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Appendix:Guinea-Bissau Creole Swadesh list

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This is a Swadesh list of words in Guinea-Bissau Creole, compared with definitions in English.

Presentation

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For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.

American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.

List

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Swadesh list of Guinea-Bissau Creole. Synonyms: Kriol, Upper Guinea Crioulo, Portuguese Creolo, Kriyol, Kriulo.


No. English Guinea-Bissau Creole
Kriyol
1 I mi, n
2 you (singular) bo, bu, u
3 he, she, it el, i
4 we nos, no
5 you (plural) bos, bo
6 they elis, e
7 this es, kil
8 that kuma, kila, kil
9 here li
10 there la
11 who kin, ki
12 what kuma, ke ku, kal
13 where nunde
14 when ora ku, ku, kal ki
15 how kuma, kuma ku, kuma ki
16 not ka
17 all tudu
18 many manga, tciu
19 some alguns
20 few puku, alguns
21 other utru
22 one un
23 two dus
24 three tris
25 four kuatru
26 five cinco
27 big garandi
28 long kumpridu, lundju
29 wide largu
30 thick gros
31 heavy pisadu
32 small pikininu
33 short kurtu
34 narrow pertadu
35 thin magru, delgadu
36 woman mindjer
37 man (adult male) omi
38 man (human being) djinti, pesoa, alguin
39 child mininu, fidju
40 wife spoza, mindjer
41 husband spozu, maridu
42 mother mame, mai
43 father pape, pai
44 animal limaria
45 fish pis
46 bird pastru, katcu
47 dog katcur
48 louse karanga
49 snake kobra
50 worm bicha
51 tree arvuri, po, pe
52 forest matu
53 stick po, bingala
54 fruit fruta
55 seed simenti
56 leaf padja, fodja
57 root rais
58 bark (of a tree) kaska
59 flower flur
60 grass padja
61 rope korda
62 skin pele, kuru
63 meat karni
64 blood sangui
65 bone os
66 fat (noun) taka, gurdura
67 egg ovu
68 horn tcifri
69 tail rabu
70 feather pena
71 hair kabelu
72 head kabesa
73 ear oredja
74 eye udju
75 nose naris
76 mouth boka
77 tooth dinti
78 tongue (organ) lingua
79 fingernail unha
80 foot pe
81 leg perna, pe
82 knee djudju
83 hand mon
84 wing aza, ansa
85 belly bariga, butcu
86 guts tripa
87 neck piskus
88 back kosta
89 breast pitu, mama
90 heart korson
91 liver figadu
92 to drink bibi
93 to eat kume
94 to bite murdi
95 to suck tcupa
96 to spit kuspi
97 to vomit ramasa, gumita
98 to blow supra
99 to breathe rispira, da folgu
100 to laugh ri, gargadja
101 to see odja, djubi
102 to hear obi
103 to know sibi, kunsi
104 to think pensa, kuda, otca
105 to smell tcera
106 to fear medi
107 to sleep durmi
108 to live mora, vivi
109 to die muri, falsi
110 to kill mata
111 to fight gueria, luta
112 to hunt montia, kasa
113 to hit suta, madja, bati
114 to cut korta
115 to split dividi, raparti, pika
116 to stab fakia, punhala
117 to scratch kosa, riska
118 to dig koba
119 to swim nada
120 to fly bua
121 to walk ianda, marcha
122 to come bin
123 to lie (as in a bed) dita
124 to sit sinta, sta sintadu
125 to stand firma, lanta
126 to turn (intransitive) tursi, vira
127 to fall kai
128 to give da
129 to hold pega, manti
130 to squeeze pirmi, rikiti
131 to rub reia
132 to wash laba
133 to wipe limpa, bari
134 to pull pucha, djunda
135 to push pintca, mpura
136 to throw bota, lansa
137 to tie mara, mbita
138 to sew kusi
139 to count konta
140 to say fala, papia
141 to sing kanta
142 to play djuga, brinka
143 to float boia
144 to flow skuri
145 to freeze djela, freska
146 to swell intca, sanha
147 sun sol
148 moon lua
149 star strela
150 water iagu
151 rain tcuba
152 river riu
153 lake lagua
154 sea mar
155 salt sal
156 stone pedra
157 sand reia
158 dust puera, po
159 earth tera
160 cloud nuven
161 fog fumansa, kasimba
162 sky seu
163 wind bentu
164 snow neve
165 ice djelu
166 smoke fumu
167 fire fugu
168 ash sinsa
169 to burn kema
170 road kaminhu, strada
171 mountain montanha, monti
172 red burmedju
173 green verdi
174 yellow tcau, amarelu
175 white branku
176 black pretu
177 night noti
178 day dia
179 year anu
180 warm kinti, kalur
181 cold friu
182 full tciu, kompletu
183 new nobu, novu
184 old bedju, antigu
185 good bon, bo
186 bad mal, mau
187 rotten podri
188 dirty susu
189 straight diritu
190 round rodundo
191 sharp (as a knife) fiadu, moladu
192 dull (as a knife) segu
193 smooth lijeru
194 wet modjadu, banhadu
195 dry seku
196 correct sertu, koretu
197 near pertu
198 far lundju, distanti
199 right direta
200 left skerda
201 at na
202 in na
203 with ku
204 and i, e
205 if si
206 because pabia, suma, purke
207 name nomi

Spelling and lemmas are based upon Luigi Scantamburlo's Dicionário Do Guineense, Edições Fasbeti 2003 (Guinea-Bissau Creole - Portuguese dictionary), the only comprehensive dictionary available. i

Credits go to Hans Rompel. And to Florence Marfo i of Morley College in London, for her contributions in completing this Swadesh list.

See also

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Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
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