σβέννυμι
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- σβεννύω (sbennúō)
- κατα-σβῶσαι (kata-sbôsai)
Etymology
[edit]Usually derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)gʷes- (“extinguish, quell”).[1] Cognates in this case include Sanskrit जासयति (jāsayati, “to exhaust”),[1] Lithuanian gesti (“to extinguish, to go out”), Irish bás (“death”) and Old Church Slavonic оугасити (ugasiti, “to extinguish”).[1]
However, Beekes argues that judging by the Hittite 𒆠𒅖𒋫𒊑 (kištāri, “to be extinguished, perish”), as well as by the aberrant σ- in the anlaut and the uncommonness of -σβ- in Greek inherited lexicon, the PIE root should be *ges-, and stem σβέσ- should be separated.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /zbén.nyː.mi/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈzben.ny.mi/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈzβen.ny.mi/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈzven.ny.mi/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈzve.ni.mi/
Verb
[edit]σβέννῡμῐ • (sbénnūmi)
- (transitive) to quench, extinguish, put out
- (passive voice, intransitive) to be quenched, to go out
- to dry up
- Palatine Anthology 9.128
- to be quelled, lulled
- Palatine Anthology 7.221
Inflection
[edit] Present: σβέννῡμῐ, σβέννῠμαι
Present: σβεννύω, σβεννύομαι
Imperfect: ἐσβέννῡν, ἐσβεννῠ́μην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐσβέννῡν | ἐσβέννῡς | ἐσβέννῡ | ἐσβέννῠτον | ἐσβεννῠ́την | ἐσβέννῠμεν | ἐσβέννῠτε | ἐσβέννῠσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐσβεννῠ́μην | ἐσβέννῠσο | ἐσβέννῠτο | ἐσβέννῠσθον | ἐσβεννῠ́σθην | ἐσβεννῠ́μεθᾰ | ἐσβέννῠσθε | ἐσβέννῠντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Imperfect: ἐσβέννυον, ἐσβεννυόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐσβέννυον | ἐσβέννυες | ἐσβέννυε(ν) | ἐσβεννύετον | ἐσβεννυέτην | ἐσβεννύομεν | ἐσβεννύετε | ἐσβέννυον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐσβεννυόμην | ἐσβεννύου | ἐσβεννύετο | ἐσβεννύεσθον | ἐσβεννυέσθην | ἐσβεννυόμεθᾰ | ἐσβεννύεσθε | ἐσβεννύοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Future: σβέσω
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | σβέσω | σβέσεις | σβέσει | σβέσετον | σβέσετον | σβέσομεν | σβέσετε | σβέσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | σβέσοιμῐ | σβέσοις | σβέσοι | σβέσοιτον | σβεσοίτην | σβέσοιμεν | σβέσοιτε | σβέσοιεν | |||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | σβέσειν | ||||||||||||
participle | m | σβέσων | |||||||||||
f | σβέσουσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | σβέσον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Future: σβήσομαι, σβεσθήσομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle | indicative | σβήσομαι | σβήσῃ, σβήσει |
σβήσεται | σβήσεσθον | σβήσεσθον | σβησόμεθᾰ | σβήσεσθε | σβήσονται | ||||
optative | σβησοίμην | σβήσοιο | σβήσοιτο | σβήσοισθον | σβησοίσθην | σβησοίμεθᾰ | σβήσοισθε | σβήσοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | σβεσθήσομαι | σβεσθήσῃ | σβεσθήσεται | σβεσθήσεσθον | σβεσθήσεσθον | σβεσθησόμεθᾰ | σβεσθήσεσθε | σβεσθήσονται | ||||
optative | σβεσθησοίμην | σβεσθήσοιο | σβεσθήσοιτο | σβεσθήσοισθον | σβεσθησοίσθην | σβεσθησοίμεθᾰ | σβεσθήσοισθε | σβεσθήσοιντο | |||||
middle | passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | σβήσεσθαι | σβεσθήσεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | σβησόμενος | σβεσθησόμενος | ||||||||||
f | σβησομένη | σβεσθησομένη | |||||||||||
n | σβησόμενον | σβεσθησόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | σβέσσω | σβέσσεις | σβέσσει | σβέσσετον | σβέσσετον | σβέσσομεν | σβέσσετε | σβέσσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | σβέσσοιμῐ | σβέσσοισ(θᾰ) | σβέσσοι | σβέσσοιτον | σβεσσοίτην | σβέσσοιμεν | σβέσσοιτε | σβέσσοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | σβέσσομαι | σβέσσεαι | σβέσσεται | σβέσσεσθον | σβέσσεσθον | σβεσσόμε(σ)θᾰ | σβέσσεσθε | σβέσσονται | ||||
optative | σβεσσοίμην | σβέσσοιο | σβέσσοιτο | σβέσσοισθον | σβεσσοίσθην | σβεσσοίμε(σ)θᾰ | σβέσσοισθε | σβεσσοίᾰτο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | σβέσσειν/σβεσσέμεν(αι)/σβέσσμεν(αι) | σβέσσεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | σβέσσων | σβεσσόμενος | ||||||||||
f | σβέσσουσᾰ | σβεσσομένη | |||||||||||
n | σβέσσον | σβεσσόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Aorist: ἔσβην (intransitive)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
passive | indicative | ἔσβην | ἔσβης | ἔσβη | ἔσβητον | ἐσβήτην | ἔσβημεν | ἔσβητε | ἔσβησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | σβῶ | σβῇς | σβῇ | σβῆτον | σβῆτον | σβῶμεν | σβῆτε | σβῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | σβείην | σβείης | σβείη | σβεῖτον, σβείητον |
σβείτην, σβειήτην |
σβεῖμεν, σβείημεν |
σβεῖτε, σβείητε |
σβεῖεν, σβείησᾰν | |||||
imperative | σβῆθῐ | σβήτω | σβῆτον | σβήτων | σβῆτε | σβέντων | |||||||
passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | σβῆναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | σβείς | |||||||||||
f | σβεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | σβέν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Pluperfect: ἐσβήκειν (intransitive)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐσβήκειν, ἐσβήκη |
ἐσβήκεις, ἐσβήκης |
ἐσβήκει(ν) | ἐσβήκετον | ἐσβηκέτην | ἐσβήκεμεν | ἐσβήκετε | ἐσβήκεσᾰν | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
[edit]- ἀνᾰσβέννῡμῐ (anasbénnūmi)
- ἀποσβέννῡμῐ (aposbénnūmi)
- ἄσβεστος (ásbestos)
- ἐκσβέννῡμῐ (eksbénnūmi)
- ἐνσβέννῠμαι (ensbénnumai)
- ἐπῐσβέννῠμαι (episbénnumai)
- εὔσβεστος (eúsbestos)
- κᾰτᾰσβέννῡμῐ (katasbénnūmi)
- περισβέννῡμῐ (perisbénnūmi)
- συσβέννῡμῐ (susbénnūmi)
- κατασβέννῡμῐ (katasbénnūmi)
Related terms
[edit]- σβέσῐς (sbésis)
- σβεστήρ (sbestḗr)
- σβεστήρῐος (sbestḗrios)
- σβεστῐκός (sbestikós)
- σβεστός (sbestós)
References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “σβέννυμι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- σβέννυμι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- σβέννυμι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- G4570 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible