-in
See also: Appendix:Variations of "in"
English
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-in
- (biochemistry) Used, as a modification of -ine, to form the names of a variety of types of compound; examples include proteins (globulin), carbohydrates (dextrin), dyes (alizarin) and others (vanillin).
- a neutral chemical compound
- an enzyme
- an antibiotic
- a pharmaceutical product
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From the particle in, modelled after sit-in. Compare -off.
Suffix
[edit]-in
- Attached to a word (usually a verb) to denote a protest, demonstration or other type of gathering characterized by the activity denoted by the base word.
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Harder, K. B. (1968) “Coinages of the Type of “Sit-In.””, in American Speech, volume 43, number 1, , pages 58–64
Etymology 3
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-in
- (proscribed, dialect) Alternative form of -ing.
Etymology 4
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-in
Anagrams
[edit]Azerbaijani
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-in
- Reflexive suffix.
- Suffix creating other types of verbs from other verbs.
Usage notes
[edit]Verbs with monosyllabic vowel-ending stems generally take a y before the suffixes -il, -in, or -iş:
Derived terms
[edit]no pages or subcategories
Etymology 2
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-in
- Suffix creating nouns from verbs.
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Suffix
[edit]| preceding vowel | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a / i | e / ə / i̇ | o / u | ö / ü | |
| postconsonantal except after L |
-ıl | -il | -ul | -ül |
| after L | -ın | -in | -un | -ün |
| postvocalic | -n | |||
-in
- Form of -il (“[passive suffix]”) after the vowels E / Ə / İ with the consonant L.
Derived terms
[edit]See -il.
Betawi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Commonly regarded as a borrowing from Balinese -in. Nothofer argues that it also conflates Proto-Malayic *-ən (ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *-ən) and *-i (ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-i), resulting in a different allomorphy and a more extensive use compared to the Balinese suffix. Compare Bangka -en, Minangkabau -an, and Kendayan -atn.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-in (non-active/imperative/basic -in, active N- -in, passive di- -in)
- Used to form benefactive aspect on a verb.
- Used to intensify a verb.
- Used to form causative aspect on a verb.
- Used to transitivize a verb.
Descendants
[edit]- → Indonesian: -in
References
[edit]- ^ Nothofer, Bernd (1995) “The history of Jakarta Malay”, in Oceanic Linguistics, volume 34, number 1, , page 91
Chuukese
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-in
Czech
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Old Czech -in, from Proto-Slavic *-inъ.
Suffix
[edit]-in (adjective-forming suffix)
- suffix deriving possessive adjectives from nouns of feminine gender, usually from proper and common personal nouns, sometimes also from nouns referring to animals
- matčin bratr ― mother's brother
Declension
[edit]| singular | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| animate | inanimate | |||
| nominative | -in | -ina | -ino | |
| genitive | -ina | -iny | -ina | |
| dative | -inu | -ině | -inu | |
| accusative | -ina | -in | -inu | -ino |
| locative | -ině, -inu | -ině | -ině, -inu | |
| instrumental | -iným | -inou | -iným | |
| plural | ||||
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| animate | inanimate | |||
| nominative | -ini | -iny | -ina | |
| genitive | -iných | |||
| dative | -iným | |||
| accusative | -iny | -ina | ||
| locative | -iných | |||
| instrumental | -inými | |||
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Hana Prouzová, Přivlastňovací přídavná jména na -ův, -in v současné češtině, Naše řeč, volume 47 (1964), issue 3
- The template Template:R:cs:Nase rec does not use the parameter(s):
number=4
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Jaroslava Hlavsová, K některým místním (nářečním) rozdílům v tvoření vztahových adjektiv v češtině, Naše řeč, volume 65 (1982)
Etymology 2
[edit]Borrowed from Latin -īnus, from Ancient Greek -ινος (-inos).
Suffix
[edit]-in m inan (noun-forming suffix)
- (chemistry) -ine (suffix used to form names of chemical substances)
- adenin ― adenine
- olomoucin ― olomoucine
Declension
[edit]Danish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Partly from Old French -in, -ine, from Latin -īnus, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos. And from Ancient Greek -ινος (-inos).
Suffix
[edit]-in
- (chemistry, nouns) Used to form names of chemical substances, especially basic (alkaline) substances, alkaloidal substances, or halogen elements.
- (adjectives) Of or pertaining to, characteristics.
