blow-	flea	Lithuanian blusa, Latvian blusa, Russian блоха (bloxá), Polish pchła, Slovak blcha, Old Armenian լու (lu), Sanskrit pluṣi, Ancient Greek psulla, Albanian plesht, Latin pūlex, Old Norse flo, English flēah/flea, German flōh/Floh, Pashto vraža/vraga
*knid-	louse	Russian гнида (gnída), Slovak hnida, Latvian gnida, Welsh nedd, German hniz/Nisse, Ancient Greek konis, Albanian thërijë/thëni, Old Armenian անիծ (anic), Irish /sned, English hnitu/nit
*luH-	louse	Lithuanian liulė, Welsh llau, English lūs/louse, German lūs/Laus, Old Norse lús
*kʷr̥mis	grub	Sanskrit kṛmi, Lithuanian kirmis (modern: kirminas, kirmėlė), Latvian cērme, Albanian krimb/krymb, Irish cruim/, Old Church Slavonic čermnyi, Russian червь (červ’), Welsh pryf, Ossetian kalm, Persian /kirm, Kurdish kurm, Old Prussian girmis, Polish czerw, Slovak červ
*wr̥mi-	worm	Gothic waurms, English wyrm/worm, Old Armenian որդն (ordn), Latin vermis, Old Church Slavonic vermie, Lithuanian varmas, Welsh gwraint, Ancient Greek rhomos, German wurm/Wurm, Old Norse ormr, Old Prussian wormyan

Marine animals

Root	Meaning	Derivatives
*dʰǵʰu-	fish	Lithuanian žuvis, Latvian zivs, Old Armenian ձուկն (jukn), Ancient Greek ikhthus, Old Prussian suckis
*pisḱ-	fish	Latin piscis, Irish íasc/iasc, Gothic fisks, Old Norse fiskr, English fisc/fish, German fisc/Fisch, Russian пескарь (peskár’), Polish piskorz, Welsh pysgodyn, Albanian peshk
*laks-	salmon	Tocharian laks/läks, Old Norse lax, Lithuanian lašiša, Latvian lasis, Russian лосось (losós’), Polish łosoś, Slovak losos, German lahs/Lachs, English leax/--, Old Prussian lalasso
*h₂engwi-	eel	Latin anguilla, Lithuanian ungurys, German angar/Engerling, Russian угорь (úgor’), Ancient Greek egkhelus, Old Prussian angurgis, Albanian ngjale, Polish węgorz, Slovak úhor
*ḱon-	shell	Ancient Greek kogkhos, Latin conguius, Sanskrit शङ्ख (śaṅkha)

Birds

Root	Meaning	Derivatives
*h₂éwis	bird	Latin avis, Avestan vīš, Sanskrit vis, Old Armenian հաւ (haw), Welsh hwyad, Ancient Greek aetos, oiōn, Lithuanian višta, Latvian vista, Umbrian avif, Irish /aoi
*h₃er-	eagle	German arn/Aar, Old Armenian որոր (oror), ուրուր (urur), English earn/erne, Ancient Greek orneon, Russian орёл (orël), Lithuanian erelis, Latvian ērglis, Hittite ḫaran, Polish orzeł, Slovak orol, Welsh eryr, Old Norse ari, Gothic ara, Albanian orë orle, Old Prussian arelis, Irish irar/
*ḱoro-	crow	Albanian sorrë, Lithuanian šarka, Ancient Greek koraks, Latin cornīx, Old Church Slavonic soraka, Russian сорока (soróka), Sanskrit शरि (śari), Umbrian curnāco, Pashto kaarghë, Waziri lagëra, Polish sroka, Slovak straka
*worn-	raven	Lithuanian varnas, Russian ворона (voróna), Tocharian --/wrauña, Pashto wraagh, Polish wrona, Slovak vrana
*trosdos	thrush	Lithuanian strazdas, Latvian strazds, Russian дрозд (drozd), Old Norse þrǫstr, English þrysce/thrush, German thrōskala/Drossel, Irish truit/truid, Latin turdus, Welsh drudwy, Old Church Slavonic drozgu, Ancient Greek strouthos, Polish drozd, Slovak drozd
*h₂eneti-	duck	Lithuanian antis, Latin anas, Sanskrit ātis, Russian утка (útka), German anut/Ente, English ened/--, Old Norse ǫnd, Old Prussian antis, Ancient Greek nēssa/, Pashto hilëi
*ǵʰans-	goose	Ancient Greek khēn, Sanskrit हंस (haṃsa) (gander, goose, swan), Latin ānser, Irish géiss/, English gōs/goose, Russian гусь (gus’), Lithuanian žąsis (earlier variant: žansis), Latvian zoss, German gans/Gans, Old Prussian sansy, Gothic gansus, Old Norse gás, Avestan zā, Polish gęś, Slovak hus, Persian /ġāz
*teter-	grouse	Russian тетерев (téterev), Lithuanian teterva, Latvian teteris, Sanskrit तित्तिर (tittira) (partridge), Ancient Greek tetraōn, Irish tethra/, Old Norse þiðurr, Old Armenian տատրակ (tatrak), Old Prussian tatarwis, Persian /tadarv, Polish cietrzew, tetrov
*spergʷʰ-	sparrow	German sperk/sperling, English spearwa/sparrow, Gothic sparwa, Old Norse spǫrr, Tocharian ṣpār/ṣpāra-, Ancient Greek sparasion, Latin parra, Old Prussian spurglis, Persian /parasto, Umbrian parfam, Irish serriach/
*ger-	crane	Kurdish quling, Ancient Greek geranos, Latin grūs, Old Armenian կռունկ (kṙunk), German krano/Kranich, English cran/crane, Lithuanian gervė, Latvian dzerwe, Old Prussian gerwe, Russian журавль (žurávl’), Welsh garan, Old Norse trana, Pashto zaaṇëi, Albanian curan, Polish żuraw, Slovak žeriav
*nisdós	nest	Russian гнездо (gnezdó), English nest/nest, Old Armenian նիստ (nist), Latin nīdus, Sanskrit नीड (nīḍa), Irish net/net, German nest/Nest, Polish gniazdo, Slovak hniezdo, Old Church Slavonic gnĕzdo, Welsh nyth, Lithuanian lizdas, Pashto dzaala/mandzola

Land animals

Root	Meaning	Derivatives
*h₁eǵʰi-	hedgehog	Russian ёж (ëž), Lithuanian ežys, Latvian ezis, Phrygian eksis, Ancient Greek ekhinos, German igil/Igel, Old Armenian ոզնի (ozni), English igil/--, Old Norse ígul, Kurdish jûjî, Ossetian wyzyn, Polish jeż, Slovak jež, Phrygian eksis, Albanian esh, Pashto zižgai
*h₁epero-	boar	Kurdish beraz, Lithuanian Vepriai, Latvian vepris, German ebur/Eber, English eofor/--, Latin aper; vepres, Russian вепрь (vepr’), Sanskrit vapati, Umbrian apruf, Old Prussian Weppren, Thracian ebros, Old Norse jǫfurr, Polish wieprz, Czech vepř
*gʰelōw-	tortoise	Ancient Greek khelōnē, Kurdish kisel, Old Church Slavonic želŭvĭ, Russian желвь (želv’), Lithuanian želvė, Polish żółw, Czech želva
*ǵʰwer-	beast	Old Church Slavonic zvĕrĭ, Russian зверь (zver’), Lithuanian žvėris, Latvian zvērs, Latin ferus, Ancient Greek thēr, Polish zwierz, Slovak zver, Old Prussian swīrins, Tocharian śaru/śerwe, Pashto tsaarwai
*léwks	lynx	Ancient Greek lugks, Lithuanian lūšis, Latvian lusis, Old Prussian luysis, German luhs/Luchs, English lox/--, Russian рысь (rys’), Old Armenian լուսանունք (lusanunkʻ), Irish lug/, Polish ryś, Slovak rys
*muHs-	mouse	Sanskrit mūṣ, Avestan mus, Latin mūs, Ancient Greek mūs, Russian мышь (myš’), Old Armenian մուկն (mukn), Albanian mi, German mus/Maus, English mūs/mouse, Kamviri musa, Persian /muš, Old Norse mús, Polish mysz, Slovak myš, Kurdish mişk, Old Church Slavonic mŭšĭ, Pashto mužak/mugak
*neHtr-	snake	Latin natrix, English nǣddre/adder, German natara/Natter, Welsh neidr, Gothic nadrs, Old Norse naðr, Irish nathir/nathair, Pashto nattëka
*h₂ŕ̥tḱos	bear	Ancient Greek arktos, Latin ursus, Sanskrit ṛkṣa, Persian /xers, Old Armenian արջ (arǰ), Gaulish Artos, Albanian ari, Kamviri ic, Ossetian ærs, Welsh arth, Avestan aršam, Kurdish hirç, Hittite ḫartagga, Pashto iž/ig
*(s)táwros	bison	Avestan staora, Gothic stiur, Lithuanian tauras, Latvian tauriņš, Ancient Greek tauros, Latin taurus, Gaulish Tarbos, Old Church Slavonic turu, Russian тур (tur), English steor/steer, German stior/Stier, Old Prussian tauris, Welsh tarw, Old Norse stjórr, Oscan turuf, Albanian taroç tauk, Irish tarb/, Polish tur, Slovak tur
*udr-	otter	Sanskrit udra, Avestan udra, ūdra/udris, Lithuanian ūdra, Russian выдра (výdra), Ancient Greek hudros, English oter/otter, German ottar/Otter, Old Norse otr, Latin lutra, Irish /odar; uydr/; odoirne/, Polish wydra, Slovak vydra, Old Church Slavonic vydra, Ossetian wyrd/, Albanian lundra
*wayl-	wolf	Old Armenian գայլ (gayl), Irish fáel/faol
*wewer-	squirrel	Latin vīverra, Welsh gwywer, Russian веверица (véverica), Lithuanian voverė, Latvian vāvere, Persian /varvarah, Old Norse íkorni, German eihhurno/Eichhorn, English ācweorna/--, Polish wiewiórka, Slovak veverica, Old Prussian weware
*wĺ̥kʷos	wolf	Lithuanian vilkas, Latvian vilks, English wulf/wolf, Gaulish vail, Latin lupus, German wolf/Wolf, Ancient Greek lukos, Albanian ujk;ulk, Sanskrit vṛka, Avestan vehrka-, Tocharian --/walkwe, Persian varka/gorg, Old Prussian wilkis, Gothic wulfs, Old Norse úlfr, Old Church Slavonic vlĭkŭ, Russian волк (volk), Polish wilk, Slovak vlk, Kurdish/Zazaki gurg/verg, Luwian walwa, Welsh gweilgi, Pashto lewë
*wl̥peh₁-	fox	Avestan urupis, Kurdish rovî, Persian /rōbāh, Old Armenian աղուէս (ałuēs), Ancient Greek alōpēks, Latin vulpis, Lithuanian lapė, Latvian lapsa

