Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁er-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₁er-^[1]

to arrive, get somewhere^[2]
to go to, reach^[3]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁er- (10 c, 0 e)

*h₁r̥-sḱé-ti (sḱe-present)^[1]
- Proto-Anatolian:
  - Hittite: [script needed] (āraskizzi)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ἔρχομαι (érkhomai) (or from *h₁ergʰ- (“to mount”))
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥sćáti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hr̥sćáti
    - Sanskrit: ऋच्छति (ṛccháti)
  - Proto-Iranian:
    - Old Persian: 𐎠𐎼𐎿𐎶 (a-r-s-m /⁠ars(s)am⁠/, 1sg.impf.)^[3]
*h₁ér-t ~ *h₁r-ént (athematic aorist)^[1]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: आरत् (ā́rat) (thematized)
  - Proto-Iranian:
    - Old Avestan: 𐬁𐬭𐬆𐬨 (ār^əm, 1sg.)
*h₁e-h₁ór-e ~ *h₁e-h₁r-ḗr (reduplicated perfect)^[1]
- Proto-Anatolian:
  - Hittite: [script needed] (āri)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: आर (ā́ra)
*h₁ér-ti-s ~ *h₁r̥-téy-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥tíš
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hr̥tíṣ
    - Sanskrit: ऋति (ṛtí, ṛ́ti)^[2]

Root

*h₁er-

earth

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁er- (10 c, 0 e)

*h₁ér-teh₂
- Proto-Germanic: *erþō (“earth, ground, soil”) (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Albanian: *ā̆ur(V)n
  - Albanian: varr
- >? Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: érdvė
- Celtic:
  - Welsh: erw (“field”) (or < *h₂erh₃- (“to plow”))
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: *ἔρα (*éra) (in ἔραζε (éraze, “on the ground”) and compounds)
- Proto-Tocharian:
  - Tocharian B: āre^[4]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 238
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “ar [2]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 46-47
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*Har¹ 'to go to(wards), reach'”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 163-165
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “āre”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 52

[LIV-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 238

[IAIL-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “ar [2]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 46-47

[Cheung-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*Har¹ 'to go to(wards), reach'”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 163-165

[4] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “āre”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 52

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁er-

Proto-Indo-European

Root

Derived terms

See also

Root

See also

Derived terms

Further reading

References