Appendix:Frisian, Dutch and German Swadesh lists
This is a Swadesh list of Frisian languages, specifically West Frisian, Saterland Frisian and North Frisian, compared with that of Dutch and German, as well as English.
Frisian is a group of three languages with West Frisian in The Netherlands, Saterland Frisian in Germany and North Frisian in Germany.
North Frisian is represented by several vernaculars, as there is no standard North Frisian.
Presentation
[edit]- For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.
American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.
100 | 207 | English | German | Dutch | West Frisian | Saterland Frisian | North Frisian | |||||||||
Sölring | Öömrang | Fering | Halunder | Halligen | Wiringhiirder | Frasch | Karhiirder | Hoolmer | Hoorninger | |||||||
1 | 1 | I | ich | ik | ik | iek | ik | ik | ik | ik | ik | ik | ik | ik | ik | |
2 | 2 | you (sg.) | du, Sie | jij, je, u, gij | do, jo | du, ji | dü | dü | dü | di | du | dü | dü | dü | dü | |
3 | he | er | hij | hy, er | hie, er | hi | hi, 'er | hi | hi | hii | hi | hi, 'r | hi | hi | ||
3 | 4 | we | wir | wij, we | wy | wie | wü, wat (dual) | wi, 'f | wi | wi | wii | wi | we, wat | wi | wi | |
5 | you (pl.) | ihr, Sie | jullie, u, gij | jimme | jie | juu | jam, 'm | jam | djüm | jam | jäm | jam | jäm | jäm | ||
6 | they | sie | zij, ze | sy, hja | jo, se | ja, jat (dual) | jo, 's | jo | dji | jä | ja | jä | jä | |||
4 | 7 | this | dieses | deze, dit | dit, dizze | dit, disse | des | det, detheer | det | deät | dat dir | dit | dåt, dåtheer | datheer | dathär | |
5 | 8 | that | jenes | die, dat | dat, dy | dät, die, ju | dat, didiar | det, detdiar | det | dat dir | dåt, dåtdeer | datdeer | datdär | |||
9 | here | hier | hier | hjir | hier | jir | heer, hir | heer | hiir | hir | hir | heer | heer | här | ||
10 | there | dort | daar | dêr | deer | diar | diar | diar | dear | dir | dir | deer | deer | där | ||
6 | 11 | who | wer | wie | wa | wäl | hoken | hoker | hoker | welk | hook | hum | huum | huum | hum | |
7 | 12 | what | was | wat | wat | wät | wat | wat | wat | wat | wät | wat | wat | wat | ||
13 | where | wo | waar | wêr | wier | hur | huar | huar | wear | wir | wir | weer | weer | wär | ||
14 | when | wann | wanneer | wannear, hoenear | wanner | wan | wan | wan | wan | waniir | wän(e) | wan | wäniir | wäniir | ||
15 | how | wie | hoe | hoe | wo | hur, hurdeling, hur'ling | hü, hüdenang | hü | ho | hu, hudeeni | hü(r)däni, hü(r)dini |
hü | hü | hü | ||
8 | 16 | not | nicht | niet | net | nit | ek | ei | ei | ni | ee | ai | ai | äi | äi | |
9 | 17 | all | alle | al, alle | alle | aal | ali | aal | aal | aal, allemoal | altomaole | ale | åle | ale | aale | |
10 | 18 | many | viele | menig, veel | gâns, in protte | fuul | maning, fuul | flook, manag | föl, manig | eewigen | fole | mäning | foole | mäning | fååle | |
19 | some | einige | sommige, enkele, enige | guon | wäkke | som, hok | högen, som | som | hekken | hääch | hoog, säm | sam | ||||
20 | few | wenige | weinig | inkele | min | litjet | hög, enkelt | enkelt | hek | hääch | hu | hu | hu, sam | hu, sam | ||
21 | other | andere | ander | oar, oare | uur | üđer | ööder | öler | uurs | öör | oor | ouder | oor | år | ||
11 | 22 | one | eins | één | ien | een, aan | jen | ian, ään | ian, een | iaan | ian, aon | iin, oan | iinj, ån | iin, åån | iin, aan | |
12 | 23 | two | zwei | twee | twa | two, twäin | tau | tau | tau | tau | taue, tweer, twaane | tou, tweer | tou, twäär | tou, tweer | tou, twäär | |