Domestic animals

Root	Meaning	Derivatives
*ḱwṓ	dog	Ancient Greek kuōn/, Old Armenian շուն (šun), Phrygian kunes, Tocharian ku/ku, Gaulish cuna, Latin canis, English hund/hound, Russian сука (súka), German hunt/Hund, Kashmiri hūn, Lithuanian šuo (singular accusative: šunį), Latvian suns, Old Prussian sunis, Thracian dinu-, Gothic hunds, Old Norse hundr, Welsh ci, Irish cū/cú, Hittite śuwanis, Lydian kan-, Dacian kinu-, Albanian shakë, qen,qan, Persian /sag, Sanskrit śvan, Avestan spā, Pashto spai, Ormuri spëk, Polish suka
*h₁éḱwos	horse	Latin equus, Tocharian yuk/yakwe, Gaulish epos, Ancient Greek hippos, Sanskrit aśva, Avestan asva-, Lithuanian ašva, Old Prussian aswinan, Kamviri ušpa, English eoh/--, German ehwaz/--, Gothic aiƕtundi, Old Norse iór, Kurdish hesp, Hittite aśuwas, Old Armenian էշ (ēš), Welsh ebol, Irish ech/each, Thracian esvas, Lycian esbe-, Luwian 𒊍𒍪𒉿𒀸 (azzuwas), Phrygian es', Persian aspa/asb, Ossetian jæfs/æfsæ, Venetic ekvon, Pashto aas
*marko-	horse	Gaulish markan, Irish marc/marcach, Welsh march, English mere/mare, German marah/Mähre, Old Norse marr
*h₂eǵʰ-	plough animal	Old Armenian եզն (ezn), Irish ag/agh, Welsh ewig, Sanskrit ahī, Avestan azī
*gʷṓws	cow/bull	Sanskrit gaus, Avestan gáus, Latvian govs, Russian говядо (govjádo), Slovak hovädo, Tocharian ko/keŭ, Old Armenian կով (kov), English cū/cow, Albanian kau;bull, Umbrian bum, Ancient Greek bous, Irish bó/bó, Welsh buw, German kuo/Kuh, Kamviri go, Kashmiri gāv, Persian --/gāv, Oscan buv-, Old Norse kú, Ossetian gal/ Thracian bonassos, Pashto ghwa/ghoyai, Kurdish ga
*leh₃p-	cow	Albanian lopë, Irish lāeg, Welsh llo
*uksin-	ox, bull	English oxa/ox, German ohso/Ochse, Gothic auhsa, Gothic ych(?), Old Norse oxi, Sanskrit ukṣan, Avestan uxšan
*su-	swine	Latin sūs, English sū/sow, Latvian sivēns, Russian свин (svin), Sanskrit sūkara, Albanian thi, Ancient Greek hus, German sū/Sau, Tocharian --/suwo, Irish socc/, Welsh hwch, Polish świnia, Slovak sviňa, Umbrian sif, Old Norse sýr, Gothic swein, Avestan hū
*pórḱos	farrow	Ancient Greek porkos, Latin porcus, Lithuanian paršas, Old Prussian parstian, Russian порося (porosjá), English fearh/farrow, Irish orc/, German farah/Ferkel, Umbrian purka, Kurdish purs, Saka pāsa, Gaulish orko, Polish prosię, Slovak prasa
*h₂eǵ-	goat	Sanskrit aja, Persian /azg, Lithuanian ožys, Latvian āzis, Irish ag/agh, Old Church Slavonic jazno, Russian язь (jaz’), Old Prussian wosux, Albanian dhi
*h₂eyǵ-	goat	Sanskrit eḍa, Avestan izaēna, Old Armenian այծ (ayc), Ancient Greek aiks, Albanian kec
*kapro-	goat	Sanskrit kapṛtha, Ancient Greek kapros, Latin caper, Umbrian kabru, Gaulish cabros, Irish gabor/, Welsh gafr, Old Norse hafr, English hæfer/, German habaro/Haber, Albanian kaproll, Polish cap, Slovak cap
*bʰuHgos-	goat	Kurdish biz-, Avestan būza., Persian /buz, Old Armenian բուծ (buc), Irish bocc/boc, Welsh bwch, Old Norse bukkr, English buc/buck, German boc/Bock, Pashto wuza/buza
*gʰaydos	goat	Latin haedus, Gothic gaits, German geiz/Geiss, Old Norse geit, English gāt/goat
*h₁er-	goat	Old Armenian որոճ (oroč), Lithuanian ėriukas (old: ėras), Latvian jērs, Old Prussian eristian, Latin ariēs, Umbrian erietu, Irish heirp/earb, Ancient Greek eriphos, German irah/, Old Church Slavonic jarina
*h₂ówis	sheep	Latin ovis, Russian овца (ovcá), Lithuanian avis, Latvian avs, Sanskrit avika, English ēowu/ewe, German ouwi/Aue, Gothic awēþi, Old Norse ǽr, Ancient Greek ois, Irish ói/, Hittite ḫawi, Luwian ḫāwi-, Welsh ewig, Tocharian --/āuw, Old Armenian հովիւ (hoviw), Polish owca, Slovak ovca, Umbrian uvem, Old Prussian awins, Lycian xabwa
*wer-	ram	Sanskrit uraṇa, Old Armenian գառն (gaṙn), Persian /barra, Ancient Greek arnion, Latin vervēx, Irish felb/, Tocharian /yrīye, Old Norse vara, English waru/ware, German /Ware, Slovak baran
*h₂egʷnós	lamb	Latin agnus, Russian ягнёнок (jagnjónok), Old Church Slavonic агнѧ (agnę), Ancient Greek ἀμνός (amnós), Irish úan/uan, English ēanian/yean, Welsh oen, Umbrian [script needed] (habina), Polish jagnię, Slovak jahňa
*kat-	cub	Latin catulus, Umbrian katel, Russian котиться (kotít’sja), Slovak kotiť sa (meaning 'delivering cubs), Old Norse haðna, Irish cadla/

