λέγω
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Hellenic *légō, from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to collect, gather”). Cognates include Latin legō and Albanian mbledh.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /lé.ɡɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈle.ɡo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈle.ɣo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈle.ɣo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈle.ɣo/
Verb
[edit]λέγω • (légō)
- to put in order, arrange, gather
- to choose, count, reckon
- to say, speak
- (usually passive voice) to call, name
Usage notes
[edit]All tenses besides present and imperfect are generally limited to Homer and other earlier writers (although they remain in compound words such as ἀπολέγω (apolégō), ἐκλέγω (eklégō), and καταλέγω (katalégō)).
Inflection
[edit]number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | λέγω | λέγεις | λέγει | λέγετον | λέγετον | λέγομεν | λέγετε | λέγουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | λέγω | λέγῃς | λέγῃ | λέγητον | λέγητον | λέγωμεν | λέγητε | λέγωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | λέγοιμῐ | λέγοις | λέγοι | λέγοιτον | λεγοίτην | λέγοιμεν | λέγοιτε | λέγοιεν | |||||
imperative | λέγε | λεγέτω | λέγετον | λεγέτων | λέγετε | λεγόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | λέγομαι | λέγῃ, λέγει |
λέγεται | λέγεσθον | λέγεσθον | λεγόμεθᾰ | λέγεσθε | λέγονται | ||||
subjunctive | λέγωμαι | λέγῃ | λέγηται | λέγησθον | λέγησθον | λεγώμεθᾰ | λέγησθε | λέγωνται | |||||
optative | λεγοίμην | λέγοιο | λέγοιτο | λέγοισθον | λεγοίσθην | λεγοίμεθᾰ | λέγοισθε | λέγοιντο | |||||
imperative | λέγου | λεγέσθω | λέγεσθον | λεγέσθων | λέγεσθε | λεγέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | λέγειν | λέγεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | λέγων | λεγόμενος | ||||||||||
f | λέγουσᾰ | λεγομένη | |||||||||||
n | λέγον | λεγόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔλεγον | ἔλεγες | ἔλεγε(ν) | ἐλέγετον | ἐλεγέτην | ἐλέγομεν | ἐλέγετε | ἔλεγον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐλεγόμην | ἐλέγου | ἐλέγετο | ἐλέγεσθον | ἐλεγέσθην | ἐλεγόμεθᾰ | ἐλέγεσθε | ἐλέγοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | λέξω | λέξεις | λέξει | λέξετον | λέξετον | λέξομεν | λέξετε | λέξουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | λέξοιμῐ | λέξοις | λέξοι | λέξοιτον | λεξοίτην | λέξοιμεν | λέξοιτε | λέξοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | λέξομαι | λέξῃ, λέξει |
λέξεται | λέξεσθον | λέξεσθον | λεξόμεθᾰ | λέξεσθε | λέξονται | ||||
optative | λεξοίμην | λέξοιο | λέξοιτο | λέξοισθον | λεξοίσθην | λεξοίμεθᾰ | λέξοισθε | λέξοιντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | λέξειν | λέξεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | λέξων | λεξόμενος | ||||||||||
f | λέξουσᾰ | λεξομένη | |||||||||||
n | λέξον | λεξόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
passive | indicative | ἐλέγην | ἐλέγης | ἐλέγη | ἐλέγητον | ἐλεγήτην | ἐλέγημεν | ἐλέγητε | ἐλέγησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | λεγῶ | λεγῇς | λεγῇ | λεγῆτον | λεγῆτον | λεγῶμεν | λεγῆτε | λεγῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | λεγείην | λεγείης | λεγείη | λεγεῖτον, λεγείητον |
λεγείτην, λεγειήτην |
λεγεῖμεν, λεγείημεν |
λεγεῖτε, λεγείητε |
λεγεῖεν, λεγείησᾰν | |||||
imperative | λέγηθῐ | λεγήτω | λέγητον | λεγήτων | λέγητε | λεγέντων | |||||||
passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | λεγῆναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | λεγείς | |||||||||||
f | λεγεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | λεγέν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | λέλεγμαι | λέλεξαι | λέλεκται | λέλεχθον | λέλεχθον | λελέγμεθᾰ | λέλεχθε | λελέγᾰται | ||||
subjunctive | λελεγμένος ὦ | λελεγμένος ᾖς | λελεγμένος ᾖ | λελεγμένω ἦτον | λελεγμένω ἦτον | λελεγμένοι ὦμεν | λελεγμένοι ἦτε | λελεγμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | λελεγμένος εἴην | λελεγμένος εἴης | λελεγμένος εἴη | λελεγμένω εἴητον/εἶτον | λελεγμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | λελεγμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | λελεγμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | λελεγμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
imperative | λέλεξο | λελέχθω | λέλεχθον | λελέχθων | λέλεχθε | λελέχθων | |||||||
middle/passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | λελέχθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | λελεγμένος | |||||||||||
f | λελεγμένη | ||||||||||||
n | λελεγμένον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Also: Aorist athematic middle indicative 3rd singular, Epic: λέκτο (lékto) (Odyssey 4,451; 9,335)
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Greek: -λέγω (-légo) (in compounds, sense: choose)
References
[edit]- “λέγω (B)”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
Verb
[edit]λέγω • (légō)
Usage notes
[edit]For the meaning "say, speak", forms derived from other roots are more commonly used (suppletion): the future ἐρέω (eréō), future passive ῥηθήσομαι (rhēthḗsomai), and perfect εἴρηκᾰ (eírēka) from εἴρω (eírō), as well as the aorist εἶπον (eîpon).
Inflection
[edit]number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | λέγω | λέγεις | λέγει | λέγετον | λέγετον | λέγομεν | λέγετε | λέγουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | λέγω | λέγῃς | λέγῃ | λέγητον | λέγητον | λέγωμεν | λέγητε | λέγωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | λέγοιμῐ | λέγοις | λέγοι | λέγοιτον | λεγοίτην | λέγοιμεν | λέγοιτε | λέγοιεν | |||||
imperative | λέγε | λεγέτω | λέγετον | λεγέτων | λέγετε | λεγόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | λέγομαι | λέγῃ, λέγει |
λέγεται | λέγεσθον | λέγεσθον | λεγόμεθᾰ | λέγεσθε | λέγονται | ||||
subjunctive | λέγωμαι | λέγῃ | λέγηται | λέγησθον | λέγησθον | λεγώμεθᾰ | λέγησθε | λέγωνται | |||||
optative | λεγοίμην | λέγοιο | λέγοιτο | λέγοισθον | λεγοίσθην | λεγοίμεθᾰ | λέγοισθε | λέγοιντο | |||||
imperative | λέγου | λεγέσθω | λέγεσθον | λεγέσθων | λέγεσθε | λεγέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | λέγειν | λέγεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | λέγων | λεγόμενος | ||||||||||
f | λέγουσᾰ | λεγομένη | |||||||||||
n | λέγον | λεγόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔλεγον | ἔλεγες | ἔλεγε(ν) | ἐλέγετον | ἐλεγέτην | ἐλέγομεν | ἐλέγετε | ἔλεγον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐλεγόμην | ἐλέγου | ἐλέγετο | ἐλέγεσθον | ἐλεγέσθην | ἐλεγόμεθᾰ | ἐλέγεσθε | ἐλέγοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | λέξω | λέξεις | λέξει | λέξετον | λέξετον | λέξομεν | λέξετε | λέξουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | λέξοιμῐ | λέξοις | λέξοι | λέξοιτον | λεξοίτην | λέξοιμεν | λέξοιτε | λέξοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | λέξομαι | λέξῃ, λέξει |
λέξεται | λέξεσθον | λέξεσθον | λεξόμεθᾰ | λέξεσθε | λέξονται | ||||
optative | λεξοίμην | λέξοιο | λέξοιτο | λέξοισθον | λεξοίσθην | λεξοίμεθᾰ | λέξοισθε | λέξοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | λεχθήσομαι | λεχθήσῃ | λεχθήσεται | λεχθήσεσθον | λεχθήσεσθον | λεχθησόμεθᾰ | λεχθήσεσθε | λεχθήσονται | ||||
optative | λεχθησοίμην | λεχθήσοιο | λεχθήσοιτο | λεχθήσοισθον | λεχθησοίσθην | λεχθησοίμεθᾰ | λεχθήσοισθε | λεχθήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | λέξειν | λέξεσθαι | λεχθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
participle | m | λέξων | λεξόμενος | λεχθησόμενος | |||||||||
f | λέξουσᾰ | λεξομένη | λεχθησομένη | ||||||||||
n | λέξον | λεξόμενον | λεχθησόμενον | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | λελέξομαι | λελέξῃ, λελέξει |
