καταλύω
Appearance
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From κατα- (kata-, intensifying prefix) + λῡ́ω (lū́ō, “loosen”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ka.ta.ly̌ː.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ka.taˈly.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ka.taˈly.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ka.taˈly.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ka.taˈli.o/
Verb
[edit]κᾰτᾰλῡ́ω • (katalū́ō)
- to loosen, unbind
- to unyoke, unharness
- to take down something hung or someone hanged
- 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Aphorisms :
- τῶν ἀπαγχομένων καὶ καταλυομένων, μηδέπω δὲ τεθνηκότων ...
- tôn apankhoménōn kaì kataluoménōn, mēdépō dè tethnēkótōn ...
- about those who were hanged and taken down but have not died
- τῶν ἀπαγχομένων καὶ καταλυομένων, μηδέπω δὲ τεθνηκότων ...
- to destroy
- to abolish, do away with
- 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Against Lochites 10.2–4:
- αὐτοὶ γὰρ ἡμεῖς δίς ἤδη τὴν δημοκρατίαν ἐπείδομεν καταλυθεῖσαν καὶ δίς τῆς ἐλευθερίας ἀπεστερήθημεν
- autoì gàr hēmeîs dís ḗdē tḕn dēmokratían epeídomen katalutheîsan kaì dís tês eleutherías apesterḗthēmen
- twice we ourselves have already seen our democracy abolished and twice we have lost our freedom
- αὐτοὶ γὰρ ἡμεῖς δίς ἤδη τὴν δημοκρατίαν ἐπείδομεν καταλυθεῖσαν καὶ δίς τῆς ἐλευθερίας ἀπεστερήθημεν
- to deprive someone of their authority
- to put an end to
- to stay somewhere for one night, seek shelter
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.136):
- (Θεμιστοκλῆς) ἀναγκάζεται κατά τι ἄπορον παρὰ Ἄδμητον τὸν Μολοσσῶν βασιλέα ὄντα αὐτῷ οὐ φίλον καταλῦσαι
- (Themistoklês) anankázetai katá ti áporon parà Ádmēton tòn Molossôn basiléa ónta autôi ou phílon katalûsai
- (Themistocles) being in a difficult position had to seek shelter from Admetos, the king of Molossi, though the latter was not a friend of his
- (Θεμιστοκλῆς) ἀναγκάζεται κατά τι ἄπορον παρὰ Ἄδμητον τὸν Μολοσσῶν βασιλέα ὄντα αὐτῷ οὐ φίλον καταλῦσαι
Inflection
[edit] Present: κᾰτᾰλῡ́ω, κᾰτᾰλῡ́ομαι
Imperfect: κᾰτέλῡον, κᾰτελῡόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | κᾰτέλῡον | κᾰτέλῡες | κᾰτέλῡε(ν) | κᾰτελῡ́ετον | κᾰτελῡέτην | κᾰτελῡ́ομεν | κᾰτελῡ́ετε | κᾰτέλῡον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | κᾰτελῡόμην | κᾰτελῡ́ου | κᾰτελῡ́ετο | κᾰτελῡ́εσθον | κᾰτελῡέσθην | κᾰτελῡόμεθᾰ | κᾰτελῡ́εσθε | κᾰτελῡ́οντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
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Perfect: κᾰτᾰλέλῠκᾰ, κᾰτᾰλέλῠμαι
Pluperfect: κᾰτελελῠ́κειν, κᾰτελελῠ́μην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | κᾰτελελῠ́κειν, κᾰτελελῠ́κη |
κᾰτελελῠ́κεις, κᾰτελελῠ́κης |
κᾰτελελῠ́κει(ν) | κᾰτελελῠ́κετον | κᾰτελελῠκέτην | κᾰτελελῠ́κεμεν | κᾰτελελῠ́κετε | κᾰτελελῠ́κεσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | κᾰτελελῠ́μην | κᾰτελέλῠσο | κᾰτελέλῠτο | κᾰτελέλῠσθον | κᾰτελελῠ́σθην | κᾰτελελῠ́μεθᾰ | κᾰτελέλῠσθε | κᾰτελέλῠντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
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Future perfect: κᾰτᾰλελῡ́σομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | κᾰτᾰλελῡ́σομαι | κᾰτᾰλελῡ́σῃ, κᾰτᾰλελῡ́σει |
κᾰτᾰλελῡ́σεται | κᾰτᾰλελῡ́σεσθον | κᾰτᾰλελῡ́σεσθον | κᾰτᾰλελῡσόμεθᾰ | κᾰτᾰλελῡ́σεσθε | κᾰτᾰλελῡ́σονται | ||||
optative | κᾰτᾰλελῡσοίμην | κᾰτᾰλελῡ́σοιο | κᾰτᾰλελῡ́σοιτο | κᾰτᾰλελῡ́σοισθον | κᾰτᾰλελῡσοίσθην | κᾰτᾰλελῡσοίμεθᾰ | κᾰτᾰλελῡ́σοισθε | κᾰτᾰλελῡ́σοιντο | |||||
middle/passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | κᾰτᾰλελῡ́σεσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | κᾰτᾰλελῡσόμενος | |||||||||||
f | κᾰτᾰλελῡσομένη | ||||||||||||
n | κᾰτᾰλελῡσόμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
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Derived terms
[edit]- κατάλυμα (katáluma)
- καταλύσιμος (katalúsimos)
- κατάλυσις (katálusis)
- καταλυτέος (katalutéos)
- καταλυτήρ (katalutḗr)
- καταλυτήριον (katalutḗrion)
- καταλυτής (katalutḗs)
- καταλύτης (katalútēs)
- καταλυτικός (katalutikós)
