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jalka

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: jálka

Estonian

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Etymology

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Clipping of jalgpall.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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jalka (genitive jalka, partitive jalkat)

  1. (colloquial) footy, footie
    Synonym: jalgpall

Declension

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Declension of jalka (ÕS type 16/pere, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative jalka jalkad
accusative nom.
gen. jalka
genitive jalkade
partitive jalkat jalkasid
illative jalkasse jalkadesse
inessive jalkas jalkades
elative jalkast jalkadest
allative jalkale jalkadele
adessive jalkal jalkadel
ablative jalkalt jalkadelt
translative jalkaks jalkadeks
terminative jalkani jalkadeni
essive jalkana jalkadena
abessive jalkata jalkadeta
comitative jalkaga jalkadega

Finnish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *jalka, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *jalka.[1] Cognate with Livonian jālga, Erzya ялго (jalgo, on foot) and ялга (jalga, friend).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈjɑlkɑ/, [ˈjɑ̝lkɑ̝]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɑlkɑ
  • Hyphenation(key): jal‧ka

Noun

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jalka

  1. foot, leg; a lower supporting limb of a human or animal
    Menin sinne jalan.I went there by foot / on foot / afoot.
    jalankulkijapedestrian
  2. leg, foot (supporting protrusion in an inanimate object, e.g. a piece of furniture)
  3. base, pedestal (supporting bottom part of various objects)
  4. stipe (of a fungus)
  5. foot (unit of measure)
  6. (electronics) pin (of a microchip)
  7. kickstand

Usage notes

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jalka refers variously to the leg, foot or both. If context is required (such as in anatomy), jalkaterä is used for "foot" and jalka (or less commonly jalkavarsi) for "leg".

Declension

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Unlike with most other nouns, an instructive singular form exists.

Inflection of jalka (Kotus type 9*D/kala, k- gradation)
nominative jalka jalat
genitive jalan jalkojen
partitive jalkaa jalkoja
illative jalkaan jalkoihin
singular plural
nominative jalka jalat
accusative nom. jalka jalat
gen. jalan
genitive jalan jalkojen
jalkain rare
partitive jalkaa jalkoja
inessive jalassa jaloissa
elative jalasta jaloista
illative jalkaan jalkoihin
adessive jalalla jaloilla
ablative jalalta jaloilta
allative jalalle jaloille
essive jalkana jalkoina
translative jalaksi jaloiksi
abessive jalatta jaloitta
instructive jalan jaloin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of jalka (Kotus type 9*D/kala, k- gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative jalkani jalkani
accusative nom. jalkani jalkani
gen. jalkani
genitive jalkani jalkojeni
jalkaini rare
partitive jalkaani jalkojani
inessive jalassani jaloissani
elative jalastani jaloistani
illative jalkaani jalkoihini
adessive jalallani jaloillani
ablative jalaltani jaloiltani
allative jalalleni jaloilleni
essive jalkanani jalkoinani
translative jalakseni jaloikseni
abessive jalattani jaloittani
instructive jalkani
comitative jalkoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative jalkasi jalkasi
accusative nom. jalkasi jalkasi
gen. jalkasi
genitive jalkasi jalkojesi
jalkaisi rare
partitive jalkaasi jalkojasi
inessive jalassasi jaloissasi
elative jalastasi jaloistasi
illative jalkaasi jalkoihisi
adessive jalallasi jaloillasi
ablative jalaltasi jaloiltasi
allative jalallesi jaloillesi
essive jalkanasi jalkoinasi
translative jalaksesi jaloiksesi
abessive jalattasi jaloittasi
instructive jalkasi
comitative jalkoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative jalkamme jalkamme
accusative nom. jalkamme jalkamme
gen. jalkamme
genitive jalkamme jalkojemme
jalkaimme rare
partitive jalkaamme jalkojamme
inessive jalassamme jaloissamme
elative jalastamme jaloistamme
illative jalkaamme jalkoihimme
adessive jalallamme jaloillamme
ablative jalaltamme jaloiltamme
allative jalallemme jaloillemme
essive jalkanamme jalkoinamme
translative jalaksemme jaloiksemme
abessive jalattamme jaloittamme
instructive jalkamme
comitative jalkoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative jalkanne jalkanne
accusative nom. jalkanne jalkanne
gen. jalkanne
genitive jalkanne jalkojenne
jalkainne rare
partitive jalkaanne jalkojanne
inessive jalassanne jaloissanne
elative jalastanne jaloistanne
illative jalkaanne jalkoihinne
adessive jalallanne jaloillanne
ablative jalaltanne jaloiltanne
allative jalallenne jaloillenne
essive jalkananne jalkoinanne
translative jalaksenne jaloiksenne
abessive jalattanne jaloittanne
instructive jalkanne
comitative jalkoinenne

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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compounds

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “jalka”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja[1] (in Finnish), retrieved 2024-01-01

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Ingrian

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Kaks jalkaa (1).

Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *jalka, from Proto-Uralic *jalka. Cognates include Finnish jalka and Estonian jalg.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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jalka

  1. leg, foot
    olla jaloilbe on one's feet
    noissa jaloillestand up on one's feet
    • 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka[3], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 73:
      Paa kengät jalkaa.
      Put shoes on.
      (literally, “Put the shoes on the foot.”)
  2. leg (of furniture)
  3. foot (unit of measure)
  4. (botany) spur
    • 1937, V. A. Tetjurev, translated by N. J. Molotsova, Loonnontiito oppikirja alkușkoulua vart (toin osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 4:
      Jos katsoa [maitokukan] pöyhkiää harmaata palloa, kumpa tuli keltaisen kukan sihalle, ni siis näkkyy, jot se ono tekahunt pikkaraisist eri plodikoist, kumpiil ono pitkä jalka ja jalan otsaas pöyhkiä zontikka (kuva 1).
      If you look at [the dandelion's] fluffy, grey seedhead, which came at the place of the yellow flower, then it's seen, that it has formed from various tiny fruits, which have a long spur and at the end of the spur a fluffy achene (image 1).

Declension

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Declension of jalka (type 3/kana, k- gradation)
singular plural
nominative jalka jalat
genitive jalan jalkoin
partitive jalkaa jalkoja
illative jalkaa jalkoi
inessive jalas jalois
elative jalast jaloist
allative jalalle jaloille
adessive jalal jaloil
ablative jalalt jaloilt
translative jalaks jaloiks
essive jalkanna, jalkaan jalkoinna, jalkoin
exessive1) jalkant jalkoint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Synonyms

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Hyponyms

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Derived terms

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See also

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Traditional Ingrian units of length
(part) 500 13 13 29 17 112 121 184
native name versta syli arššina harkkamus kyynärä jalka vaaksa käsi djuima
SI equivalent 1.07 km. 2.13 m. 71.1 cm. 71.0 cm 47.4 cm. 30.5 cm. 17.8 cm. 10.2 cm. 2.54 cm.

References

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  • Fedor Tumansky (1790) “ялка”, in Опытъ повѣствованїя о дѣянїях, положенїи, состоянїи и раздѣленїи Санкт-Петербургской губернїи [An experiment of an account of the acts, location, condition and division of the Saint Petersburg gubernia], Краткїй словарь ижерскаго, финскаго, эстонскаго, чюдскаго, и ямскаго нарѣчїя съ россїйскимъ переводомъ [A short dictionary of the Ingrian, Finnish, Estonian, Chud and Yamtian dialects with a Russian translation], page 679
  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 100
  • Olga I. Konkova, Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку[4], →ISBN, page 54

Karelian

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Regional variants of jalka
North Karelian
(Viena)
jalka
South Karelian
(Tver)
jalga

Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *jalka. Cognates include Finnish jalka and Estonian jalg.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈjɑlkɑ/
  • Hyphenation: jal‧ka

Noun

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jalka (genitive jalan, partitive jalkua)

  1. (North Karelian) foot, leg

Declension

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Viena Karelian declension of jalka (type 4/kala, k- gradation)
singular plural
nominative jalka jalat
genitive jalan jalkojen
partitive jalkua jalkoja
illative jalkah jalkoih
inessive jalašša jaloissa
elative jalašta jaloista
adessive jalalla jaloilla
ablative jalalta jaloilta
translative jalakši jaloiksi
essive jalkana jalkoina
comitative jaloineh
abessive jalatta jaloitta
Possessive forms of jalka
1st person jalkani
2nd person jalkaš
3rd person jalkah
*) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses.

References

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  • P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015) “нога”, in Venäjä-Viena Šanakirja [Russian-Viena Karelian Dictionary], →ISBN