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Appendix:Shor Swadesh list

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

This is a Swadesh list of words in Shor, compared with definitions in English.

Presentation

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For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.

American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.

List

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EnglishShor
шор тили
edit (302)
1I (1sg)мен
2you (2sg)сен
3he, she, it (3sg)ол
4we (1pl)пис
5you (2pl)силер
6they (3pl)ылар
7thisпо
8thatол, тиги, анзы
9hereмында
10thereанда
11whoкем
12whatноо
13whereқайда
14whenқачан
15howқайде
16notэбес
17allтооза
18manyкöп
19someкöп эбес
20fewас
21otherпашқа
22oneпир
23twoийги
24threeӱш
25fourтӧрт
26fiveпеш
27bigулуғ, поғда
28longузун
29wideкең, энниг, чалбақ
30thickқалын, чоон
31heavyаар
32smallкичиг
33shortқысқа
34narrowтaр
35thinчишке, чуға
36womanтижи кижи
37man (adult male)эр кижи
38man (human being)кижи
39childпала
40wifeэпчи, эмдеги, қат
41husbandэр
42motherэне, иче
43fatherада, аба
44animalаң-қуш, мал-қуш
45fishпалық
46birdқуш
47dogадай, эгер
48louseпит
49snakeчылан
50wormқурт
51treeағаш
52forestағаш, чыш
53stickтайақ
54fruitфрукт
55seedӱрен
56leafпӱр
57rootтазыл, тӧс, чылтыс
58bark (of a tree)қақпаш
59flowerчақкийек
60grassот, öлең
61ropeпағ
62skinтере
63meatэт
64bloodқан
65boneсööк
66fat (noun)чағ
67eggныбыртқа
68hornмӱус
69tailқузуруқ
70featherчӱг
71hairшаш
72headпаш
73earқулақ
74eyeқарақ
75noseпурун
76mouthаас, ақсы
77toothтиш
78tongue (organ)тил
79fingernailтырбақ
80footтабан
81legазақ
82kneeтизе
83handқол
84wingқанат
85bellyқарын, қурсақ
86gutsичеге
87neckмойун
88backкöксӱ
89breastтöш
90heartчӱрек
91liverпаар
92to drinkиш
93to eatчии
94to biteызыр
95to suckсор
96to spitтӱккӱр
97to vomitқус
98to blowӱбӱр, салғына
99to breatheтын
100to laughқатқыр
101to seeкöр
102to hearуқ
103to knowпил
104to thinkпöгӱн, толан
105to smellчыста
106to fearқоруқ
107to sleepузу
108to liveчурта, чат
109to dieöл
110to killöдӱр
111to fightчаалаш, кӱреш, тудуш
112to huntаңна
113to hitшап, соқ
114to cutкес
115to splitчаар, кезе шап, ӱле
116to stabқаза, тоор
117to scratchтырбақта
118to digқас
119to swimчӱc, ық чöр
120to flyучуқ
121to walkчöр
122to comeкел
123to lie (as in a bed)чат
124to sitодур
125to standтур
126to turn (intransitive)пур, пурул
127to fallтӱш, чығыл, уш
128to giveпер
129to holdтут
130to squeezeқыза тут
131to rubчос
132to washчун
133to wipeчос
134to pullтарт
135to pushит
136to throwташта, шел
137to tieпағла
138to sewтик
139to countтоола, сана
140to sayайт
141to singырла, сарна
142to playойна
143to floatық, ақ
144to flowақ
145to freezeтоң, тоо
146to swellшиш, кöп
147sunкӱн, қуйаш
148moonай
149starчылтыс
150waterсуғ
151rainнағбур
152riverсуғ, чулат
153lakeкöл
154seaталай
155saltтус
156stoneташ
157sandқумақ
158dustтозун
159earthтобрақ, чер
160cloudпулут
161fogтубан
162skyтегри
163windсалғын
164snowқар
165iceмус
166smokeыш, тӱдӱн
167fireот
168ashкӱл
169to burnкöй
170roadчол
171mountainтағ
172redқызыл
173greenчажыл
174yellowсарығ
175whiteақ
176blackқара
177nightтӱн
178dayкӱн, кӱндӱс
179yearчыл
180warmчылығ
181coldсооқ
182fullтолдура
183newнаа
184oldэски
185goodчақшы
186badчабал
187rottenирик
188dirtyкирлиг
189straightтӱс
190roundтоғалақ
191sharp (as a knife)чидиг, уштығ
192dull (as a knife)алығ
193smoothсылағай, айғы
194wetöл
195dryқуруғ
196correctшынап
197nearчағын
198farырақ
199rightоң
200leftсол
201atӱстӱнде
202inиштинде
203withқапшыра
204andпазоқ
205ifэде полза
206becauseанаң аара
207nameат
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
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