24 | three | drei | drie | trije | tjo, träi | trii | trii | trii | tree | tree'e, traane | träi, trä | trii, tra | träi, trä | träi, trä | ||
25 | four | vier | vier | fjouwer | fjauer | fjuur | sjauer | fjauer | schtjuur | fjauer | fjouer | fjouer | fjauer | fjauer | ||
26 | five | fünf | vijf | fiif | fieuw | fif | fiiw | fiiw | fiuw | fiiw | fiiw | fiiw | fiiw | fiiw | ||
13 | 27 | big | groß | groot | grut | groot | gurt | grat | grat | groot | grot | grot | grut | gråt | grot | |
14 | 28 | long | lang | lang | lang | loang | lung | lung | lung | lung | long | long | lung | lung | long | |
29 | wide | breit, weit | breed, wijd | breed, wiid | breed, wied | breer | briad, widj | briad | briad | briidj | briidj | briid | briid | |||
30 | thick | dick | dik | tsjok | tjuk | tjuk | sjok | tjok | tschok | tschok | tjok | tjuk | tjuk | tjok | ||
31 | heavy | schwer | zwaar | swier | sweer | swaar | swaar | swaar | swoor | swoar | swåår | swåår | swaar | |||
15 | 32 | small | klein | klein, luttel | lyts | littek | litj, kliin | letj | letj | letj | lidj | lait | latj | läitj | läitj | |
33 | short | kurz | kort | koart | kuut | kuurt | kurt | kurt | köört | koort | kort | koort | koort | |||
34 | narrow | eng | smal, nauw, krap, eng | nau, smel | ääng, smäl | naar | naar, smääl | naar | smaal | noor, smeel | noar | knååp, smeel | nåår | naar | ||
35 | thin | dünn | dun | tin | tän | ten | san | tan | ten | teen | tjin | teen | teen | teen | ||
16 | 36 | woman | Frau | vrouw | frou, wiif | wieuw | Wüf, Wüfhaur | wüf | wüfhood | Wüf | wufsit | wüf | wüset | wüst | mårj | |
17 | 37 | man (male) | Mann | man | man | Mon | Man, Kārming | maan | maan, karmen | Man | keerl | muon | moon | moon | moon | |
18 | 38 | man (human) | Mensch, Person | mens | minske | Moanske | Mensk | minsk | mensk | Mensk | mänske | mänske | mansche | mänsche | mänsche | |
39 | child | Kind | kind | bern | Bäiden | Jungen | biaren, kint | kint | Kin | beern | börn | bjarn | beern | beern | ||
40 | wife | Frau, Ehefrau | vrouw, gade, echtgenote, wijf | frou, wiif | Moanske | Wüf | wüf | wüf | wuf | wüf | wüf | wüf | wüf | |||
41 | husband | Mann, Ehemann | man, echtgenoot, gade | man | Käärel | Man | maan | maan | moon | muon | moon | moon | moon | |||
42 | mother | Mutter | moeder, mamma | mem | Määme | Mooter | mam | mam | Mem | mäm | määm | mam | mäm | mäm | ||
43 | father | Vater | vader, pappa | heit | Baabe | Faađer, Bābi, Papa | aatj | aatj | Foor | baabe | tääte | taatje | fooje | fååje | ||
44 | animal | Tier | dier, beest | bist | Diert | Diirt | tiir, diart, beest | diart | tiir | düür, tiir, bäist | diirt, bäist | tiir, diirt | tiir, diirt | |||
37 | 45 | fish | Fisch | vis | fisk | Fisk | Fesk | fask | fask | Fesk | faske | fäsk | fasch | fasch | fasch | |
19 | 46 | bird | Vogel | vogel | fûgel | Fuugel | Fügel | fögel | fögel | Fink | fugel | föögel | föögel | föögel | föögel | |
20 | 47 | dog | Hund | hond | hûn | Huund | Hün | hünj | hünj | hun | hün | hün | hün | hün | ||
21 | 48 | louse | Laus | luis | lûs, biter | Luus | Lüs, Pijuntji | lüs | lüs | lus | lüs | lüs | lüs | lüs | ||
49 | snake | Schlange | slang | slang | Slange | Slang | slaang | slaang | slang | slånge | slang | slang | ||||
50 | worm | Wurm | worm | wjirm | Äise, Wuurm | Würem | wirem | wörem | wöörm | würm | wörm | wärm | wärm | |||
English | German | Dutch | West Frisian | Saterland Frisian | Sölring | Öömrang | Fering | Halunder | Haliifreesk | Wiringhiirder | Frasch | Karhiirder | Hoolmer | Hoorninger | ||
22 | 51 | tree | Baum | boom | beam | Boom | Boom | buum | buum | Booam | buum | buum | buum | buum | buum | |
52 | forest | Wald | woud, bos | bosk, wâld | Busk, Woold | Holting, Wald | walt, tanen | walt | wald | huolt, skou | hoolting | |||||
53 | stick | Stock | stok, staaf | stôk | Stok | Stok | stook | stook | stook | stook | stook | stook | ||||
54 | fruit | Frucht | fruit, vrucht | fruit | Frucht | Frücht | frücht | frücht | frocht | frocht | frucht | frucht | frocht | |||
23 | 55 | seed | Samen | zaad | sied | Säid | Siit | siad | siad | seed | säid | sädj | säid | säid | ||
24 | 56 | leaf | Blatt | blad, loof, lover | blêd, leaf | Blääd | Bleer | bleed | bleed | Bleed | blää | luuf, bläär | blees | luuf, blee'e | luuf, blee'e | |
25 | 57 | root | Wurzel | wortel | woartel | Wuttel | Röt | rut, wochel | rut, wortel | Wörtel | wodel | ruit | rötj | rout | rout | |
26 | 58 | bark | Rinde | schors, bast | bast | Boark | Bork | buark | buark | rin | rin | båst | rin | rin | ||
59 | flower | Blume | bloem | blom | Bloume | Bloom, Kröl | bluum | kral, ruus | Blömk | röös, krol | blom, kröl | krül | krul | krol | ||
60 | grass | Gras | gras | gers | Gäärs | Gērs, Gees | gäärs | gäärs | Gaars | geers | gjas | gjars | geers | geers | ||
61 | rope | Seil | touw, koord, zeel | tou | Tau, Roop | Toom | riap, toog | riap, lenk | Toag | tau, reep | tau, ruup | tau, ruup | tau | tau | ||
27 | 62 | skin | Haut | huid, vel | hûd | Häid | Hir | skan, hidj | skan | Hid | hut, skan | skän | hüd, schan | hüd, schan | häid, schan | |
28 | 63 | meat | Fleisch | vlees | fleis | Flaask | Fleesk, Miit | flääsk | fleesk | Fleäsk | flaosk | floask | flååsch | flååsch | flaasch | |
29 | 64 | blood | Blut | bloed | bloed | Bloud | Blör | blud | blud | blööd | bluid | blödj | bloud | bloud | ||
30 | 65 | bone | Knochen | been, knook, bot, knekel | bonke | Knooke | Knaak | bian, knook | bian | knaake | knooke | knooke | knooke | knååke | ||
31 | 66 | fat | Fett | vet | fet | Fat | Fat | fäät | feet | faot | fåt | smeer | smeer | |||
33 | 67 | egg | Ei | ei | aai | Oai | Ai | ai | ai | Ai | oi | oi | oi | oi | ai | |
34 | 68 | horn | Horn | hoorn | hoarn | Houden | Huurn | hurn | hurn | höörn | hoorn | horn | hoorn | hoorn | ||
35 | 69 | tail | Schwanz | staart | sturt | Stäit | Stört | stört | stört | Stert | steert | stört | stjart | steert | steert | |
36 | 70 | feather | Feder | veer, veder | fear | Fugge | Feđer | feeder | feeler | Fedder | feere | fääder | feer | fäär | ||
38 | 71 | hair | Haar | haar | hier | Hier | Hiir | hiar | hiar | Hear | heer | heer | häär | heer | häär | |
39 | 72 | head | Kopf, Haupt | hoofd, kop | holle | Kop | Haur | hood | hood | Hoad | hääd | hoor | hood | haud | haud | |
40 | 73 | ear | Ohr | oor | ear | Oor | Uar | uar | uar | Uaar | uur | uur | uur | uur | uur | |
41 | 74 | eye | Auge | oog | each | Ooge | Oog | uug | uug | Oog | uuch | uug | uug | uug | uuch | |
43 | 75 | nose | Nase | neus | noas | Noose | Nöös | nöös | nöös | Nees | nääs | noos | noos | noos | nåås | |
44 | 76 | mouth | Mund | mond, muil | mûle | Muule | Mür | müs | mös | Mit | mu | müs | müs | müs | müs | |
45 | 77 | tooth | Zahn | tand | tosk | Tusk | Tēr | tus | tus | Teän | toske | tuis | täis | tusch | tosch | |
46 | 78 | tongue | Zunge | tong | tonge | Tunge | Tung | tong | tong | Tong | tong | tong | tung | tung | tong | |