Inflection Noun
[edit]gender |
singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | -in | -en | -er | -erne |
| genitive | -ins | -ens | -ers | -ernes |
Inflection Adjective
[edit]| positive | comparative | superlative | |
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite common singular | -in | — | —2 |
| indefinite neuter singular | -int | — | —2 |
| plural | -ine | — | —2 |
| definite attributive1 | -ine | — | — |
1 When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite,
the corresponding "indefinite" form is used.
2 The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.
Dutch
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Dutch -inne, from Old Dutch *-inna, from Proto-Germanic *-inī.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-in f (plural -innen, diminutive -innetje)
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Afrikaans: -in
Finnish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *-in (instrumental suffix), probably from Proto-Uralic *-ma.
Suffix
[edit]-in
- Forms inanimate instrumental nouns from verbs.
- Forms some diminutive nouns.
- Used to form the combining form of some verbs.
Declension
[edit]Back vowel harmony declension (includes vowels a, o, u)
| Inflection of -in (Kotus type 33/kytkin, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -in | -imet | |
| genitive | -imen | -imien -inten | |
| partitive | -inta | -imia | |
| illative | -imeen | -imiin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | -in | -imet | |
| accusative | nom. | -in | -imet |
| gen. | -imen | ||
| genitive | -imen | -imien -inten | |
| partitive | -inta | -imia | |
| inessive | -imessa | -imissa | |
| elative | -imesta | -imista | |
| illative | -imeen | -imiin | |
| adessive | -imella | -imilla | |
| ablative | -imelta | -imilta | |
| allative | -imelle | -imille | |
| essive | -imena | -imina | |
| translative | -imeksi | -imiksi | |
| abessive | -imetta | -imitta | |
| instructive | — | -imin | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
| Possessive forms of -in (Kotus type 33/kytkin, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Front vowel harmony declension (includes vowels ä, ö, y)
| Inflection of -in (Kotus type 33/kytkin, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -in | -imet | |
| genitive | -imen | -imien -inten | |
| partitive | -intä | -imiä | |
| illative | -imeen | -imiin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | -in | -imet | |
| accusative | nom. | -in | -imet |
| gen. | -imen | ||
| genitive | -imen | -imien -inten | |
| partitive | -intä | -imiä | |
| inessive | -imessä | -imissä | |
| elative | -imestä | -imistä | |
| illative | -imeen | -imiin | |
| adessive | -imellä | -imillä | |
| ablative | -imeltä | -imiltä | |
| allative | -imelle | -imille | |
| essive | -imenä | -iminä | |
| translative | -imeksi | -imiksi | |
| abessive | -imettä | -imittä | |
| instructive | — | -imin | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
| Possessive forms of -in (Kotus type 33/kytkin, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Note that if the stem has gradation, it is (almost always) preserved.
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *-in (superlative suffix) (related to Karelian -in), probably from Proto-Uralic *-ma. The oblique stem -impA, -immA is influenced by the oblique stem -mpA, -mmA of comparatives.
Suffix
[edit]-in
- Forms superlative adjectives.
Declension
[edit]Back vowel harmony declension (includes vowels a, o, u)
| Inflection of -in (Kotus type 36*H/sisin, mp-mm gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -in | -immat | |
| genitive | -imman | -impien -inten | |
| partitive | -inta | -impia | |
| illative | -impaan | -impiin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | -in | -immat | |
| accusative | nom. | -in | -immat |
| gen. | -imman | ||
| genitive | -imman | -impien -inten -impain rare | |
| partitive | -inta | -impia | |
| inessive | -immassa | -immissa | |
| elative | -immasta | -immista | |
| illative | -impaan | -impiin | |
| adessive | -immalla | -immilla | |
| ablative | -immalta | -immilta | |
| allative | -immalle | -immille | |
| essive | -impana | -impina | |
| translative | -immaksi | -immiksi | |
| abessive | -immatta | -immitta | |
| instructive | — | -immin | |
| comitative | — | -impine | |
| Possessive forms of -in (Kotus type 36*H/sisin, mp-mm gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Front vowel harmony declension (includes vowels ä, ö, y)
| Inflection of -in (Kotus type 36*H/sisin, mp-mm gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -in | -immät | |
| genitive | -immän | -impien -inten | |
| partitive | -intä | -impiä | |
| illative | -impään | -impiin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | -in | -immät | |
| accusative | nom. | -in | -immät |
| gen. | -immän | ||
| genitive | -immän | -impien -inten -impäin rare | |
| partitive | -intä | -impiä | |
| inessive | -immässä | -immissä | |
| elative | -immästä | -immistä | |
| illative | -impään | -impiin | |
| adessive | -immällä | -immillä | |
| ablative | -immältä | -immiltä | |
| allative | -immälle | -immille | |
| essive | -impänä | -impinä | |
| translative | -immäksi | -immiksi | |
| abessive | -immättä | -immittä | |
| instructive | — | -immin | |
| comitative | — | -impine | |
| Possessive forms of -in (Kotus type 36*H/sisin, mp-mm gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]See -n.
