Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰey-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology 1

Alternative reconstructions

*ǵʰyem- (only if all derivatives in *ǵʰey-m- can be explained as back-formations)

Root

*ǵʰey-^[1]

winter

Reconstruction notes

The existence of this root is uncertain.

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰey- (winter) (17 c, 0 e)

*ǵʰéy-mn̥ ~ *ǵʰi-mén-s
*ǵʰéy-ōm ~ *ǵʰi-m-és

References

^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 286.5

Etymology 2

Root

*ǵʰey-^[1]^[2]

to drive, propel

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰey- (drive) (12 c, 0 e)

*ǵʰéy-t ~ *ǵʰy-ént (athematic aorist)^[2]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háȷ́ʰayt ~ *Háȷ́ʰyant
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Háźʰayt ~ *Háźʰyant
    - Sanskrit: अहेम (áhema, 1pl.act.), अह्यन् (ahyan)
*ǵʰi-néw-ti ~ *ǵʰi-nw-énti (new-present)^[2]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰináwti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰináwti
    - Sanskrit: हिनोति (hinóti)
*ǵʰoy-éye-ti (eye-causative)^[2]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰāyáyati
  - Proto-Iranian: *jāyáyati
    - Avestan: *zāyayaiti
      - ⇒ Younger Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬨𐬌 (frazaiiaiiāmi, 1sg.caus.act.)
*ǵʰéy-mn̥ ~ *ǵʰi-méns
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰáyma
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰáyma
    - Sanskrit: हेमन् m (hemán, “impulse, zeal, driving”)^[3]
  - Proto-Iranian: *jáyma
    - Old Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬨𐬀𐬥 (zaēman)
*ǵʰéy-o-s
*ǵʰó(h₂)y-in-kos
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źṓˀjinkas (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
  - Sanskrit: हि (hi)

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 424-425
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*ĝhei̯-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “hay”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[1] Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 286.5

[2] Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 424-425

[LIV-3] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*ĝhei̯-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN

[4] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “hay”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

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