Animal products

Root	Meaning	Derivatives
*h₂ōwyóm	egg	Latin ōvum, Ancient Greek ōion, Russian яйцо (jajcó), German ei/Ei, English ǣg/Cockney, Welsh ŵy, Albanian ve;vo, Old Norse egg, Crimean Gothic ada, Old Armenian ձու (ju), Kurdish hêk, Persian /xāyah, Old Church Slavonic ajĭse, Pashto hagëi, Waneci hoya, Ormuri wonkʰ, Polish jajo
*melit-	honey	Ancient Greek meli (genitive: melitos), Old Armenian մեղր (mełr), Albanian mjaltë, Latin mel, Gaulish Melissus, Irish mil/, Gothic miliþ, English mildēaw/mildew, German milltou/Mehltau, Welsh mêl, Hittite milit, Luwian mallit-, Palaic malit-
*medʰu	mead	Sanskrit madhu, Russian мёд (mëd), Lithuanian medus, Latvian medus, English meodu/mead, Ancient Greek methu, Avestan maðu, Kamviri mura, Kashmiri mäch, Polish miód, Welsh medd, Tocharian mit, German metu/Met, Old Norse mjǫðr, Old Church Slavonic medŭ, Irish mid/, Old Prussian meddo, Latin medus, Ossetian mydy, Luwian maddu-
*glag-	milk	Ancient Greek gala (genitive: galaktos), Latin lac, Hittite galank, Kamviri zu
*ksweyd-	milk	Lithuanian sviestas, Latvian sviests, Sanskrit kṣvidyati, Avestan xšvīd, Pashto shode, Waneci shuë
*selp-	butter	Tocharian ṣälyp/ṣalype, Ancient Greek helpos, Hittite salpa-, Albanian gjalpë, Sanskrit sarpis, English sealf/salve, Ossetian carv/, Persian /čarbi, German salba/Salbe, Gothic salbon
*suro-	cheese	Lithuanian sūris, Russian сыр (syr), Old Norse surr, Albanian hirrë;gjize, Polish ser, Latvian siers
*smérus	grease	Irish smiur/, Ancient Greek smuris, German smero/Schmer, Welsh mer, English smerian/smear, Tocharian /ṣmare, Latin medulla, Lithuanian smarsas, Old Norse smjǫr, Gothic smaírþr, Polish smar
*moysos	hide	Lithuanian maišas, Latvian maiss, Sanskrit meṣa, Avestan maēša, Old Norse meiss, Russian мех (mex), German meissa, Old Prussian moasis, Albanian meshinë
*wel-	wool	English wull/wool, German wolla/Wolle, Old Norse ull, Gothic wulla, Sanskrit ūrṇā, Avestan varənā, Ancient Greek lēnos, Latin lāna, Old Church Slavonic vlŭna, Russian волна (volná), Lithuanian vilna, Latvian vilna, Welsh gwlan, Hittite hulana, Old Prussian wilnis, Persian /gurs, Irish olan/, Pashto warrëi, Polish wełna
*ḱern-	horn	Russian серна (sérna), Latin cervus; cornūs, English horn/horn, Sanskrit śiras, Avestan srvā, Ancient Greek keras, Welsh corn, Kamviri ṣiṅ, German horn/Horn, Gothic haurn, Old Norse horn, Hittite karawar, Ossetian sykha/, Old Armenian սար (sar), Lithuanian širšė, Latvian sirsis, Old Prussian sirwis, Albanian sorkadh; ka, Russian корова (koróva), Gaulish karnuks, Irish corn/corn, Persian /šāx, Polish krowa, Pashto škar/khkar