λελέξεται | λελέξεσθον | λελέξεσθον | λελεξόμεθᾰ | λελέξεσθε | λελέξονται | ||||
optative | λελεξοίμην | λελέξοιο | λελέξοιτο | λελέξοισθον | λελεξοίσθην | λελεξοίμεθᾰ | λελέξοισθε | λελέξοιντο | |||||
middle/passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | λελέξεσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | λελεξόμενος | |||||||||||
f | λελεξομένη | ||||||||||||
n | λελεξόμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- ἀμφιλέγω (amphilégō, “to dispute, to doubt”)
- ἀντιλέγω (antilégō, “to speak against”)
- ἀπολέγω (apolégō, “to pick out from; decline, refuse; speak fully (2nd sense)”)
- διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “to converse, hold a discussion, debate, argue”)
- ἐπαναλέγω (epanalégō, “to repeat”)
- καταλέγω (katalégō, “to reckon, tell at length and in order”)
- παραλέγω (paralégō, “to speak beside the purpose”)
- παραπρολέγω (paraprolégō, “to prophesy falsely”)
- προδιαλέγω (prodialégō, “to discuss before”)
- προλέγω (prolégō, “to foretell”)
- προσλέγω (proslégō, “to add, say in addition”)
- πρωτολόγος (prōtológos, “ speaking first ”)
- ὑπολέγω (hupolégō, “to dictate”)
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “λέγω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 841-2
Further reading
[edit]- “λέγω (B)”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “λέγω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “λέγω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- λέγω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- λέγω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “λέγω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G3004 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- allude to idem, page 25.
- aver idem, page 55.
- bid idem, page 78.
- call idem, page 108.
- command idem, page 146.
- declare idem, page 201.
- describe idem, page 214.
- ejaculate idem, page 263.
- exclaim idem, page 289.
- express idem, page 295.
- harangue idem, page 384.
- heart idem, page 392.
- impart idem, page 419.
- mean idem, page 519.
- mention idem, page 524.
- name idem, page 550.
- namely idem, page 550.
- narrate idem, page 551.
- observe idem, page 567.
- read idem, page 675.
- record idem, page 681.
- recount idem, page 681.
- refer idem, page 684.
- rehearse idem, page 688.
- relate idem, page 689.
- remark idem, page 692.
- repeat idem, page 696.
- report idem, page 697.
- say idem, page 736.
- speak idem, page 798.
- speech idem, page 800.
- state idem, page 812.
- style idem, page 830.
- talk idem, page 854.
- tell idem, page 859.
- term idem, page 862.
- word idem, page 987.
Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Ancient Greek λέγω (légō) (λέγω, sense: 'say').
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]λέγω • (légo) (past είπα, passive λέγομαι)
Conjugation
[edit]- see: λέω (léo)
Derived terms
[edit]From the ancient λέγω, sense: 'say'
- αντιλέγω (antilégo, “object, contradict”)
- διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “converse with”)
- προλέγω (prolégo, “say beforehand”)
- συνδιαλέγομαι (syndialégomai, “converse with”)
- and from form λέω (léo), πρωτολέω (protoléo, “say for the first time”)
See also
[edit]From the ancient λέγω, sense: 'choose'
- αποδιαλέγω (apodialégo, “pick”) (colloquial)
- διαλέγω (dialégo, “choose”)
- εκλέγω (eklégo, “elect”)
- επανεκλέγω (epaneklégo, “reelect”)
- επιλέγω (epilégo, “choose, pick”)
- καταλέγομαι (katalégomai, “be included, registered”)
- ξεδιαλέγω (xedialégo, “pick among”)
- περισυλλέγω (perisyllégo, “choose, pick”)
- προεπιλέγω (proepilégo, “choose beforehand”)
- συγκαταλέγω (sygkatalégo, “include”)
- συλλέγω (syllégo, “collect”)
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *leǵ-
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek suppletive verbs
- grc:Talking
- Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek lemmas
- Greek verbs
- Greek formal terms