ὄμνυμι

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃emh₃- (“to swear”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /óm.nyː.mi/ → /ˈom.ny.mi/ → /ˈom.ni.mi/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /óm.nyː.mi/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈom.ny.mi/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈom.ny.mi/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈom.ny.mi/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈom.ni.mi/

Verb

ὄμνῡμῐ • (ómnūmi)

1. to swear
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 19.175
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.279
   • 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 282
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 19.108
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 14.331
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 19.288
   • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1284
   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Halonnesus 10
   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Rhetoric 1377A.11
2. to swear a thing, affirm or confirm by oath
   1. (followed by accusative)
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 19.187
      • 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 1145
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Agesilaus 1.11
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.47
      • 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 32
      • 341 BCE, Demosthenes, Third Philippic 16
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.30
   2. (followed by infinitive) swear that one will...
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 21.373
      • 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 623
      • 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 941
      • 361 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Midias 188
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.76
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 10.321
      • 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Against Philon 1
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 5.3.26
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 7.7.40
      • 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 357
      • 361 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Midias 119
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.179
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Aristocrates 170
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 6.1.31
   3. (absolute)
      • 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 215D
3. (with accusative of person or thing sworn by)
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 14.271
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.585
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.40
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.7
   • 467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 529
   • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 1185
   • 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 217
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 6.6.17
   • 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 248
   • 440 BCE – 390 BCE, Andocides, On the Mysteries 97
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.47
   • 361 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Midias 119
   • 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, The Symposium 32
   • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Otho 18
   • 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 38.20.5
   • 70 CE – 110 CE, The Gospel of Matthew 23:!6
   • c. 440 BCE, Euripides, Rhesus 816
   • 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 1241

