Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂enh₁-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Likely of onomatopoeic origin.

Root

*h₂enh₁-^[1]^[2]

to breathe

Extensions

*h₂enh₁-ǵʰ-^[3]
- ⇒ *h₂en(h₁)ǵʰ-eh₂yé-ti
  - Proto-Germanic: *angōną
    - Old Norse: anga (“to exhale; to emit a scent”)
      - Icelandic: anga
- ⇒ *h₂en(h₁)ǵʰ-ō^[3]
  - Proto-Armenian:
    - Old Armenian: անձն (anjn) (see there for further descendants)
  - Proto-Germanic: *angô
    - Old Norse: angi (“smell, scent”)
      - Icelandic: angi
      - Danish: ange
- ⇒ *h₂en(h₁)ǵʰ-o-m
  - Proto-Germanic: *angą
    - Old Norse: ang

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂enh₁- (32 c, 0 e)

*h₂énh₁-ti ~ h₂n̥h₁-énti (athematic root present)
*h₂enh₁-ye-ti (ye-present)
- Proto-Albanian: *anja^[4]
  - Albanian: ëj (“to blow; to blow up, swell”)
*h₂enh₁-dʰō
- Proto-Germanic: *anadô (see there for further descendants)
*h₂enh₁-to-m
- Proto-Germanic: *anþą (see there for further descendants)
*h₂énh₁-mo-s
*h₂énh₁-i-lo-s or *h₂énh₁-il-o-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HánHilas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HánHilas
    - Sanskrit: अनिल (ánila, “air, wind”) (see there for further descendants)
*h₂énh₁-mn̥
- Proto-Celtic: *anaman (“soul”)
*h₂enh₁-slo-s
- Italic:
  - Latin: anhēlus, ⇒? hālō
*h₂énh₁-tlom
- ⇒ *h₂énh₁-tl-eh₂
  - Proto-Celtic: *anatlā (“breath”)^[5] (see there for further descendants)
*h₂énh₁-yós
- Proto-Iranian: *aHnáHyah
  - Avestan: 𐬅𐬥𐬍𐬌𐬌𐬀 (ą̇nīiia, “breathing”)
Compounds:
- >? *h₂enh₁-h₁éh₁t-men-^[6]
  - Proto-Tocharian: *āñcäme (“self, soul; wish, desire”) (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations

Proto-Albanian: *antā^[7]
- Albanian: ëndë (“pleasure, delight”)
Proto-Iranian: *HnaHha-
- Kurdish:
  - Central Kurdish: ھەناسە (henase)
  - Northern Kurdish: henase
    - → Iranian Persian: هناسه (hanāse, “oh, cold breathe”) ^[8]
- Old Median:
  - Old Tati:
    Old Azari: هنای (hunāy, “breathe”)
- Persian: هناهین (hanâhin, “(horse) noise”)
- Lurish:
  - Northern Luri: هناسه (henāsa)
    - Balagarivey: انه (ena, “breathe”)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wyaHnás
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wyaHnás
  - Sanskrit: व्यान (vyāna)
- Proto-Iranian: *wyaHnáH
  - Central Iranian:
    - Avestan: 𐬬𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬥𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁 (viiānaiiā)
  - Southeastern Iranian:
    - Pashto: ځان (źân, “life; body”) (Perhaps influenced from Western Iranian)
  - Northwestern Iranian:
    - Baluchi: جان (jàn)
    - Kurdish:
      Central Kurdish: گیان (gyan)
      
      Northern Kurdish: giyan, gyan
      
      Southern Kurdish: گیان (gyan)
      
      Laki: گیان (gyan)
    - Proto-Medo-Parthian:
      - Caspian:
        Gilaki: جان (soul; body; dear)
        
        Mazanderani: جان (soul; dear)
      - Old Median:
        Kermanic:
        Khunsari: گیون (giyūn)
        
        Old Azari: گیان (giyān)
        Harzani: گون (gun, “soul; body”)
        
        Sivandi: gān (“soul”)
      - Proto-Zaza-Gorani:
        Zazaki: giyan, gan
        
        Gurani: گیان (giyān)
      - Parthian: (/⁠gyān⁠/)
        Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭂𐭉𐭀𐭍 (gyʾn)
        
        Manichaean script: 𐫃𐫏𐫀𐫗 (gyʾn)
  - Southwestern Iranian:
    - Middle Persian: (/⁠gyān⁠/, “soul, ghost”)
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (yʾn'), [script needed] (HYA)
      
      Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭢𐭩𐭠𐭭𐭩 (gyʾny)
      
      Manichaean script: 𐫃𐫏𐫀𐫗 (gyʾn)
      
      Psalter Pahlavi script: 𐮇𐮈𐮀 (HYA)
      - Lurish:
        Northern Luri: جؤ (jo, “soul”), گیان (giyān) (in Some parts of Lurestan)
        
        Bakhtiari: گین (gīn)
      - Classical Persian: جان (ǰān) (see there for further descendants)
        Dari: جان (ǰān)
        
        Iranian Persian: جان (ǰān)
        
        Tajik: ҷон (jon)
Proto-Tocharian:
- Tocharian B: añiye
- Tocharian B: anāsk-
Proto-Tocharian: *ān- (“to breathe”)
- Proto-Tocharian: *ānelme (abstract form)^[9]
  - Tocharian B: onolme (“creature, being, person”)

References

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “anjn”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 93–94
^ Meyer, G. (1891) “aj”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der albanesischen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the Albanian Language] (in German), Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, →DOI, pages 5–6: “anjô”
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*anatlā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 35
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “āñme”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 43–44
^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “ëndë ~ andë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 91
^ [3], هناسه in Dehkhoda Dictionary.
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “onolme”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 121

[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[EDAIL-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “anjn”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 93–94

[4] Meyer, G. (1891) “aj”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der albanesischen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the Albanian Language] (in German), Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, →DOI, pages 5–6: “anjô”

[5] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*anatlā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 35

[6] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “āñme”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 43–44

[7] Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “ëndë ~ andë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 91

[8] [3], هناسه in Dehkhoda Dictionary.

[9] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “onolme”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 121

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