Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰes-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*ǵʰes-^[1]^[2]

hand
to take, give in exchange

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰes- (34 c, 0 e)

Descendants

*ǵʰésr̥ ~ *ǵʰs-r-és^[3]^[4]^[2] or *ǵʰés-ōr ~ *ǵʰes-r-és^[2]^[5] or *ǵʰs-ḗr ~ *ǵʰs-r-és^[5]
*ǵʰés-lom (“heap, thousand”)^[2]^[6]^[7]
*ǵʰós-to-s^[8]^[2]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰástas (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *hos-tos
  - Latin: hostus (“the yield of olive from a single pressing”)
*ǵʰós-tu-s
- Proto-Celtic: *gostus
  - ⇒ *ad-gostus (“near”, literally “at hand”) (see there for further descendants)
*ǵʰos-t-i-yo-^[2]
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: pažastìs, pažastė̃, pažastỹs (with pa-, põ, < *h₂pó)
  - Czech: paže
  - Slovak: paže
- Italic:
  - Latin: hostia

References

^ Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, first edition, Oxford: Blackwell
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*g̑ʰes-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 170-172
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “χείρ, χειρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1620-1621
^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “keššar / kiššer- / kišr-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 545-547
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Adams, Douglas Q. (1999) “ṣar*”, in A dictionary of Tocharian B (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “mīlle”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 379-380
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “χίλιοι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page volume-I of 1633-1634
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “hostus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 292

[1] Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, first edition, Oxford: Blackwell

[LIN-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*g̑ʰes-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 170-172

[3] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “χείρ, χειρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1620-1621

[4] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “keššar / kiššer- / kišr-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 545-547

[Adams-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Adams, Douglas Q. (1999) “ṣar*”, in A dictionary of Tocharian B (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN

[6] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “mīlle”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 379-380

[7] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “χίλιοι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page volume-I of 1633-1634

[8] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “hostus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 292

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]