Further reading
[edit]- “καταλύω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “καταλύω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “καταλύω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- καταλύω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- καταλύω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- G2647 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- καταλύω in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek καταλύω (katalúō). Morphologically, from κατα- (“fully”) + λύω (“unbind, loosen”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]καταλύω • (katalýo) (past κατέλυσα, passive καταλύομαι)
- to abolish, break down
- to stay (usually for one night)
- (chemistry) to catalyze
- (religion) to break one's fast (resume normal diet after fasting)
Conjugation
[edit]καταλύω καταλύομαι
Active voice ➤ | Passive voice ➤ | |||
Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | Present | Dependent |
1 sg | καταλύω | καταλύσω | καταλύομαι | καταλυθώ |
2 sg | καταλύεις | καταλύσεις | καταλύεσαι | καταλυθείς |
3 sg | καταλύει | καταλύσει | καταλύεται | καταλυθεί |
1 pl | καταλύουμε, [‑ομε] | καταλύσουμε, [‑ομε] | καταλυόμαστε | καταλυθούμε |
2 pl | καταλύετε | καταλύσετε | καταλύεστε, καταλυόσαστε | καταλυθείτε |
3 pl | καταλύουν(ε) | καταλύσουν(ε) | καταλύονται | καταλυθούν(ε) |
Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | Imperfect | Simple past |
1 sg | κατέλυα | κατέλυσα | καταλυόμουν(α) | καταλύθηκα, [{κατελύθην}]1 |
2 sg | κατέλυες | κατέλυσες | καταλυόσουν(α) | καταλύθηκες, [{κατελύθης}] |
3 sg | κατέλυε | κατέλυσε | καταλυόταν(ε) | καταλύθηκε, {κατελύθη} |
1 pl | καταλύαμε | καταλύσαμε | καταλυόμασταν, (‑όμαστε) | καταλυθήκαμε, [{κατελύθημεν}] |
2 pl | καταλύατε | καταλύσατε | καταλυόσασταν, (‑όσαστε) | καταλυθήκατε, [{κατελύθητε}] |
3 pl | κατέλυαν, καταλύαν(ε) | κατέλυσαν, καταλύσαν(ε) | καταλύονταν, (καταλυόντουσαν) | καταλύθηκαν, καταλυθήκαν(ε), {κατελύθησαν} |
Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | Continuous | Simple |
1 sg | θα καταλύω ➤ | θα καταλύσω ➤ | θα καταλύομαι ➤ | θα καταλυθώ ➤ |
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα καταλύεις, … | θα καταλύσεις, … | θα καταλύεσαι, … | θα καταλυθείς, … |
Perfect aspect ➤ | Perfect aspect | |||
Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … καταλύσει | έχω, έχεις, … καταλυθεί είμαι, είσαι, … καταλυμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … καταλύσει | είχα, είχες, … καταλυθεί ήμουν, ήσουν, … καταλυμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … καταλύσει | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … καταλυθεί θα είμαι, θα είσαι, … καταλυμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
2 sg | κατάλυε | κατάλυσε | — | καταλύσου |
2 pl | καταλύετε | καταλύστε | καταλύεστε | καταλυθείτε |
Other forms | Active voice | Passive voice | ||
Present participle➤ | καταλύοντας ➤ | — | ||
Perfect participle➤ | έχοντας καταλύσει ➤ | [καταλυμένος, ‑η, ‑ο] ➤ | ||
Nonfinite form➤ | καταλύσει | καταλυθεί | ||
Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
1. Formal passsive forms, as in the ancient aorist κατελύθην from the conjugation of καταλύω. In Modern Greek, used in the 3rd persons (all persons included here, for reference). • (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Derived terms
[edit]- κατάλυμα n (katályma, “shelter”)
- κατάλυση f (katálysi, “catalysis; destruction; seek shelter”)
- καταλύτης m (katalýtis, “catalyst”)
- καταλυτής m (katalytís, “destroyer”)
- καταλυτικός (katalytikós, “catalytic, catalyze”)
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms prefixed with κατα-
- Ancient Greek 4-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek terms with quotations
- Ancient Greek terms with usage examples
- Greek terms borrowed from Ancient Greek
- Greek learned borrowings from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms prefixed with κατα-
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek lemmas
- Greek verbs
- el:Chemistry
- el:Religion
- Greek verbs conjugating like 'διαλύω'