Suffix
[edit]-in
- Instructive plural suffix.
- kaksin käsin ― with two hands
- paljain silmin ― with bare eyes
- pitkin askelin ― with long steps
- hyvissä ajoin ― in good time
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 4
[edit]Probably by metathesis.
Suffix
[edit]-in (poetic)
- A variant for the first-person singular possessive suffix -ni.
- rakkain (for rakkaani)
- syödäksein (for syödäkseni)
Usage notes
[edit]The use of this suffix is restricted to cases where it is not preceded by a labial vowel (o, u, y, ö), the vowel i, a long vowel (it is shortened if necessary) or a diphthong (since it itself forms a diphthong). It is not used if the resulting word would be monosyllabic.
Etymology 5
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *-in (adjectival suffix), a variant of the diminutive suffix Proto-Finnic *-ma.
Suffix
[edit]-in
- (non-productive) Forms some adjectives.
Declension
[edit]Back vowel harmony declension (includes vowels a, o, u)
| Inflection of -in (Kotus type 33/kytkin, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -in | -imet | |
| genitive | -imen | -imien -inten | |
| partitive | -inta | -imia | |
| illative | -imeen | -imiin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | -in | -imet | |
| accusative | nom. | -in | -imet |
| gen. | -imen | ||
| genitive | -imen | -imien -inten | |
| partitive | -inta | -imia | |
| inessive | -imessa | -imissa | |
| elative | -imesta | -imista | |
| illative | -imeen | -imiin | |
| adessive | -imella | -imilla | |
| ablative | -imelta | -imilta | |
| allative | -imelle | -imille | |
| essive | -imena | -imina | |
| translative | -imeksi | -imiksi | |
| abessive | -imetta | -imitta | |
| instructive | — | -imin | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
| Possessive forms of -in (Kotus type 33/kytkin, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Front vowel harmony declension (includes vowels ä, ö, y)
| Inflection of -in (Kotus type 33/kytkin, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -in | -imet | |
| genitive | -imen | -imien -inten | |
| partitive | -intä | -imiä | |
| illative | -imeen | -imiin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | -in | -imet | |
| accusative | nom. | -in | -imet |
| gen. | -imen | ||
| genitive | -imen | -imien -inten | |
| partitive | -intä | -imiä | |
| inessive | -imessä | -imissä | |
| elative | -imestä | -imistä | |
| illative | -imeen | -imiin | |
| adessive | -imellä | -imillä | |
| ablative | -imeltä | -imiltä | |
| allative | -imelle | -imille | |
| essive | -imenä | -iminä | |
| translative | -imeksi | -imiksi | |
| abessive | -imettä | -imittä | |
| instructive | — | -imin | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
| Possessive forms of -in (Kotus type 33/kytkin, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 6
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *-den (genitive plural suffix for some nouns), from the nominative plural ending *-t + genitive ending *-n (with an epenthetic *-e-).
Suffix
[edit]-in (rare)
- Forms the genitive plural.
Usage notes
[edit]- Suffixed to the nominative singular but the final -i changes to -e-.
- Note, however, that the more common suffix for the genitive plural is -en added to the plural stem ending with i or j. A link consonant d is also sometimes present.
- Nowadays this suffix is rare and usually gives an archaic tone. Certain proper nouns, however, retain this, e.g. Yhdysvaltain, from Yhdysvallat ("United States", singular stem Yhdysvalta-), where also the more modern form Yhdysvaltojen is possible.
See also
[edit]Etymology 7
[edit]See -Vn (illative suffix).
Suffix
[edit]-in
- Suffix variant for the illative singular, see -Vn.
