User:Sarri.greek/verbs/vowel stems

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my notes: Verbs >> 1st conjugation >> vowel ending stems

Vowel ending stems

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Modern Greek >> verbs >> by inflection type >> 1st Conjugation >> vowel stems

NOTE: the actives of group λύω (διαλύω) and group κλείω (αποκλείω) are identical. Their passives differ (the ppp).
the vowel-stem verbs -€ω, -€ομαι

Irregulars:



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Pattern of stems [∅-s-θ-∅]. This group includes verbs with

Verbs λύω, δέω, δύω, χέω & ιδρύω, ισχύω, μηνύω form many compounds.

[€o] [∅-s-θ-∅] Category:Greek verb conjugation group 'λύω' The λύω-δύω-δέω-χέω group
        act+pass CAT like διαλύω, διέλυσα/διάλυσα, διαλύθηκα, διαλυμένος
            with bisyllabics like: λύω, έλυσα, λύθηκα, λυμένος
        only active CAT like παραλύω, παρέλυσα, παραλυμένος
        only passive CAT like καταδύομαι, καταδύθηκα, ...

[€o] [∅-s-θ-∅] -ύω and -έω (-ύω, -σα-, θηκα, -μένος) i.05+06
The bisyllabics of this group (with augment), are

Other verbs forming compounds: ιδρύω ισχύω κωλύω μηνύω
List of verbs

About compounds:

Impersonals:



irregulars



group κλείω

Pattern of stems [∅-s-st(sθ)-s]. This group includes verbs with

Verbs (κλείω), κρούω, σείω & ελκύω form many compounds.

[€o] [∅-s-st{sθ}-s[zmenos]] Category:Greek verb conjugation group 'κλείω' - Τhe κλείω-κρούω-σείω-ελκύω group
        act+pass CAT like αποκλείω, απέκλεισα, αποκλείστηκα, αποκλεισμένος
            with bisyllabics like κρούω, έκρουσα, κρούστηκα, κρουσμένος
        only active like προσκρούω, προσέκρουσα
        only passive like συγκρούομαι, συγκρούστ{σθ}ηκα

[€o] [∅-s-st{sθ}-s[zmenos]] (-΄ω, -σα, -στηκα-σθηκα}, -σμένος) i.40+41
The bisyllabics of this group (with augment), are

Also ελκύω gives many compounds.
List of verbs

About compounds:

Impersonals:

About σθ-

  • These are mostly ancient verbs. Speakers are incluenced by this, and sometimes use for passive past the formal ‑σθ‑ forms, at a ratio between 1:15 to 1:4 (@google, 2018)

About [zm] pronunciation of the participle:

  • σμένος *[smenos] becomes [zmemnos]: apoklizmenos (αποκλεισμένος) because:
    RULE: σ [s] before voiced consonant (as [m] is) becomes voiced too: > [z]




group πνέω

Pattern of stems [∅-fs-fst/fsθ-fspronounced vz]. This group includes verbs with

Verbs πλέω, πνέω, ρέω form many compounds.

[eo] [∅-fs-fst{fsθ}-fs[vzmenos]] Category:Greek verb conjugation group 'πνέω' The πλέω-πνέω-ρέω group
        act+pass CAT like εμπνέω, ενέπνευσα, εμπνεύστηκα/{εμπνεύσθηκα}, εμπνευσμένος
            with bisyllabics like: ρέω, έρρευσα
        only active CAT like επιπλέω, επέπλευσα

[eo] [∅-fs-fst{fsθ}-fs[vzmenos]] (-έω, -ευσα, -εύστηκα/-εύσθηκα, -ευσμένος)
Learned verbs from ancient greek & compounds. i.42+43
The bisyllabics of this group are:

List of verbs:

About compounds:

  • All compounds have internal augment.
  • compound with and without augment: αναπνέω, ανέπνευσα/ανάπνευσα

About -σθ- in passive forms:

  • Almost all passive past, may be uttered with -σθ- in a formal style. These are ancient verbs. Speakers are influenced by this, and sometimes use for the passive past the formal ‑σθ‑ forms instead of ‑στ‑.

About double ρρ at ρέω

About [vzm] pronunciation of the participle:

  • ευσμ *[fsm] becomes [vzm]: embnevzménos (εμπνευσμένος) because:
    RULE: σ [s] before voiced consonant (as [m] is) becomes voiced too: > [z]
    RULE: [f] (as in ευ..) before voiced consonant (as [z] is) becomes voiced too: > [v]

τίω

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νύω from νυμι

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[$νύω] [$νύ-ks-xθ-γ] Category:Greek verbs conjugating like 'αποδεικνύω'

Τhe ancient 2nd conjugation (without thematic vowel) in -μι with a -νυ- behind it: (like δείκνυμι δεικ‑νυ‑μι) evolved to ‑ύω (δεικνύω < δεικ‑νυ‑ω) quite early. Some of these -ύω forms, survive in Modern Greek. Others, have evolved further, becoming -ώνω or -άω/ώ modern verbs.

  • These are not to be confused with the -ύω verbs from Group 'λύω', where the υ is part of the stem.

List of verbs {ancient} and modernpolytonic, monotonic

Other -μι descendants which did NOT retain -ύω, but evolved further on:

Also see


Irregular with contracted present

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[€o] Category:Greek irregular contracted verbs
Vowel-ending irregular verbs with short forms of active present at 2nd singular and all plural, and some imperative forms.
€ω, €ς, €ει, €με, €τε, €ν(ε). The expected endings would have been: €ω, €εις, €ει, €ουμε, €ετε, €ουν(ε)
They also have other irregularities. They are:

# present 2nd person imperfect past p-past ppp
01) ακούω ακούς (& ακούεις) άκουγα άκουσα ακούστηκα ακουσμένος
02) καίω καις έκαιγα έκαψα κάηκα καμένος
03) κλαίω & κλαίγω κλαις (& κλαίεις) έκλαιγα έκλαψα κλαύτηκα κλαμένος
04) λέω & λέγω λες[λέγεις] έλεγα πω ειπώθηκα/λέχθηκα ειπωμένος
05) πάω & πηγαίνω παςπηγαίνεις πήγαινα πήγα .. (πηγεμένος)
06) σκάω & σκάζω σκαςσκάζεις έσκαγα έσκασα .. σκασμένος
07) σπάω (σπω) & σπάζω σπαςσπάζεις έσπαγα (σπούσα) έσπασα .. σπασμένος
08) τρώω & τρώγω τρως[τρώγεις] έτρωγα έφαγα φαγώθηκα φαγωμένος
09) φταίω φταις έφταιγα έφταιξα .. ..
10) φυλάω & φυλάγω φυλάςφυλάγεις φύλαγα φύλαξα φυλάχτηκα φυλαγμένος

and their compounds.

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