Inflection

   Present: ὄμνῡμῐ, ὄμνῠμαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὄμνῡμῐ	ὄμνῡς	ὄμνῡσῐ(ν)	ὄμνῠτον	ὄμνῠτον	ὄμνῠμεν	ὄμνῠτε	ὀμνῠ́ᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ὀμνῠ́ω	ὀμνῠ́ῃς	ὀμνῠ́ῃ	ὀμνῠ́ητον	ὀμνῠ́ητον	ὀμνῠ́ωμεν	ὀμνῠ́ητε	ὀμνῠ́ωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ὀμνῠ́οιμῐ	ὀμνῠ́οις	ὀμνῠ́οι	ὀμνῠ́οιτον	ὀμνῠοίτην	ὀμνῠ́οιμεν	ὀμνῠ́οιτε	ὀμνῠ́οιεν
	imperative		ὄμνῡ	ὀμνῠ́τω	ὄμνῠτον	ὀμνῠ́των		ὄμνῠτε	ὀμνῠ́ντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ὄμνῠμαι	ὄμνῠσαι	ὄμνῠται	ὄμνῠσθον	ὄμνῠσθον	ὀμνῠ́μεθα	ὄμνῠσθε	ὄμνῠνται
	subjunctive	ὀμνῠ́ωμαι	ὀμνῠ́ῃ	ὀμνῠ́ηται	ὀμνῠ́ησθον	ὀμνῠ́ησθον	ὀμνῠώμεθᾰ	ὀμνῠ́ησθε	ὀμνῠ́ωνται
	optative	ὀμνῠοίμην	ὀμνῠ́οιο	ὀμνῠ́οιτο	ὀμνῠ́οισθον	ὀμνῠοίσθην	ὀμνῠοίμεθᾰ	ὀμνῠ́οισθε	ὀμνῠ́οιντο
	imperative		ὄμνῠσο	ὀμνῠ́σθω	ὄμνῠσθον	ὀμνῠ́σθων		ὄμνῠσθε	ὀμνῠ́σθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ὀμνῠ́ναι				ὄμνῠσθαι
participle	m	ὀμνῡ́ς				ὀμνῠ́μενος
	f	ὀμνῦσᾰ				ὀμνῠμένη
	n	ὀμνῠ́ν				ὀμνῠ́μενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ὤμνῡν, ὠμνῠ́μην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὤμνῡν	ὤμνῡς	ὤμνῡ	ὤμνῠτον	ὠμνῠ́την	ὤμνῠμεν	ὤμνῠτε	ὤμνῠσᾰν
middle/ passive	indicative	ὠμνῠ́μην	ὤμνῠσο	ὤμνῠτο	ὤμνῠσθον	ὠμνῠ́σθην	ὠμνῠ́μεθᾰ	ὤμνῠσθε	ὤμνῠντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: ὀμέω, ὀμέομαι, ὀμοσθήσομαι (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὀμέω	ὀμέεις	ὀμέει	ὀμέετον	ὀμέετον	ὀμέομεν	ὀμέετε	ὀμέουσῐ(ν)
	optative	ὀμέοιμῐ	ὀμέοις	ὀμέοι	ὀμέοιτον	ὀμεοίτην	ὀμέοιμεν	ὀμέοιτε	ὀμέοιεν
middle	indicative	ὀμέομαι	ὀμέῃ, ὀμέει	ὀμέεται	ὀμέεσθον	ὀμέεσθον	ὀμεόμεθᾰ	ὀμέεσθε	ὀμέονται
	optative	ὀμεοίμην	ὀμέοιο	ὀμέοιτο	ὀμέοισθον	ὀμεοίσθην	ὀμεοίμεθᾰ	ὀμέοισθε	ὀμέοιντο
passive	indicative	ὀμοσθήσομαι	ὀμοσθήσῃ	ὀμοσθήσεται	ὀμοσθήσεσθον	ὀμοσθήσεσθον	ὀμοσθησόμεθᾰ	ὀμοσθήσεσθε	ὀμοσθήσονται
	optative	ὀμοσθησοίμην	ὀμοσθήσοιο	ὀμοσθήσοιτο	ὀμοσθήσοισθον	ὀμοσθησοίσθην	ὀμοσθησοίμεθᾰ	ὀμοσθήσοισθε	ὀμοσθήσοιντο
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ὀμέειν			ὀμέεσθαι		ὀμοσθήσεσθαι
participle	m	ὀμέων			ὀμεόμενος		ὀμοσθησόμενος
	f	ὀμέουσᾰ			ὀμεομένη		ὀμοσθησομένη
	n	ὀμέον			ὀμεόμενον		ὀμοσθησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: ὀμῶ, ὀμοῦμαι, ὀμοσθήσομαι (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὀμῶ	ὀμεῖς	ὀμεῖ	ὀμεῖτον	ὀμεῖτον	ὀμοῦμεν	ὀμεῖτε	ὀμοῦσῐ(ν)
	optative	ὀμοίην, ὀμοῖμῐ	ὀμοίης, ὀμοῖς	ὀμοίη, ὀμοῖ	ὀμοῖτον, ὀμοίητον	ὀμοίτην, ὀμοιήτην	ὀμοῖμεν, ὀμοίημεν	ὀμοῖτε, ὀμοίητε	ὀμοῖεν, ὀμοίησᾰν
middle	indicative	ὀμοῦμαι	ὀμῇ	ὀμεῖται	ὀμεῖσθον	ὀμεῖσθον	ὀμούμεθᾰ	ὀμεῖσθε	ὀμοῦνται
	optative	ὀμοίμην	ὀμοῖο	ὀμοῖτο	ὀμοῖσθον	ὀμοίσθην	ὀμοίμεθᾰ	ὀμοῖσθε	ὀμοῖντο
passive	indicative	ὀμοσθήσομαι	ὀμοσθήσῃ	ὀμοσθήσεται	ὀμοσθήσεσθον	ὀμοσθήσεσθον	ὀμοσθησόμεθᾰ	ὀμοσθήσεσθε	ὀμοσθήσονται
	optative	ὀμοσθησοίμην	ὀμοσθήσοιο	ὀμοσθήσοιτο	ὀμοσθήσοισθον	ὀμοσθησοίσθην	ὀμοσθησοίμεθᾰ	ὀμοσθήσοισθε	ὀμοσθήσοιντο
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ὀμεῖν			ὀμεῖσθαι		ὀμοσθήσεσθαι
participle	m	ὀμῶν			ὀμούμενος		ὀμοσθησόμενος
	f	ὀμοῦσᾰ			ὀμουμένη		ὀμοσθησομένη
	n	ὀμοῦν			ὀμούμενον		ὀμοσθησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ὤμοσᾰ, ὠμοσᾰ́μην, ὠμόθην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὤμοσᾰ	ὤμοσᾰς	ὤμοσε(ν)	ὠμόσᾰτον	ὠμοσᾰ́την	ὠμόσᾰμεν	ὠμόσᾰτε	ὤμοσᾰν
	subjunctive	ὀμόσω	ὀμόσῃς	ὀμόσῃ	ὀμόσητον	ὀμόσητον	ὀμόσωμεν	ὀμόσητε	ὀμόσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ὀμόσαιμῐ	ὀμόσειᾰς, ὀμόσαις	ὀμόσειε(ν), ὀμόσαι	ὀμόσαιτον	ὀμοσαίτην	ὀμόσαιμεν	ὀμόσαιτε	ὀμόσειᾰν, ὀμόσαιεν
	imperative		ὄμοσον, ὄμοσσον	ὀμοσᾰ́τω	ὀμόσᾰτον	ὀμοσᾰ́των		ὀμόσᾰτε	ὀμοσᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ὠμοσᾰ́μην	ὠμόσω	ὠμόσᾰτο	ὠμόσᾰσθον	ὠμοσᾰ́σθην	ὠμοσᾰ́μεθᾰ	ὠμόσᾰσθε	ὠμόσᾰντο
	subjunctive	ὀμόσωμαι	ὀμόσῃ	ὀμόσηται	ὀμόσησθον	ὀμόσησθον	ὀμοσώμεθᾰ	ὀμόσησθε	ὀμόσωνται
	optative	ὀμοσαίμην	ὀμόσαιο	ὀμόσαιτο	ὀμόσαισθον	ὀμοσαίσθην	ὀμοσαίμεθᾰ	ὀμόσαισθε	ὀμόσαιντο
	imperative		ὄμοσαι	ὀμοσᾰ́σθω	ὀμόσᾰσθον	ὀμοσᾰ́σθων		ὀμόσᾰσθε	ὀμοσᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	ὠμόθην	ὠμόθης	ὠμόθη	ὠμόθητον	ὠμοθήτην	ὠμόθημεν	ὠμόθητε	ὠμόθησᾰν
	subjunctive	ὀμοθῶ	ὀμοθῇς	ὀμοθῇ	ὀμοθῆτον	ὀμοθῆτον	ὀμοθῶμεν	ὀμοθῆτε	ὀμοθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ὀμοθείην	ὀμοθείης	ὀμοθείη	ὀμοθεῖτον, ὀμοθείητον	ὀμοθείτην, ὀμοθειήτην	ὀμοθεῖμεν, ὀμοθείημεν	ὀμοθεῖτε, ὀμοθείητε	ὀμοθεῖεν, ὀμοθείησᾰν
	imperative		ὀμόθητῐ	ὀμοθήτω	ὀμόθητον	ὀμοθήτων		ὀμόθητε	ὀμοθέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ὀμόσαι			ὀμόσᾰσθαι		ὀμοθῆναι
participle	m	ὀμόσᾱς			ὀμοσᾰ́μενος		ὀμοθείς
	f	ὀμόσᾱσᾰ			ὀμοσᾰμένη		ὀμοθεῖσᾰ
	n	ὀμόσᾰν			ὀμοσᾰ́μενον		ὀμοθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ὠμόσθην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
passive	indicative	ὠμόσθην	ὠμόσθης	ὠμόσθη	ὠμόσθητον	ὠμοσθήτην	ὠμόσθημεν	ὠμόσθητε	ὠμόσθησᾰν
	subjunctive	ὀμοσθῶ	ὀμοσθῇς	ὀμοσθῇ	ὀμοσθῆτον	ὀμοσθῆτον	ὀμοσθῶμεν	ὀμοσθῆτε	ὀμοσθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ὀμοσθείην	ὀμοσθείης	ὀμοσθείη	ὀμοσθεῖτον, ὀμοσθείητον	ὀμοσθείτην, ὀμοσθειήτην	ὀμοσθεῖμεν, ὀμοσθείημεν	ὀμοσθεῖτε, ὀμοσθείητε	ὀμοσθεῖεν, ὀμοσθείησᾰν
	imperative		ὀμόσθητῐ	ὀμοσθήτω	ὀμόσθητον	ὀμοσθήτων		ὀμόσθητε	ὀμοσθέντων
							passive
infinitive							ὀμοσθῆναι
participle	m						ὀμοσθείς
	f						ὀμοσθεῖσᾰ
	n						ὀμοσθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Perfect: ὀμώμοκᾰ

