Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰéymn̥
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Etymology
[edit]May be analysed as a primary derivative *ǵʰey- (“winter”) + *-mn̥ (action or result suffix), but this is unlikely as all derivatives in daughter languages are based on *ǵʰéy-ōm. Thus other possiblilties listed by NIL[1] and Ozoliņš (2015)[2] are:
- *ǵʰéy-ōm + *-mn̥ (secondary men-stem),
- *ǵʰéy-ōm + *-n̥ (secondary n-stem),[3][4][5]
- *ǵʰéy-ōm + *-r̥ (secondary r/n-stem),[6]
- *ǵʰéy-m (loc.sg.) + *én (“in”), a postpositional phrase meaning "in winter", reanalysed as *ǵʰéy-men, the loc.sg. of a men-stem.[2][7][8]
Noun
[edit]*ǵʰéymn̥ n[1][2][3][4][5][6][9]
Inflection
[edit]| Athematic, proterokinetic | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | collective | |||
| nominative | *ǵʰéymn̥ | *ǵʰéymō | ||
| genitive | *ǵʰiméns | *ǵʰym̥nés | ||
| singular | dual | plural | collective | |
| nominative | *ǵʰéymn̥ | *ǵʰéym̥nih₁ | — | *ǵʰéymō |
| vocative | *ǵʰéymn̥ | *ǵʰéym̥nih₁ | — | *ǵʰéymō |
| accusative | *ǵʰéymn̥ | *ǵʰéym̥nih₁ | — | *ǵʰéymō |
| genitive | *ǵʰiméns | *? | — | *ǵʰym̥nés |
| ablative | *ǵʰiméns | *? | — | *ǵʰym̥nés |
| dative | *ǵʰiméney | *? | — | *ǵʰym̥néy |
| locative | *ǵʰimén, *ǵʰiméni | *? | — | *ǵʰimén, *ǵʰiméni |
| instrumental | *ǵʰiménh₁ | *? | — | *ǵʰym̥néh₁ |
Descendants
[edit]- Proto-Anatolian:
- Proto-Albanian: *deimena, *dimena[10]
- Proto-Hellenic: *kʰéimə (< nom.sg. *ǵʰéymn̥), *kʰeimṓn (< nom.col. *ǵʰéymō)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰáyma[11]
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 162-163: “*ĝʰei̯-m-en-”
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Ozoliņš, Kaspars (2015) “Chapter 4 *g̑ʰi̯em- 'Winter'”, in Revisiting Proto-Indo-European Schwebeablaut (PhD doctorate), Los Angeles: University of California, pages 66-79
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “gimm-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 475-476: “n-stem *ǵʰeim-n-”
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “χεῖμα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1619-1620: “*ǵʰeim-en”
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Byrd, Andrew Miles (2015) The Indo-European Syllable (Brill's Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics; 15), Leiden: Brill, page 74
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Rieken, Elisabeth (1999) Untersuchungen zur nominalen Stammbildung des Hethitischen (Studien zu den Boğazköy-Texten; 44)[1] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, , page 362 (as cited by NIL, page 165)
- ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 230
- ^ Nussbaum, Alan J. (1986) Head and Horn in Indo-European (Untersuchungen zur indogermanischen Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaft. NF / Studies in Indo-European Language and Culture. New Series; 2), Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, , →ISBN, page 189
- ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 242: “*ĝheimen-”
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “dimër - dimën”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 66: “IE *ĝheimen-”
- ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “héman”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 226: “Proto-Indo-Iranian: ȷ́ʰáiman; IE form: ǵʰeimen(-)”