*keh₂r-	wax	Ancient Greek kēros, Lithuanian korys, Latvian kāre, Latin cēra
*rewgʰmen-	cream	Lithuanian rūgti, Latvian raugs, Avestan raoġna, Persian /roġān, Old Norse rjúmi, English rēam/ream, German roum/Rahm

Vegetable food

Root	Meaning	Derivatives
*ǵr̥Hnom	corn	Latin grānum, Irish grán/grán, Russian зерно (zernó), Lithuanian žirnis, Latvian zirnis, German kerno/Korn, Welsh grawn, English corn/corn, Old Prussian syrne, Old Norse korn, Old Church Slavonic zrĭno., Gothic kaúrn, Polish ziarno
*pel-	flour	Old Prussian pelwo, Latin palea, Sanskrit palāla, Lithuanian pelai, Latvian pelus, Russian полова (polóva)
*bʰares	spelt	Phrygian brisa, Latin farina, English bærlic/barley, Old Church Slavonic brašĭno, Oscan far, Umbrian far, Welsh bara, Gothic barizīns, Old Norse barr
*puHr-	wheat	Sanskrit pūra, Ancient Greek puros/, Lithuanian pūras, Latvian pūri, Old Prussian pure, Old Church Slavonic pyre, English fyrs/furze, Russian пырей (pyréj)
*wrugʰyo-	rye	Lithuanian rugys, Latvian rudzi, Russian рожь (rož’), Old Norse rugr, English ryge/rye, German roggo/Roggen, Old Prussian rugis
*h₂elbʰit-	barley	Albanian elb, Ancient Greek alphi/, Pashto orbëshe, Wakhi arbəsi
*gʰersdʰ-	barley	Latin hordeum, German gersta/Gerste, English gerst/--, Albanian drithë, Ancient Greek kri
*yewo-	barley	Sanskrit yava, Lithuanian javai, Latvian jauja, Avestan yava, Russian овин (ovín), Ancient Greek zeiai/, Persian /jav, Hittite ewa, Irish eorna/, Ossetian jæw
*h₂ewiǵ-	oats	Lithuanian aviža, Latvian auza, Russian овёс (ovës), Latin avēna, Ancient Greek aigilōps/, Old Prussian wyse, Old Church Slavonic ovĭsŭ, Polish owies
*bʰabʰeh₂-	bean	Latin faba, Old Prussian babo, Russian боб (bob), Albanian bathë, German bona/Bohne, English bēan/bean, Welsh ffâen, Old Norse baun, Polish bób
*h₁eregwo-	pea	Ancient Greek orobos, Irish orbaind/, Latin ervum, German arawīz/Erbse, Old Norse ertr
*ḱiker	pea	Latin cicer, Old Armenian սիսեռն (siseṙn), Ancient Greek krios, Lithuanian kekė
*h₂elud-	beer	Lithuanian alus, Latvian alus, English ealu/ale, Old Church Slavonic olŭ, Latin alūmen, Ancient Greek aludoimo/, Old Norse ǫl, Old Prussian alu
*h₂edes-	cereal	Hittite hattar, Latin ador, German azzic/, Gothic atisk, Tocharian āti/atiyo, Avestan āðūfrāðana, Old Armenian հատ (hat)