42 | 79 | fingernail | Fingernagel | nagel, vingernagel | neil | Nail | Fingernail | fangernaiel | naiel | Fingernooiel | nääle | näägel | näägel | noile | nail | |
47 | 80 | foot | Fuß | voet | foet | Fout | Fut | fut | fut | Fut | fööt | fuit | fötj | fout | fout | |
81 | leg | Bein | been | skonk | Been | Biin | bian | bian | Bean | bian | biin, skonk | biinj | biin | biin | ||
48 | 82 | knee | Knie | knie | knibbel | Kniebel | Kneebiin | knöbian | knöbian | Knäbean | kneeboole | knäbiin | knäibling | knäiboole | knäiboole | |
49 | 83 | hand | Hand | hand | hân | Hounde | Hun | hun | hun | Hun | höön | huin | hönj | houn | houn | |
84 | wing | Flügel | vleugel, vlerk | wjuk, flerk | Juke | Jük | jüg | jüg, flünk | Djik | flonke | wing | wäng | wing | wing | ||
50 | 85 | belly | Bauch | buik, maag | búk | Buuk | Bük, Lif | bük | bük | Lüf | buuk | bük | bük, lif | bük, buuk | bük, lif | |
86 | guts | Eingeweide | ingewanden, darmen | termen | Tierme | Tiarmer, Iingewaiden, Grum | siarmer | tiarmer | Tearmer | teerme | teerme | tärme | teerme | teerme | ||
51 | 87 | neck | Hals | nek, hals | nekke | Näkke | Hals, Nak | nääk, hals | neek | Nak | neeke | neeke, hals | neeke | neeke, håls | neeke, haals | |
88 | back | Rücken | rug, terug | rêch | Rääch | Rech | rag | raag | Räi | reech | reeg | reeg | reeg | reek | ||
52 | 89 | breast | Brust | borst | boarst | Brust | Brest | brast | brast | Bös | borst | bost | burst | burst | borst | |
53 | 90 | heart | Herz | hart | hert | Haat | Hart | hart | hart | härt | härt | hart | härt | härt | ||
54 | 91 | liver | Leber | lever | lever | Lieuwer | Liwer | liwer | liwer | liwer | lüuwer | liwer | liwer, lääwer | liwer, lääwer | ||
55 | 92 | to drink | trinken | drinken | drinke | drinke | drink | drank | drank | drink | drinke | dränke | drainke | dränke | dränke | |
56 | 93 | to eat | essen | eten | ite | iete | iit | iidj | iidj | iit | ää'e | ääre | ääse | ää'e | ää'e | |
57 | 94 | to bite | beißen | bijten | bite | biete | bit | bitj | bitj | bit | bite | bite | bite | bite | bite | |
95 | to suck | saugen | zuigen | sûge | suuge | süch | süüg, süge | süüg | siig | suge | süge | süge | süge | |||
96 | to spit | spucken | spuwen, spugen | flybje | sputterje | spüti | spütje | spütje | spute | spüte | spüte | spüte | spüte | |||
97 | to vomit | erbrechen | braken, overgeven, kotsen, spugen | spuie | späie | spii | spei | spei | spaie | spaie | spaie | spaie | ||||
98 | to blow | blasen | blazen, waaien | blaze | bloasje | blaasi, blö, püsti | bloose | bloose, blä | bloase | puste | bloose | bloose | bloose | blååse | ||
99 | to breathe | atmen | ademen | azemje, sykhelje | omje | uuremi | öösme | öösme | eedeme* | oome | oome | oome | oome | oome | ||
100 | to laugh | lachen | lachen | laitsje | laachje | lachi | laache | laache | loache | laake | laake | lååke | lååke | laake | ||
English | German | Dutch | West Frisian | Saterland Frisian | Sölring | Öömrang | Fering | Halunder | Haliifreesk | Wiringhiirder | Frasch | Karhiirder | Hoolmer | Hoorninger | ||
58 | 101 | to see | sehen | zien | sjen | sjo | se | sä | sä | si | siine | säie | siinj | siin | siin | |
59 | 102 | to hear | hören | horen | hearre | heere | hiir | hiar | hiar | hear | hiire | hiire | hiire | hiire | hiire | |
60 | 103 | to know | wissen | weten, kennen | witte | wiete | weet | wed | wed | wet | wee'e | wääre | waase | waa'e | waa'e | |
104 | to think | denken | denken | tinke | toanke | teenk | seenk | teenk | teenk | taanke | tanke | tånke | tånke | tanke | ||
105 | to smell | riechen | ruiken | rûke | ruuke | hāremi | stirme | störme | rik | stiarme | stiirme | rüke, stiirme | stiirme | stiirme | ||
106 | to fear | fürchten | vrezen | bang wêze | Nood hääbe | bang wiis, Ungst haa | baang wees | baang wees | trong wee'e | trung weese | trung we'e | trong wee'e | ||||
61 | 107 | to sleep | schlafen | slapen | sliepe | släipe | sliip | sliap | sliap | sleape* | sleepe | sleepe | släipe | släipe | släipe | |
108 | to live | leben | leven | libje | lieuwje | lewi | lewe | lewe | lewwe | laawe | lääwe | laawe | laawe | lawe | ||
62 | 109 | to die | sterben | sterven | stjerre | stierwe | sterewi, sterev | sterew | sterew | sterrow(e) | steerwe | steerwe | stärwe | steerwe | steerwe | |
63 | 110 | to kill | töten | doden | deadzje, deadwaan | dooddwo, doodje | duar maaki, duar slai | duad maage | duad maage | duad maage | duuid maage | düüdje | duudmååge | duudmaage | ||
111 | to fight | kämpfen | vechten, strijden | fjochtsje | fjuchte | keempi, strir, fecht | fecht, stridj | fecht | kämpe, fächte | stride | fachte, stride | stride | stride | |||
112 | to hunt | jagen | jagen | jeie | joagje | jaagi | jaage | jaage | djoage | jaage | jaage | jååge | jååge | jaage | ||
113 | to hit | schlagen | slaan, treffen, raken | slaan | slo | slaa | slau | slau | sloo | sluane | sloue | slüünj | sluun | sluun | ||
114 | to cut | schneiden | knippen, snijden | snije | sniede | skiar, klep | skeer, klap | skeer | skear | skeere, klape | skjaare, kläpe | scheere | scheere, klape | scheere, klape | ||
115 | to split | spalten | splijten, kloven | splite | spliete | split, kloowi, kapi | splitj, klüüwe | splitj | kliawe | splite | splite | splite, kliiwe | splite, kliiwe | |||
116 | to stab | stechen | steken | stekke | steete | steek | steeg | steeg | steeke | steege | steege | steege | steege | |||
117 | to scratch | kratzen | krabben | skraabje | skraabje | skraapi, klaui | skraabe | skraabe | kleese, kratse | kleese | kratse | kleese | kläise | |||
118 | to dig | graben | graven, delven | grave | greeuwe | greev | greew, grobe | greew | greewe | greewe | ||||||
64 | 119 | to swim | schwimmen | zwemmen | swimme | swimme | swum | swääm | sweem | swumme | swome | swome | swume | swume | swome | |
65 | 120 | to fly | fliegen | vliegen | flean(e) | fljooge | flö | flä | flä | fli | fliine | fläie | fliinj | fliin | fliin | |
66 | 121 | to walk | gehen | stappen, gaan, wandelen | rinne | gunge, loope | gung, laap | gung, luup | gung, luup | gung, luup | gung | gonge | gunge | gunge, luupe | gonge, luupe | |
67 | 122 | to come | kommen | komen | komme | kuume | kum | kem | kem | keem | kame | käme | kaame | kååme | kaame | |
68 | 123 | to lie | liegen | liggen | lizze | lääse | lii | lei | lei | lai | laie | läde | lade | läie | läie | |
69 | 124 | to sit | sitzen | zitten, zetten | sitte | sitte | set | sat | sat | set | sate | säte | sate | sate | sate | |
70 | 125 | to stand | stehen | staan | stean | stounde | stuun | stun | stun | stun | stööne | stuine | stönje | stoune | stoune | |
126 | to turn | drehen | draaien | draaie | traale | drai | drei, törne | drei | draie | draie, träie | draie | draie | draie | |||
127 | to fall | fallen | vallen | falle | faale | faal | faal | faal | foal | faale | foale | fåle | fåle | faale | ||
71 | 128 | to give | geben | geven | jaan | reeke | dö | jiw, du | jiiw, du | du | jeewe, düüne | gjiuwe | düünj | jeewe, duun | jeewe, duun | |