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὀμώμοκᾰ	ὀμώμοκᾰς	ὀμώμοκε(ν)	ὀμωμόκᾰτον	ὀμωμόκᾰτον	ὀμωμόκᾰμεν	ὀμωμόκᾰτε	ὀμωμόκᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ὀμωμόκω	ὀμωμόκῃς	ὀμωμόκῃ	ὀμωμόκητον	ὀμωμόκητον	ὀμωμόκωμεν	ὀμωμόκητε	ὀμωμόκωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ὀμωμόκοιμῐ, ὀμωμοκοίην	ὀμωμόκοις, ὀμωμοκοίης	ὀμωμόκοι, ὀμωμοκοίη	ὀμωμόκοιτον	ὀμωμοκοίτην	ὀμωμόκοιμεν	ὀμωμόκοιτε	ὀμωμόκοιεν
	imperative		ὀμώμοκε	ὀμωμοκέτω	ὀμωμόκετον	ὀμωμοκέτων		ὀμωμόκετε	ὀμωμοκόντων
		active
infinitive		ὀμωμοκέναι
participle	m	ὀμωμοκώς
	f	ὀμωμοκυῖᾰ
	n	ὀμωμοκός
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

• ἐνώμοτος (enṓmotos)
• συνόμνῡμι (sunómnūmi)

References

• “ὄμνυμι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ὄμνυμι”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ὄμνυμι”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ὄμνυμι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ὄμνυμι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ὄμνυμι”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN