उषस्

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

উষস্ (Assamese script)
ᬉᬱᬲ᭄ (Balinese script)
উষস্ (Bengali script)
𑰄𑰬𑰭𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀉𑀱𑀲𑁆 (Brahmi script)
ဥၑသ် (Burmese script)
ઉષસ્ (Gujarati script)
ਉਸ਼ਸ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌉𑌷𑌸𑍍 (Grantha script)
ꦈꦰꦱ꧀ (Javanese script)
𑂇𑂭𑂮𑂹 (Kaithi script)
ಉಷಸ್ (Kannada script)
ឧឞស៑ (Khmer script)
ອຸຩສ຺ (Lao script)
ഉഷസ് (Malayalam script)
ᡠᢢᠠᠰ᠌ (Manchu script)
𑘄𑘬𑘭𑘿 (Modi script)
ᠤᢔᠠᠰ (Mongolian script)
𑦤𑧌𑧍𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
𑐄𑐲𑐳𑑂 (Newa script)
ଉଷସ୍ (Odia script)
ꢆꢰꢱ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
𑆇𑆰𑆱𑇀 (Sharada script)
𑖄𑖬𑖭𑖿 (Siddham script)
උෂස් (Sinhalese script)
𑩐𑩒𑪀𑪁 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
𑚄𑚨𑚶 (Takri script)
உஷஸ் (Tamil script)
ఉషస్ (Telugu script)
อุษสฺ (Thai script)
ཨུ་ཥ་ས྄ (Tibetan script)
𑒅𑒭𑒮𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
𑨀𑨃𑨯𑨰𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /u.ʂɐ́s/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /u.ʂɐs̪/

Etymology 1

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Ushas

Wikipedia

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hušā́s (“dawn”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwsōs (“dawn”), which was also personified as a goddess of dawn in Proto-Indo-European religion. Cognate with Avestan 𐬎𐬱𐬀𐬵 (ušah), Latin Aurora/aurora, Ancient Greek Ἠώς (Ēṓs)/ἠώς (ēṓs) and possibly Old English Ēostre (whence English Easter).

Noun

उषस् • (uṣás) stem, f

morning light, dawn, morning (personified as the daughter of heaven and sister of the Ādityas and the night)
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.6.3:
  के॒तुं कृ॒ण्वन्न॑के॒तवे॒ पेशो॑ मर्या अपे॒शसे॑ ।
  सम्उषद्भि॑र्अजायथाः ॥
  ketúṃ kṛṇvánnaketáve péśo maryā apeśáse.
  sámúṣádbhirajāyathāḥ.
  Mortals, you owe your daily awakening, to such an Indra, who with the rays of the morning gives sense to the senseless, and form to the formless.
the evening light
(in the dual) night and morning light, evening light and morning light
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 3.4.6:
  आ भन्द॑माने उ॒षसा॒ उपा॑के उ॒त स्म॑येते त॒न्वा॒३॒॑ विरू॑पे ।
  यथा॑ नो मि॒त्रो वरु॑णो॒ जुजो॑ष॒दिन्द्रो॑ म॒रुत्वाँ॑ उ॒त वा॒ महो॑भिः ॥
  ā́ bhándamāne uṣásā úpāke utá smayete tanvā̀ vírūpe.
  yáthā no mitró váruṇo jújoṣadíndro marútvām̐ utá vā máhobhiḥ.
  May the adored Dawn and Night, combined or separate, be manifest in bodily form, so that Mitra, Varuṇa and Indra attended by the Maruts, may rejoice us by their glories.

Declension

Feminine as-stem declension of उषस्
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	उषाः (uṣā́ḥ)	उषासौ (uṣā́sau) उषसा (uṣásā) उषासा (uṣā́sā)	उषासः (uṣā́saḥ) उषसः (uṣásaḥ)
vocative	उषः (úṣaḥ)	उषासौ (úṣāsau) उषसा (úṣasā) उषासा (úṣāsā)	उषासः (úṣāsaḥ) उषसः (úṣasaḥ)
accusative	उषसम् (uṣásam) उषासम् (uṣā́sam) उषाम् (uṣā́m)	उषासौ (uṣā́sau) उषसा (uṣásā) उषासा (uṣā́sā)	उषसः (uṣásaḥ) उषः (uṣáḥ)
instrumental	उषसा (uṣásā)	उषद्भ्याम् (uṣádbhyām) उषोभ्याम् (uṣóbhyām)	उषद्भिः (uṣádbhiḥ) उषोभिः (uṣóbhiḥ)
dative	उषसे (uṣáse)	उषद्भ्याम् (uṣádbhyām) उषोभ्याम् (uṣóbhyām)	उषद्भिः (uṣádbhiḥ) उषोभिः (uṣóbhiḥ)
ablative	उषसः (uṣásaḥ) उषः (uṣáḥ)	उषद्भ्याम् (uṣádbhyām) उषोभ्याम् (uṣóbhyām)	उषद्भिः (uṣádbhiḥ) उषोभिः (uṣóbhiḥ)
genitive	उषसः (uṣásaḥ) उषः (uṣáḥ)	उषसोः (uṣásoḥ)	उषसाम् (uṣásām)
locative	उषसि (uṣási)	उषसोः (uṣásoḥ)	उषःसु (uṣáḥsu)