129 | to hold | halten | houden | hâlde | hoolde | hual | hual | hual | hool | huale | huuile | hüülje | huule | huule | ||
130 | to squeeze | quetschen | knijpen, drukken, klemmen | knipe | kniepe | knip, drüki, gnöös | knip, trak | knip, trak | kniipe | knipe | knipe | knipe | knipe | knipe | ||
131 | to rub | reiben | wrijven | wriuwe | wrieuwe | riif, rofeli, wriir | rofe | rofe, riiw | riwe | riuwe, wrire | riwe | riwe, wrää'e | riwe, wrää'e | |||
132 | to wash | waschen | wassen | waskje | waaske | taui | sau | tau | waske | waske | toue | tüünj | tuun | tuun | ||
133 | to wipe | wischen | vegen | feie | feegje | wiski, drügi, faagi | wiske | wiske | foage | faage, wiske | fååge | wische | wische | |||
134 | to pull | ziehen | trekken | lûke, tsjen | luke | tii, tjoki, trek | tji | tji | trek | träke | täie | tiinj | tiin | tiin | ||
135 | to push | drücken | duwen | triuwe | taie | drüki, sküüv | trak, pui, sküüw | trak, pui, sküüw | trek | drüke | krööge | krööge | krooge | krååge | ||
136 | to throw | werfen | werpen, gooien | goaie, smite | smiete, gooie | smit | smitj | smitj | smit | smite | smite | smite | smite | smite | ||
137 | to tie | binden | knopen | bine | biende | binj | binj | binj | bin | bine | bine | bine | bine | bine | ||
138 | to sew | nähen | naaien | naaie | säie | sii | sei | sei | sai* | saie | saie | saie | saie | saie | ||
139 | to count | zählen | tellen | telle | tälle | teel | tääl | teel | taal | teele | tjile | teele | teele | teele | ||
72 | 140 | to say | sagen | zeggen | sizze | kweede | sii | sai | sai | sooi | seede | sjide | seede | säie | säie | |
141 | to sing | singen | zingen | sjonge | sjunge | sjung | sjong | schong | song | schonge | schonge | schunge | schunge | schonge | ||
142 | to play | spielen | spelen | spylje, boartsje | spylje | spöli | spele | spele | spelle | späle | spaale | spääle | späle | |||
143 | to float | schweben | vlieten, drijven, zweven | driuwe | drieuwe | driif, sweewi | sweewe, driiw | sweewe, driiw | driwe | swääwe, driuwe | driwe | swääwe, driwe | swääwe, driwe | |||
144 | to flow | fließen | vloeien, stromen, vlieten | floeie | strieke, fljoote | laap | luup | luup | loop* | - | fleere | fliitje | luupe | luupe | ||
145 | to freeze | frieren | vriezen | frieze | fjoose | früüs | friis | friis | friis | friise | friise | friise | friise | friise | ||
146 | to swell | schwellen | zwellen | tine | diene | tün | sünj | tünj | apbikke | reeke, dääne | swile | tüne | (oun)tüne | (oun)tüne | ||
73 | 147 | sun | Sonne | zon | sinne | Sunne | Sen | san | san | Sen | son | sän | san | san | san | |
74 | 148 | moon | Mond | maan | moanne | Moune | Muun | muun | muun | Muun | mööne | moone | moune | moone | moune | |
75 | 149 | star | Stern | ster | stjer | Stiern | Stiar | stäär | stäär | Steer | steer | steer | stäär | steer | stäär | |
76 | 150 | water | Wasser | water | wetter | Woater | Weeter | weeder | weeder | Weeter | woor | woar | wååder | wåår | waar | |
English | German | Dutch | West Frisian | Saterland Frisian | Sölring | Öömrang | Fering | Halunder | Haliifreesk | Wiringhiirder | Frasch | Karhiirder | Hoolmer | Hoorninger | ||
77 | 151 | rain | Regen | regen | rein | Rien | Riin | rin | rin | Rain* | rin | rin | rin | rin | rin | |
152 | river | Fluss | rivier, stroom | rivier, stream | Äi | Stroom, Au | ia, struum | ia, struum | - | - | struum | struum | ||||
