Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰésōr

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

*ǵʰésr̥ ~ *ǵʰs-r-és^[1]^[2]
*ǵʰs-ḗr ~ *ǵʰs-r-és^[3]

Etymology

From *ǵʰes- +‎ *-ōr.

Noun

*ǵʰésōr f^[4]^[3]

hand

Inflection

Athematic, amphikinetic
	singular
nominative	*ǵʰésōr
genitive	*ǵʰsrés
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ǵʰésōr	*ǵʰésorh₁(e)	*ǵʰésores
vocative	*ǵʰésor	*ǵʰésorh₁(e)	*ǵʰésores
accusative	*ǵʰésorm̥	*ǵʰésorh₁(e)	*ǵʰésorm̥s
genitive	*ǵʰsrés	*?	*ǵʰsróHom
ablative	*ǵʰsrés	*?	ǵʰsr̥mós, ǵʰsr̥bʰós
dative	*ǵʰsréy	*?	ǵʰsr̥mós, ǵʰsr̥bʰós
locative	ǵʰsér, ǵʰséri	*?	*ǵʰsr̥sú
instrumental	*ǵʰsréh₁	*?	ǵʰsr̥mís, ǵʰsr̥bʰís

Derived terms

*ǵʰsr-ó-
- *ǵʰr̥s-ó-s (with metathesis)
  - >? Proto-Celtic: *garros (“(calf of the) leg, shank”) (earlier “limb”?)^[5] (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

Proto-Albanian: *dāsrā (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Anatolian: *ǵésōr ~ *ǵsrós (see there for further descendants)
Armenian:
- Old Armenian: ձեռն (jeṙn)
  - → Arabic: زرنوك (zarnūk)
  - Armenian: ձեռք (jeṙkʻ), ձեռ (jeṙ)
Proto-Hellenic: *kʰéhər
- Ancient Greek:
  Aeolic Greek: χέρρ (khérrh, acc.sg.)
  
  Doric Greek: χέρς (khérs), χήρ (khḗr)
  
  Ionic Greek: χείρ (kheír)
- *kʰéhrnikʷs (< + *neygʷ- (“to wash”))
  - Ancient Greek: χέρνιψ (khérnips, “water for washing the hands”)
  - Mycenaean Greek: 𐀐𐀛𐀣 (ke-ni-qa /⁠kʰéhrnigʷa⁠/, acc.sg.) (= χέρνιβα (khérniba))
Proto-Italic: *hezor
- Latin: hir
Proto-Tocharian: *ṣar^[3]
- Tocharian A: tsar
- Tocharian B: ṣar

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “χείρ, χειρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1620-1621
^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “keššar / kiššer- / kišr-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 545-547
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Adams, Douglas Q. (1999) “ṣar*”, in A dictionary of Tocharian B (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN
^ Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*g̑ʰes-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 170-172
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*garrV-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 152

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “χείρ, χειρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1620-1621

[2] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “keššar / kiššer- / kišr-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 545-547

[Adams-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Adams, Douglas Q. (1999) “ṣar*”, in A dictionary of Tocharian B (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN

[LIN-4] Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*g̑ʰes-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 170-172

[5] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*garrV-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 152

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