Derived terms

औषस (auṣasá, “relating to the dawn, matutinal”)
उषस्य (uṣasyà, “dedicated to the dawn”)

Related terms

उष् (úṣ, archaic weak stem)
उषा (uṣā́)

Proper noun

उषस् • (uṣás) stem, f

(Vedic religion, Hinduism) Ushas, personification of dawn, one of the children of Aditi and sister of Ratri
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.48.5:
  आ घा॒ योषे॑व सू॒नरी॑उषा या॑ति प्रभुञ्ज॒ती ।
  ज॒रय॑न्ती॒ वृज॑नं प॒द्वदी॑यत॒ उत्पा॑तयति प॒क्षिणः॑ ॥
  ā́ ghā yóṣeva sūnárīuṣā yāti prabhuñjatī́.
  jaráyantī vṛ́janaṃ padvádīyata útpātayati pakṣíṇaḥ.
  Like a good matron Uṣas comes carefully tending everything:
  Rousing all life she stirs all creatures that have feet, and makes the birds of air fly up.
name of a wife of Bhava or Rudra

Declension

Feminine as-stem declension of उषस्
	singular
nominative	उषाः (uṣā́ḥ)
vocative	उषः (úṣaḥ)
accusative	उषसम् (uṣásam) उषासम् (uṣā́sam) उषाम् (uṣā́m)
instrumental	उषसा (uṣásā)
dative	उषसे (uṣáse)
ablative	उषसः (uṣásaḥ) उषः (uṣáḥ)
genitive	उषसः (uṣásaḥ) उषः (uṣáḥ)
locative	उषसि (uṣási)

Noun

उषस् • (uṣas) stem, n

daybreak, dawn, twilight

Declension

Neuter as-stem declension of उषस्
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	उषः (uṣaḥ)	उषसी (uṣasī)	उषांसि (uṣāṃsi)
vocative	उषः (uṣaḥ)	उषसी (uṣasī)	उषांसि (uṣāṃsi)
accusative	उषः (uṣaḥ)	उषसी (uṣasī)	उषांसि (uṣāṃsi)
instrumental	उषसा (uṣasā)	उषोभ्याम् (uṣobhyām)	उषोभिः (uṣobhiḥ)
dative	उषसे (uṣase)	उषोभ्याम् (uṣobhyām)	उषोभ्यः (uṣobhyaḥ)
ablative	उषसः (uṣasaḥ)	उषोभ्याम् (uṣobhyām)	उषोभ्यः (uṣobhyaḥ)
genitive	उषसः (uṣasaḥ)	उषसोः (uṣasoḥ)	उषसाम् (uṣasām)
locative	उषसि (uṣasi)	उषसोः (uṣasoḥ)	उषःसु (uṣaḥsu)

Etymology 2

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Not attested in etymological dictionaries. Seems to be ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓws (“ear”).”

Noun

उषस् • (uṣas) stem, n

the outer passage of the ear (L.)

Declension

Neuter as-stem declension of उषस्
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	उषः (uṣaḥ)	उषसी (uṣasī)	उषांसि (uṣāṃsi)
vocative	उषः (uṣaḥ)	उषसी (uṣasī)	उषांसि (uṣāṃsi)
accusative	उषः (uṣaḥ)	उषसी (uṣasī)	उषांसि (uṣāṃsi)
instrumental	उषसा (uṣasā)	उषोभ्याम् (uṣobhyām)	उषोभिः (uṣobhiḥ)
dative	उषसे (uṣase)	उषोभ्याम् (uṣobhyām)	उषोभ्यः (uṣobhyaḥ)
ablative	उषसः (uṣasaḥ)	उषोभ्याम् (uṣobhyām)	उषोभ्यः (uṣobhyaḥ)
genitive	उषसः (uṣasaḥ)	उषसोः (uṣasoḥ)	उषसाम् (uṣasām)
locative	उषसि (uṣasi)	उषसोः (uṣasoḥ)	उषःसु (uṣaḥsu)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “उषस्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 220, column 1.
Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “uṣas”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “uṣás-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 236
Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “uṣás-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 532-3