-Vn
Finnish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From -hVn where the -h- has been elided between unstressed short vowels.
Suffix
[edit]-an, -en, -in, -on, -un, -yn, -än, -ön (linguistic notation -Vn, V corresponds to the preceding vowel)
- Forms the illative singular case.
Usage notes
[edit]- See the appendix on Finnish nominal cases for more information on how the illative case is used.
- Used after an unstressed short vowel. The vowel is the same as the final vowel in the stem, thus producing a long vowel.
| word | stem | illative |
|---|---|---|
| jalka | jalka- | jalkaan |
| miniä | miniä- | miniään |
| oikea | oikea- | oikeaan |
| tuli | tule- | tuleen |
Alternative forms
[edit]- (depending on the preceding vowel (i.e. lengthens the preceding vowel)) -an, -en, -in, -on, -un, -yn, -än, -ön
See also
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *-hën.
Originally a reflexive suffix, which developed into a third-person possessive suffix in Eastern Finnish, Karelian and Ingrian. Thus this was at first found only in the eastern dialects, but adopted into the standard language in the 19th century.[1]
Suffix
[edit]-an, -en, -än (linguistic notation -Vn, V corresponds to the preceding vowel)
- The shorter third-person possessive suffix.
Usage notes
[edit]Can always be replaced with -nsa, the longer third-person possessive suffix, but not the other way around. Specifically, -Vn can be used:
- when the vowel preceding -nsa is a short a, ä and e (general rule, but defers to the next two)
- for nominal inflections (including participles and adverbs derived from such), all cases except the nominative, genitive, illative and instructive
- for verbal inflections, the long 1st infinitive, the 2nd infinitive, and the 5th infinitive
Alternative forms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Petri Kallio (2021) “Kaksikko aina kaunihimpi? Itämerensuomalaisten possessiivisuffiksien taustaa”, in Taina Saarikivi, Janne Saarikivi, editors, Turhan tiedon kirja: Tutkimuksista pois jätettyjä sivuja (Kirjokansi; 291) (in Finnish), pages 157-173
Etymology 3
[edit]From the illative ending (-Vn, etymology 1) attached directly to the verb stem.
Suffix
[edit]-an, -en, -in, -on, -un, -yn, -än, -ön (linguistic notation -Vn, V corresponds to the preceding vowel) (colloquial)
- Alternative form of -maan
Usage notes
[edit]- Example: ottaan = standard ottamaan.
- Originally a Tavastian dialectal characteristic, but nowadays can be encountered in urban "non-dialectal" speech.