Anagrams
[edit]French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Latin -īnus, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-in (feminine -ine, masculine plural -ins, feminine plural -ines)
Suffix
[edit]-in m (plural -ins, feminine -ine)
- forms nouns with a diminutive or pejorative quality
Derived terms
[edit]Fula
[edit]Affix
[edit]-in
- (Pulaar) makes verbs causative
German
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle High German -inne, -in, from Old High German -inna, -in, from Proto-West Germanic *-ini, from Proto-Germanic *-inī.
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /ɪn/, [ɪn]
Audio: (file) - For speakers who realise -en as [ən], the distinction between both may at times be weak. However, most speakers have a syllabic nasal in -en and hence keep a very clear distinction.
Suffix
[edit]-in f (genitive -in, plural -innen)
- creates the female form for many nouns for living beings; umlaut usually occurs in monosyllables, but rarely in polysyllables
- Arbeitgeber (“employer”) + -in → Arbeitgeberin (“employer (female person or sexless company)”)
- Autor (“author”) + -in → Autorin (“author (female person, i.e. a female author or authoress, or sexless company, abstract thing)”)
- Gott (“god”) + -in → Göttin (“female god, goddess”)
- Hund (“dog”) + -in → Hündin (“female dog, she-dog, bitch”)
- Katze f (“cat”) + -in → Kätzin (“female cat, she-cat”)
- Sänger (“singer”) + -in → Sängerin (“female singer”)
- Pastor (“pastor”) + -in → Pastorin (“female pastor”)
- (dated) names the wife of a person
- (dated) creates female personal names (for wives and daughters)
- Schwarz (proper noun) → Schwarzin (a female person with the name Schwarz, that is the wife or daughter of someone named Schwarz)
- 1743, Grosses vollständiges Universal Lexicon aller Wissenschaften und Künste, Welche bishero durch menschlichen Verstand und Witz erfunden und verbessert worden […] Fünf und Dreyßigster Band Schle-Schwa, Leipzig & Hallle, page 2007:
- Schwartzin, (Sibylle) […] war eine Tochter Christian Schwartzens, […] gebohren 1621 […] und starb 1638 den 13 Jul.
- Schwartz (Sibylle [given name]) […] was a daughter of Christian Schwartz, […] born in 1621 […] and died on 13th July 1638.
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Esperanto: -ino
Etymology 2
[edit]From Latin -īnus, from Ancient Greek -ινος (-inos).
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-in n (genitive -ins, plural -ine)
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]From Proto-Slavic *-inъ.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-in n (genitive -ins)
- A suffix found in place names of Slavic origin, especially in northeastern Germany
Derived terms
[edit]Ido
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-in
- See -in-.
Indonesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Betawi -in, from Balinese -in.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-in (non-active/imperative/basic -in, active nge- -in, passive di- -in) (colloquial, dialectal, originally Jakarta)
- Used to form benefactive aspect on a verb.
- Used to intensify a verb.
- Used to form causative aspect on a verb.
- Used to transitivize a verb
Usage notes
[edit]- Can also be attached to adjectives.
Ingrian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *-inën. Cognates include Finnish -inen, -nen and Estonian -ne.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-in
- Forms adjectives indicating the material of which something is made; -en
- Forms diminutive nouns; -ie
Declension
[edit](back-vocalic)
|
(front-vocalic)
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Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *-in. Cognates include Finnish -in and Estonian -i.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-in
- Forms instrumental nouns from verbs.
Declension
[edit](back-vocalic)
|
(front-vocalic)
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Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-in
- inflection of -ia:
Irish
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-in f
Declension
[edit]
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Further reading
[edit]- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “-in”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Japanese
[edit]Romanization
[edit]-in
Livvi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *-in. Cognates include Finnish -in and Estonian -i.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-in
- Forms inanimate instrumental nouns from verbs.
Declension
[edit]This suffix needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms
[edit]Luxembourgish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle High German -inne, -in, -īn. Compare German -in.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-in
- used to form the female versions of agent nouns
Derived terms
[edit]Maltese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Arabic ـِينَ (-īna), oblique case form of ـُونَ (-ūna), masculine personal plural suffix.
