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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)gʷes-

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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

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    Root

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    *(s)gʷes-[1]

    1. to be extinguished

    Alternative reconstructions

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    • *(s)gʷesh₂-[2]

    Derived terms

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    • *(s)gʷés-ye-ti (ye-present)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰásyati
    • *(s)gʷés-t ~ *(s)gʷₑs-ént (athematic root aorist)[2]
      • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háǰast
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
          • Sanskrit: दसत् (dasat, to be languished, 3sg.aor.inj.) (thematicised)
      • Proto-Tocharian: *käs- (to extinguish) (see there for further descendants)
    • *(s)gʷos-éye-ti (eye-causative)[3]
    • *(s)gʷṓs-ye-ti (lengthened causative)[4][2]
    • *(s)gʷés-ti-s ~ *(s)gʷs-téys[1][3]
      • Proto-Germanic: *kwistiz (damage, destruction) (see there for further descendants)
    Unsorted formations
    • Balto-Slavic:
      • Latvian: dzist (to be extinguished)
      • Lithuanian: gesti (to be extinguished)
    • Proto-Celtic: *bāstom (death) (or from *gʷeh₂- (to go))

    References

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    1. 1.0 1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “ges-, zges-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 479-480
    2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*(s)gesh₂-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 541-542
    3. 3.0 3.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kwisti-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 320
    4. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gasìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 161:v. (b/c) ‘extinguish’