Other products

Root	Meaning	Derivatives
*h₂eyos	metal	Sanskrit ayas, Latin aes, Umbrian ahesnes, German ēr/Erz, English ār/ore, Avestan ayaṅh, Gothic aiz, Old Norse eir, Gaulish Isarnos, Irish iarn/iarann, Welsh haearn, Persian /āhan
*lino-, *līno-	flax	Ancient Greek linon, Lithuanian linas, Latvian lini, Old Prussian linno, Latin līnum, Irish lín/líon, Albanian liri/lîni, Gothic lein, Polish len, Russian лён (lën), Welsh llin, English lin/linen, German lin/Leinen, Old Norse lín, Old Church Slavonic lĭnŭ
*sal-	salt	Latin sāl, Umbrian salu, Tocharian sāle/sālyiye, Lithuanian saldus ("sweet"), Latvian sāļš, English sealt/salt, Ancient Greek hals, Old Armenian աղ (ał), Irish salann/, Russian соль (sol’), German salz/Salz, Polish sól, Welsh halen, Albanian gjelbson, Old Norse salt, Gothic salt, Old Church Slavonic soli, Old Prussian sal, Sanskrit salila, Illyr. Salapia

Tools

Root	Meaning	Derivatives
*h₂egʷesi	axe	English æx/axe, German ackis/Axt, Albanian sakice, Ancient Greek aksinē, Latin ascia, Old Norse øx, Gothic aqizi
*h₂eyḱ-	spear/pike	Ancient Greek aiklos/, Old Prussian aysmis, Old Church Slavonic igla, Latin īcō, Avestan išarə, Lithuanian iešmas, Latvian iesms, Old Norse eigin, Russian игла (iglá), Polish igła
*h₂erkʷ-	bow	Latin arcus, Albanian hark, Gothic arƕazna, English arwe/arrow, Ancient Greek arkeuthos, Russian ракита (rakíta), Latvian ērkšķis, Old Norse ǫrvar, Umbrian arçlataf
*bak-	staff	Ancient Greek baktēria, Irish bacc/bac, Latin baculum, Welsh bach, Lithuanian bakstelėti, Latvian bakstit
*gweri-	millstone	German quirn/, Old Armenian երկան (erkan), Sanskrit grāvan, Welsh breuan, English cweorn/quern, Old Norse kvern, Irish braó/, Lithuanian girna, Latvian dzirnus, Old Prussian girnoywis, Russian жёрнов (žërnov), Polish żarna
*keg-	hook	Lithuanian kengė, Persian /čang, Irish ailcheng/, Russian коготь (kógot’), English hoc/hook,Albaian çok, Old Norse haki; hǫnk, German hâco/Haken
*kʷel-	wheel/chariot	Ancient Greek kuklos, Tocharian kukäl/kokale, Latin colus, Sanskrit cakra, Russian колесо (kolesó), English hwēol/wheel, Persian čarka/čarx, Irish cul/--, Old Prussian kelan, Ossetian calx/, Polish koło, Avestan čaxra, Albanian sjell, Old Norse hjōl, Luwian kaluti-
*mak-	pouch	Lithuanian maišas, Latvian maks, Irish mén/, Welsh megin, German mago/Magen, English maga/maw, Old Norse magi, Old Church Slavonic mosina, Russian мошна (mošná), Old Prussian dantimax
*mat-	mattock	Sanskrit matya, Russian мотыга (motýga), Latin mateola, German modela, Gaulish matog, Welsh matog, Polish motyka
*naw-	ship	Sanskrit nāu, Irish nau/, Ancient Greek naus, Latin nāvis, Avestan navāza, Persian nāviyā/nav, Old Armenian նաւ (naw), Old Norse nōr, Ossetian nau, Albanian anije, Welsh noe, English nōwend/--
*rot-	wheel	Albanian rrath, Lithuanian ratas, Latvian rats, Gaulish Rotomagus, German rad/Rad, English rodur/, Irish /rath, Latin rota, Sanskrit ratha, Welsh rhod, Avestan raθa, Old Norse rǫðull
*skap-	tool	Russian щепа (ščepá), Lithuanian kapoti, Latvian kaplis, Dutch gereedschap, German skaft/, Ancient Greek skeparnion, Latin capus, Persian /kāfad, Albanian kep, Old Prussian warnaycopo, Old Norse skapt, Old Church Slavonic kopajǫ
*yugóm	yoke	Sanskrit yuj;yunakti, Avestan jug, Latin iūgum, Lithuanian jungas, Latvian jugt, English geoc/yoke, German joh/Joch, Old Norse ok, Gothic juk, Russian иго (ígo), Ancient Greek zugos, Gaulish Veriugodumnus, Kamviri iu, Tocharian yuk/yuk, Welsh iau, Old Armenian լուծ (luc), Persian /yoġ, Hittite iukan, Old Church Slavonic igo