Suffix
[edit]-in
- a common plural suffix
See also
[edit]Marshallese
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (phonetic) IPA(key): [ʲ‿inʲ, ˠ‿inʲ, ˠ‿ɯnʲ, ʷ‿inʲ, ʷ‿unʲ]
- (phonemic) IPA(key): /-inʲ/
- Bender phonemes: {-in}
Suffix
[edit]-in
Usage notes
[edit]This suffix is combined with nouns to create construct forms.
References
[edit]Middle Dutch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Dutch *-īn, from Proto-Germanic *-īnaz.
Suffix
[edit]-in
- -en; creates adjectives for the material of which something is made.
Alternative forms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Dutch: -en
Northern Sami
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Samic *-jnē, originally the essive case of a possessive adjective in *-j-.
Suffix
[edit]-in
- The ending of the comitative singular case.
Usage notes
[edit]- This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable.
Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Samic *-jnē, originally the plural essive form.
Suffix
[edit]-in
- The ending of the locative plural case.
Usage notes
[edit]- This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable.
Ojibwe
[edit]Final
[edit]-in
- act on by hand (often with a sense of holding an object)
Derived terms
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-in
- A suffix denoting the first-person singular to second-person singular form of a transitive animate verb (vta)
See also
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-in
- A local inverse them sign denoting that the second-person prefix gi- is the theme (object) of a transitive animate verb (vta) while the first-person agent (subject) is denoted by the verbal suffixes.
References
[edit]- The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/word-part/in-final
- The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/word-part/in-final-654923
Old Czech
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-inъ.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-in (adjective-forming suffix)
- suffix deriving possessive adjectives from nouns of feminine gender, usually from proper and common personal nouns, sometimes also from nouns referring to animals
Declension
[edit]| singular | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | -in | -ina | -ino | |
| genitive | -ina | -iny | -ina | |
| dative | -inu | -ině | -inu | |
| accusative | -ina, -in | -inu | -ino | |
| locative | -ině, -inu | -ině | -ině, -inu | |
| instrumental | -iným | -inú | -iným | |
| dual | ||||
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | -ina | -ině | ||
| genitive | -inú | |||
| dative | -inýma | |||
| accusative | -ina | -ině | ||
| locative | -inú | |||
| instrumental | -inýma | |||
| plural | ||||
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | -ini | -iny | -ina | |
| genitive | -iných | |||
| dative | -iným | |||
| accusative | -iny | -ina | ||
| locative | -iných | |||
| instrumental | -inými | |||
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Czech: -in
Old High German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *-īnaz.
Suffix
[edit]-īn
- used to create adjectives from nouns
Descendants
[edit]- German: -en
Old Norse
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-in
- inflection of -inn (adjective suffix):
- inflection of -inn (participle suffix):
- inflection of -inn (definite article suffix):
Old Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-inъ.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-in
- forms adjectives
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Pali
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Alternative scripts
Suffix
[edit]-in
- Adjective in -ī/-inī/-i, meaning possessing what is denoted by the base.
Usage notes
[edit]Independent vowels and vowel bearers are shown in the list of alternative forms to accord with basic grammar rules. These are converted to dependent vowels when the suffix is used.
Derived terms
[edit]Words using this suffix are listed in their own category. Note that normally only the Latin script forms are listed, as etymology sections are normally restricted to the Latin script form.
Polish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix
[edit]-in m inan
Declension
[edit]Declension of -in
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish -in, from Proto-Slavic *-inъ.
Suffix
[edit]-in
- Alternative form of -iny
Further reading
[edit]- -in in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]
Suffix
[edit]-in
Related terms
[edit]Scots
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle English -ing, from Old English -ing, -ung, from Proto-West Germanic *-ingu, *-ungu.
Suffix
[edit]-in
- Used to form present participles of verbs.
- Used to form nouns from verbs.
Etymology 2
[edit]From Middle English -ing, from Old English -ing.
Suffix
[edit]-in
- Forms diminutives or to form collectives.
References
[edit]- “-in, suff.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.
Spanish
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-in m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ines)
- Alternative form of -ing
Tagalog
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Philippine *-ən, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-ən, from Proto-Austronesian *-ən.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /in/ [ɪn̪], (colloquial) /en/ [ɛn̪]
- Rhymes: -in
- Syllabification: -in
Suffix
[edit]-in (verb-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜒᜈ᜔ or ᜁᜈ᜔)
- object trigger: to perform the action of the verb to someone or something
- Lulutuin ko ang isda. ― I will cook the fish (literally, “The fish will be cooked by me.”) (The fish is focused.)
- directional trigger: to do something in the (physical or psychological) direction of
- Dinalaw namin ang lola ni Olivia. ― We visited the grandmother of Olivia. (literally, “Olivia's grandmother was visited by us.”) (The grandmother is focused.)
- actor trigger: to be affected or overtaken by a condition, feeling or phenomenon
- Binabaha ang bahay niya. ― His house gets flooded. (His house is focused.)
- object trigger: (with root word reduplication) to do something occasionally, at random, a little, a bit, now and then or here and there
- Iniisip ko minsan ang nakaraan ko. ― I sometimes think about my past. (literally, “My past is sometimes thought about by me.”) (My past is focused.)
Suffix
[edit]-in (adjective-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜒᜈ᜔ or ᜁᜈ᜔)
- prone to, susceptible to
Suffix
[edit]-in (noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜒᜈ᜔ or ᜁᜈ᜔)
- an object of the action expressed by the root
- (Quezon) nature and origin suffix
- Quezon (“province”) + -in → Quezonin (“a native of Quezon”)
- Sampaloc (“municipality”) + -in → Sampalukin (“a native of Sampaloc, Quezon”)
- bayan (“town center or poblacion”) + -in → bayanin (“a local from the town center”)
- linang (“farm or remote area”) + -in → linangin (“a local from the farm”)
Usage notes
[edit]- Normally, /h/ is inserted before -in when the root word ends with a vowel that is not followed by a glottal stop. In some cases, phoneme change can occur and /h/ becomes /n/.
- Sometimes, the final vowel of the root word disappears when the suffix is added.
- Due to allophony, /d/ turns into /r/ when inserted before -in.
Derived terms
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Turkish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Turkic *-niŋ.
Suffix
[edit]-in
- Genitive case suffix for the nouns which end in a consonant
- öğretmen (“teacher”) + -in → öğretmenin (“teacher's/of the teacher”)
Usage notes
[edit]- It's used only when the word's last vowel is "e" or "i". It may change into -ün, -ın and -un according to the last vowel of the word.
- If the word ends in "p", "ç", "t" or "k", it may change them into "b", "c", "d" and "ğ" (see below).
- It may cause the last vowel of the word dropped.
- If the word ends in a vowel, it's used with an auxiliary consonant; "n".
- It must be used with an apostrophe if it's appended to a proper noun. It cannot cause consonant voicing (point 3).
- Canberk + -in → Canberk'in
Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Turkic *-iŋ.
Suffix
[edit]-in
- Second-person singular possessive suffix denoting singular possession in words ending in a consonant.
Usage notes
[edit]- If the noun ends in a vowel, it becomes -n
- It's used only when the word's last vowel is "e" or "i". It may change into -ün, -ın and -un according to the last vowel of the word.
- If the word ends in "p", "ç", "t" or "k", it may change them into "b", "c", "d" and "ğ".
- It may cause the last vowel of the word dropped.
- It must be used with an apostrophe if it's appended to a proper noun.
- Canberk + -in → Canberk'in
Etymology 3
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-in
Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Brythonic *-in, from Proto-Celtic *-īnos, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-in f
- forms nouns characterised by root
- (obsolete) forms adjectives from nouns, usually nouns of material
- forms adjectives from other adjectives
Usage notes
[edit]-in causes i-affection of preceding vowels, e.g., aur (“gold”) + -in → eurin (“golden”), garw (“rough”) + -in → gerwin (“severe, harsh”).
