salvus

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *salawos, from Proto-Indo-European *solh₂wós, from *solh₂- (“whole”) + *-wós (whence Latin -vus; for a similar semantic development see wholesome).

Cognates

From PIE: Faliscan 𐌔𐌀𐌋𐌖𐌄𐌔 (salues) and Latin salus

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈsal.u̯us/, [ˈs̠äɫ̪u̯ʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈsal.vus/, [ˈsälvus]

Adjective

salvus (feminine salva, neuter salvum); first/second-declension adjective

1. safe, saved, preserved, sound, unharmed, unscathed, unhurt, uninjured

   Synonyms: sanus, saluber, validus, integer, intactus, sospes, incolumis, sollus, innoxius

   Antonyms: aeger, miser, fessus, īnfirmus, languidus

   Hanc rem publicam salvam esse volumus.

   We wish this republic to be safe.

2. well, healthy, wholesome

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	salvus	salva	salvum		salvī	salvae	salva
genitive	salvī	salvae	salvī		salvōrum	salvārum	salvōrum
dative	salvō	salvae	salvō		salvīs
accusative	salvum	salvam	salvum		salvōs	salvās	salva
ablative	salvō	salvā	salvō		salvīs
vocative	salve	salva	salvum		salvī	salvae	salva

Derived terms

• salveō
• salvificus
• salvō

Descendants

• Catalan: salv
• French: sauf
• Friulian: salf, salv
• Galician: salvo
• Italian: salvo
• Old French: sauf, saulf, salf
  • → Middle English: sauf, safe, saf, saaf
    • English: safe
      • → German: Safe
• Piedmontese: salv
• Portuguese: salvo
• Romansch: salv, zalv
• Sardinian: salvu, sarbu, sarvu
• Spanish: salvo

References

• “salvus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• salvus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • without breaking the law: salvis legibus (vid. sect. X. 7, note Notice...)