153 | lake | See | meer | mar | Meer | See | sia | see, meere | sii | siie | säi | säi | ||||
154 | sea | Meer, See | zee | see | See | See | sia, hääf | sia, heef | See* | sii | säie | siie, heef | säie, heef | säie | ||
155 | salt | Salz | zout | sâlt | Soalt | Saalt | saalt | saalt | saolt | saalt | sålt | sålt | saalt | |||
78 | 156 | stone | Stein | steen | stien | Steen | Stiin | stian | stian | Stean | stian | stiin | stiinj | stiin | stiin | |
79 | 157 | sand | Sand | zand | sân | Sound | Sön, Grüs | sun | sun | Sun | söön | suin | sönj | soun | soun | |
158 | dust | Staub | stof | stof | Stoaf | Stof, Smol | stoof | stoof | stoof | stoof | stoof | stoof | stoof | |||
80 | 159 | earth | Erde | aarde | ierde | Äide | Öört | eerd | eerd | iir | eerde, iarde | örd | jard | eerde | eerde | |
81 | 160 | cloud | Wolke | wolk | wolk | Wulke | Wulk, Wolk | wulk, swark | wolk, swark | wolk | wolk | wolk | woolken | wulk | wulk | |
161 | fog | Nebel | mist, nevel | dize | Dook | Diis, Töök | mist, diis | mist | Teek | mist, nääbel | mist, dook | diise | mist, nääbel | mist, nääbel | ||
162 | sky | Himmel | hemel, lucht, zwerk | loft | Heemel, Luft | Hemel, Locht | hemel, loft | hemel, loft | Loch | hämel, loft | hämel | hamel, luft | hämel | hämel | ||
163 | wind | Wind | wind | wyn | Wiend | Winj | winj | winj | Win | win | win | win | win | win | ||
164 | snow | Schnee | sneeuw | snie | Snee | Sne | snä | snä | Sni | snii'e | snäi | snii | snäi | snäi | ||
165 | ice | Eis | ijs | iis | Ies | Is | is | is | Is | is | is | is | is | is | ||
82 | 166 | smoke | Rauch | rook | reek | Rook | Rook, Smook | riak | riik | reak | riak | riik | riik | riik | riik | |
32 | 167 | fire | Feuer | vuur | fjoer | Fjuur | Jöl | ial | ial | Iaal | ial | iilj | iilj | iil | iil | |
83 | 168 | ash | Asche | as | jiske | Ääske | Eesken | ääsk | eesk | eesk | ee(r)sk | eesch | eesch | eesch | ||
84 | 169 | to burn | brennen | branden | baarne | baadenje | bren | braan | braan | baarne | boorne | broane | bråne | bårne | barne | |
85 | 170 | road | Straße | weg, straat | strjitte, dyk, wei | Sträite, Wai | Straat, Stich, Wai | struat, stich | struat, wai | Stroat, Wai | straot | stroot, goar | stroote | stroot | strååt | |
86 | 171 | mountain | Berg | berg | berch | Bierich | Bārig | berag | berig | beerch | beeri | bärj | beerj | beerch | ||
87 | 172 | red | rot | rood | read | rood | ruar | ruad | ruad | rooad | ruad | ruuid | rüüdj | ruud | ruud | |
88 | 173 | green | grün | groen | grien | gräin | green | green | green | green | green | green | gräin | green | gräin | |
89 | 174 | yellow | gelb | geel | giel | jeel | güül | güül | güül | giil | gul | güül | gööl | gööl | gööl | |
90 | 175 | white | weiß | wit | wyt | wiet | wit | witj | witj | wit | wit | wit | wit | wit | wit | |
91 | 176 | black | schwarz | zwart | swart | swot | suurt | suart | suart | suaart* | süürt | suurt | suurt | suurt | suurt | |
92 | 177 | night | Nacht | nacht | nacht | Noacht | Nacht | naacht | naacht | Noach* | naacht | naacht | nåcht | nåcht | naacht | |
178 | day | Tag | dag | dei | Dai | Dai | dai | dai | Dai | dai | däi | däi | doi | dai | ||
179 | year | Jahr | jaar | jier | Jier | Jaar | juar | juar | Djooar | iir | iir | iir | jeer | jäär | ||
93 | 180 | warm | warm | warm | waarm | woorm | wārem | warem | warem | waarem | woorm | woarm | wurm | wurm | worm | |
94 | 181 | cold | kalt | koud | kâld | koold | kuul | kuul | kuul | kuul | kööl | kool | kölj | koul | koul | |