Dwelling

Root	Meaning	Derivatives
*h₂enk-	angle	German ango/, Ossetian ængur, Sanskrit aṅkas, Latin ancus, Lithuanian anka, Latvian āķis, Ancient Greek agkōn, Russian угол (úgol), Old Norse angi, Avestan aṅkupəsəmna, Welsh anghad, Irish ēcath/, Hittite hink
*bʰerǵʰ-	fort	Russian берег (béreg), English burg/borough, Old Norse borg, Old Armenian բարձր (barjr), Sanskrit barhayati, Avestan bərəzant, Gaulish Bergusia, German berg/Burg, Hittite parku, Tocharian pärk/pärk, Welsh bre, Thracian bergas, Gothic baírgahī, Old Norse bjarg, Persian /burz, Irish brí/, Albanian burg, Illyr. Berginium, Ancient Macedonian Berga, Latin fortis, Welsh bera, Lycian prije;pruwa
*bʰruH-	beam, bridge	Gaulish brīva, English brycg/bridge, German brugga/Brücke, Old Norse brú, Russian бревно (brevnó), Old Church Slavonic brĭvŭno
*dṓm	house	Sanskrit dama, Avestan dąm, Ancient Greek domos, Latin domus, Russian дом (dom), English timber/timber, German zimbar/Zimmer, Old Norse timbr, Kamviri Umbrian dâmoa, Old Armenian տուն (tun), Lithuanian namas, Latvian nams, Welsh tŷ, Tocharian tam/täm, Polish dom
*dʰwer-	door	Old Armenian դուռն (duṙn), Russian дверь (dver’), Sanskrit dvār, Avestan dvarəm, Albanian derë, Old Norse dyrr, English duru/door, Gaulish doro, Ancient Greek thura, Lithuanian durys, Latvian durvis, Old Prussian dwaris, Latin fores, Umbrian furo, German tor/Tür, Irish dorus/doras, Tocharian --/twere, Kamviri du, Umbrian furo, Welsh dôr, Gothic daur, Polish drzwi, dwór, Persian duvaraya/dar, Thracian dur, Pashto war, Khosti darra
*gʰrendʰ-	beam	Lithuanian grindys, Latvian grida, Old Norse grind, Latin grunda, Polish grzęda, Russian гряда (grjadá), Kamviri ugṛa, English grindel/, Dutch /grendel, German grindil/
*kant-	corner	Ancient Greek kanthos, Latin cantus, Gaulish kantem, Gothic cant, Russian кут (kut), Polish kąt, Lithuanian kampas, Pashto gutt, Waziri ghužai
*pent-	road	Latin pontis, Ancient Greek pontos, Sanskrit panthā, Avestan pantå, Russian путь (put’), Gothic finþan, English findan/find, German findan/finden, Old Norse finna, Old Armenian հուն (hun), Kamviri put, Old Prussian pintis, Irish /és, Old Church Slavonic pǫtĭ, Persian paθim/
*treb-	dwelling	Latin trabēs, Oscan trííbúm, Umbrian tremnu, Lithuanian troba, Latvian traba, English þorp/thorp, German thorf/Dorf, Ancient Greek teremnon, Welsh treb; tref, Old Norse ðorp; þorp, Gothic þaúrp, Irish díthrub/