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-in”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Wolof
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-in
Categories:
- English clippings
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- en:Biochemistry
- English proscribed terms
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- Azerbaijani lemmas
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- Betawi terms borrowed from Balinese
- Betawi terms derived from Proto-Malayic
- Betawi terms derived from Balinese
- Betawi terms inherited from Proto-Malayic
- Betawi terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Betawi terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Betawi terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Betawi terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Betawi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Betawi lemmas
- Betawi suffixes
- Chuukese lemmas
- Chuukese suffixes
- Czech 1-syllable words
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Czech terms inherited from Old Czech
- Czech terms derived from Old Czech
- Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
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- Czech suffixes
- Czech adjective-forming suffixes
- Czech terms with usage examples
- Czech possessive adjectives
- Czech terms borrowed from Latin
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- cs:Chemistry
- Czech masculine inanimate nouns
- Czech hard masculine inanimate nouns
- Danish terms derived from Old French
- Danish terms derived from Latin
- Danish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Danish terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Danish lemmas
- Danish suffixes
- da:Chemistry
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
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- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch suffixes
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- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
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- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish suffixes
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- Finnish kytkin-type nominals
- Finnish adjective-forming suffixes
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- Finnish poetic terms
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- Finnish possessive suffix variants
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- French 1-syllable words
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- Pulaar
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German 1-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German suffixes
- German noun-forming suffixes
- German feminine suffixes
- German dated terms
- German terms with quotations
- German terms derived from Latin
- German terms derived from Ancient Greek
- German neuter suffixes
- de:Chemistry
- German terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Ido lemmas
- Ido suffixes
- Indonesian terms borrowed from Betawi
- Indonesian terms derived from Betawi
- Indonesian terms derived from Balinese
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian suffixes
- Indonesian colloquialisms
- Indonesian dialectal terms
- Jakarta Indonesian
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian suffixes
- Ingrian non-lemma forms
- Ingrian suffix forms
- Irish lemmas
- Irish suffixes
- Irish noun-forming suffixes
- Irish feminine suffixes
- ga:Biochemistry
- Irish second-declension nouns
- Japanese non-lemma forms
- Japanese romanizations
- Livvi terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Livvi terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Livvi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Livvi lemmas
- Livvi suffixes
- Luxembourgish terms inherited from Middle High German
- Luxembourgish terms derived from Middle High German
- Luxembourgish 1-syllable words
- Luxembourgish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Luxembourgish lemmas
- Luxembourgish suffixes
- Maltese terms inherited from Arabic
- Maltese terms derived from Arabic
- Maltese lemmas
- Maltese suffixes
- Marshallese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Marshallese lemmas
- Marshallese suffixes
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch lemmas
- Middle Dutch suffixes
- Middle Dutch adjective-forming suffixes
- Northern Sami terms with IPA pronunciation
- Northern Sami 1-syllable words
- Northern Sami terms inherited from Proto-Samic
- Northern Sami terms derived from Proto-Samic
- Northern Sami lemmas
- Northern Sami suffixes
- Northern Sami inflectional suffixes
- Ojibwe finals
- Ojibwe verb finals
- Ojibwe transitive inanimate verb finals
- Ojibwe transitive animate verb finals
- Ojibwe lemmas
- Ojibwe suffixes
- Ojibwe verb suffixes
- Ojibwe theme signs
- Old Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Czech lemmas
- Old Czech suffixes
- Old Czech adjective-forming suffixes
- Old Czech possessive adjectives
- Old High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old High German lemmas
- Old High German suffixes
- Old Norse non-lemma forms
- Old Norse suffix forms
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish suffixes
- Pali lemmas
- Pali suffixes
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/in
- Rhymes:Polish/in/1 syllable
- Polish lemmas
- Polish suffixes
- Polish masculine suffixes
- Polish inanimate suffixes
- pl:Chemistry
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Portuguese 1-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese suffixes
- Portuguese pronunciation spellings
- Scots terms with IPA pronunciation
- Scots terms inherited from Middle English
- Scots terms derived from Middle English
- Scots terms inherited from Old English
- Scots terms derived from Old English
- Scots terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Scots terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Scots lemmas
- Scots suffixes
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish suffixes
- Spanish noun-forming suffixes
- Spanish countable suffixes
- Spanish masculine suffixes
- Tagalog terms inherited from Proto-Philippine
- Tagalog terms derived from Proto-Philippine
- Tagalog terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Tagalog terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Tagalog terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Tagalog terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Tagalog 1-syllable words
- Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Tagalog/in
- Rhymes:Tagalog/in/1 syllable
- Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog suffixes
- Tagalog verb-forming suffixes
- Tagalog terms with Baybayin script
- Tagalog terms with usage examples
- Tagalog adjective-forming suffixes
- Tagalog noun-forming suffixes
- Quezon Tagalog
- Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish suffixes
- Turkish inflectional suffixes
- Turkish verb-forming suffixes
- Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic
- Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Welsh/ɪn
- Rhymes:Welsh/ɪn/1 syllable
- Welsh lemmas
- Welsh suffixes
- Welsh feminine suffixes
- Welsh terms with obsolete senses
- Wolof lemmas
- Wolof suffixes