áes

See also: Appendix:Variations of "aes"

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• aís, óes, oís

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aːi̯s/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *aiwestom.

Noun

áes n (genitive aís, nominative plural áesa)

1. age, years
   • Zeitschrift für Celtische Philologie, vi 58.15:

     Is áis cét bliadan dam.

     I am a hundred years of age.

2. stage, period
3. era (of the world)
4. lifetime

Inflection

Neuter o-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	áesN	áesN	áesL, áesa
Vocative	áesN	áesN	áesL, áesa
Accusative	áesN	áesN	áesL, áesa
Genitive	aísL	áes	áesN
Dative	áesL	áesaib	áesaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

• áesmar

Descendants

• Irish: aois
• Manx: eash
• Scottish Gaelic: aois

Etymology 2

Perhaps, like etymology 1, derived from Proto-Celtic *aiw(i) (“in a lifetime”, locative).

Noun

áes m (genitive aíso)

1. (collective) folk, people
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 55^d11

     Amal du·berad nech hi ceist do Dauid: “Húare is móir sléb fírinne Dǽ, cid ara fodmai-siu, ⟨a⟩ Dauid, didiu a ndu imnedaib ⁊ frithoircnib fo·daimi? Air it fírían-⟨s⟩u.” Ícaid-som didiu anísin, a n‑as·mbeir iudicia Domini abisus multa .i. ataat mesai Dǽ nephchomtetarrachti amal abis ⁊ amal fudumain. Is ed in sin fod·era in n‑erígim, cid ara fodaim int aís fírían inna fochaidi, ⁊ cid ara mbiat in pecthaig isnaib soinmechaib.

     As though someone had put as a question to David: “Because God’s righteousness is as great as a mountain, why then, David, dost thou suffer what of afflictions and injuries thou sufferest? For thou art righteous.” He solves that then when he says “iudicia Domini abyssus multa”, i.e. there are judgments of God incomprehensible like an abyss and like a depth. That is what causes the complaint why the righteous folk endure tribulations, and why sinners are in prosperity.

Usage notes

Almost always qualified by an adjective, a noun in the genitive case, or a relative clause describing what kind of folk are in question.

Inflection

Masculine u-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	áes, aís	—	—
Vocative	áes, aís	—	—
Accusative	áesN, aís	—	—
Genitive	áesoH, áesaH, aísoH	—	—
Dative	áesL, aís	—	—
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

• áes carcre
• áes céilide
• áes comchotaig
• áes dána
• áes gráid
• áes léiginn
• áes noíb
• áes síde
• aís sechmaill

Descendants

• Irish: aos
• Scottish Gaelic: aos

Mutation

Mutation of áes

radical	lenition	nasalization
áes (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)	unchanged	n-áes

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 áes ‘age’”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 áes ‘people’”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language