Social terms

Root	Meaning	Derivatives
*tewtéh₂	tribe	Gaulish teuto, Oscan touto, Umbrian totam, Old Prussian tauto, Irish túath/túath, Illyr. teuta, Hittite tuzzi, Lycian tuta, Lithuanian tauta, Latvian tauta, English þeod/thede, German diutisc/Deutsch, Gothic þiuda, Old Norse þjóð
*h₁lewdʰ-	people	Lithuanian liaudis, Latvian ļaudis, Russian люд (ljud), Ancient Greek eleutheros, Irish luss/, Latin Līber, Sanskrit rodhati, Avestan raoða, German liut/Leute, Polish lud, Old Norse ljóðr, Albanian lind, Oscan Lúvfreís, Welsh llysiau, Gothic liudan, Old Church Slavonic ljudĭje, English lēod/, Old Prussian ludis
*weyḱ-	village	German weihs/, English -wich, -wick, Lithuanian viešas, Latvian viesis, Russian весь (ves’), Avestan vīs, Albanian vis, Sanskrit viś, Latin vīcus, Ancient Greek oikos, Polish wieś, Old Prussian waispattin, Tocharian /īke, Old Church Slavonic vĭsĭ, Waneci wagëdda
*h₃reǵ-	ruler	Latin rēx, Oscan regaturei, Gaulish Caturīx, Irish ríg/rígh, Welsh rhi, Sanskrit rājan, Avestan raz, Persian /rahst, Ancient Greek oregein, English riht/right, German reht/recht, Old Norse réttr, Gothic raihts, Thracian rhesus, Tocharian räk/räk
*h₂nḗr	power	Welsh nerth, Albanian njer, Latin neriōsus, Sanskrit nar, Luwian anarummi, Lydian nãrś, Lithuanian noras, Russian нрав (nrav), Gaulish Nertobriga, Old Armenian այր (ayr), Ancient Greek anēr, Oscan ner, Umbrian nerf, Irish nert/, Phrygian anar, Persian niru, Polish narów
*yewes	law	Sanskrit yos, Latin iūs, Avestan yaoždaðāiti, Irish huisse/
*peḱu-	wealth/cattle	Latin pecū, Ancient Greek pekō, Lithuanian pekus, Old Prussian pecku, Sanskrit paśu, Avestan pasu, Gothic faihu, English feoh/fee, Albanian pilë, German fihu/vieh, Old Norse fé, Old Armenian ասր (asr)
*misdʰo-	fee	Sanskrit mīḍha, Avestan mīžda, Gothic mizdō, Russian мзда (mzda), Ancient Greek misthos, German mieta/Miete, Persian /muzd, English mēd/meed, Old Church Slavonic mĭzda
*wesno-	price	Sanskrit vasna, Latin vēnus, Ancient Greek hōnos, Old Armenian գին (gin), Hittite uššaniya, Persian væzn (weight)
*ḱat-	battle	Gaulish catu, English heaþu/, German hathu/, Old Church Slavonic kotora, Sanskrit śātayati, Old Norse hoð, Irish cath/cath, Welsh cad, Tocharian /keta
*koro-	war	Lithuanian karas, Latvian kaŗš, Ancient Greek koiranos, Irish cuire/, German heri/Heer, English herebeorg/harbour, Russian кара (kára), Old Norse herr, Gothic harjis, Gaulish Tricorii, Persian kāra/kārzār, Old Prussian kargis, Polish kara
*weyk-	victory	Lithuanian veikti, Latvian veikt, Russian век (vek), Latin vincō, Old Norse veig, German wīgan/--, Irish fichim/, Gaulish Ordovices, Welsh gwych, English wīgan/--, Gothic weihan, Old Church Slavonic vĕkŭ, Old Armenian վէգ (vēg), Latin vincere, Oscan vincter, Polish wiek
*deywós	god, i.e. 'shining'	Sanskrit deva, Avestan daēva, Lithuanian dievas, Latvian dievs, Old Prussian deiws, Latin deus, Oscan diúveí, Umbrian di, Gaulish Dēvona, Welsh duw, Old Irish día, Irish dia, Ancient Greek Zeus, Phrygian tios, Old Church Slavonic divo, Russian диво (dívo), Polish dziw, Kamviri di, English Tiw/Tuesday, German Ziu/--, Old Norse Týr, Gothic Tyz, Lycian ziw, Luwian tiwat-, Lydian Divi-, Palaic tiyaz, Old Armenian տիւ (tiw)
*bel-	power, strength	Sanskrit bāla, Ancient Greek beltiōn, Latin dēbĭlis, Irish adbal/dibeal, Welsh balch, Russian большой (bol’šój), Kamviri bâlim, Phrygian balaios, Old Church Slavonic boljĭjĭ, Low Saxon pal