95 | 182 | full | voll | vol | fol | ful | fol | fol | fol | fol | fol | fol | ful | ful | fol | |
96 | 183 | new | neu | nieuw | nij | nái | nii | nei | nei | nai | nai | nai | nai | nai | ||
184 | old | alt | oud | âld | oold | ual | ual | ual | ool | ual | uuil | üülj | uul | uul | ||
97 | 185 | good | gut | goed | goed | goud | gur | gud | gud | gud | gööd | guid | gödj | goud | goud | |
186 | bad | schlecht | slecht | min | sljucht, läip | ring, übel | slacht, ring, fülk | slacht, ring, fülk | slech | schocht, ring | hiinj, ring | hiinj | hiin, fül | hiin, ring, fül | ||
187 | rotten | verrottet | rot | ferrotte | ferrooted | forröötet, röötet | ferröödet | ferröödet | ferroo'et* | ferrooret | ferroosed | ferroo'et | ferroo(w)et | |||
188 | dirty | schmutzig | vuil | smoarch | keetich | füül, aasig, skitig | fül, skitjag | fül, ötjig | sketti | njoksi | nüüri | mjuksi | snausi, mjuksi, schiti | snausi, mjuksi, schiti | ||
189 | straight | gerade | recht | rjocht | liek | lik, liktu | lik | lik | lik | likto | lik | liküt, liktu | liküt, likto | |||
98 | 190 | round | rund | rond | rûn | ruund | trinj, trinjom, runt | trinj | trinj | rin | trin | trin, rund | trin | trin | trin | |
191 | sharp | scharf | scherp | skerp | skäärp | skarp | skarep | skarep | skarp | skarp | skärp | scharp | scharp | scharp | ||
192 | dull | stumpf | stomp, bot | stomp | stump | stump, bot | stomp | stomp | stomp | bol | bul | stump | stomp | |||
193 | smooth | glatt | glad | glêd | glääd | glēr | glääd | gleed | glaad | glat | glat | glat | glat | |||
194 | wet | nass, feucht | nat | wiet | wäit | wiit | wiat | wiat | eat | weet | wäit | wätj | wäit | wäit | ||
99 | 195 | dry | trocken | droog | droech | druuch | drüch | drüg | drüg | driig | druch | drüüg | dröög | drüch | drüch | |
196 | correct | richtig | juist, correct, richtig | krekt, ynoarder | gjucht | rocht, rochtig | rocht | rocht | rech | rocht | richti | rucht | rucht | rocht | ||
197 | near | nah(e) | dichtbij | tichteby | nai, ticht bie | nai | nai | nai | naibai, tachtbai | näi | nai, tacht | noi | nai | |||
198 | far | weit, fern | ver | fier | fier | fiir | fiar, widj wech | fiar, widj wech | wid wach | fiir | fiir | fiir, wid wäch | fiir, wid wäch | |||
199 | right | rechts | rechts | rjochts | gjuchts | rochts | rochts | rochts | rochts | rochts | ruchts | ruchts | rochts | |||
200 | left | links | links | lofts | links | left(s) | lachts | lachts | leeft | lee(r)ft | leefts | leefts | leefts | |||
English | German | Dutch | West Frisian | Saterland Frisian | Sölring | Öömrang | Fering | Halunder | Haliifreesk | Wiringhiirder | Frasch | Karhiirder | Hoolmer | Hoorninger | ||
201 | at | bei, an | aan, te, bij | by | bie | bi | bi, äät | bi | bi | bai | bai, äit | bai | bai | bai | ||
202 | in | in | in | yn | in | ön | uun | uun | uun | in, öön | än, oon | önj | oun | oun | ||
203 | with | mit | met | mei | mäd | me | mä | mä | med* | mä | mä | ma | mä | mä | ||
204 | and | und | en | en | un | en | an | an | en | än | än | än | än | än | ||
205 | if | wenn, falls, ob | als, indien | as | wan | wan, weđer | wan, weder | wan | wan | wän | wän, wir | wan | weer | wäär | ||
206 | because | weil | omdat, dewijl | omdat | deeruum dät, wil | aur(dat) | auer | auer dat | wiil, om dat | auer dat | aardat | ouerdåt | auerdat | auerdat | ||
100 | 207 | name | Name | naam | namme | Noome | Naam | nööm | nööm | Neem | noome | noome | noome | noome | noome |