δύω

Ancient Greek

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /dý.ɔː/ → /ˈðy.o/ → /ˈði.o/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /dý.ɔː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈdy.o/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈðy.o/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈðy.o/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈði.o/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *dew- (“to go in, enter”). Cognates include rare Vedic Sanskrit उपादुत्य (upādútya, “put on”). See also δείελος (deíelos, “of the afternoon or evening”).

Verb

δύω • (dúō)

1. to cause to sink, to plunge
2. to get into, to enter

Inflection

   Present: δῡ́ω, δῡ́ομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	δῡ́ω	δῡ́εις	δῡ́ει	δῡ́ετον	δῡ́ετον	δῡ́ομεν	δῡ́ετε	δῡ́ουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	δῡ́ω	δῡ́ῃς	δῡ́ῃ	δῡ́ητον	δῡ́ητον	δῡ́ωμεν	δῡ́ητε	δῡ́ωσῐ(ν)
	optative	δῡ́οιμῐ	δῡ́οις	δῡ́οι	δῡ́οιτον	δῡοίτην	δῡ́οιμεν	δῡ́οιτε	δῡ́οιεν
	imperative		δῦε	δῡέτω	δῡ́ετον	δῡέτων		δῡ́ετε	δῡόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	δῡ́ομαι	δῡ́ῃ, δῡ́ει	δῡ́εται	δῡ́εσθον	δῡ́εσθον	δῡόμεθᾰ	δῡ́εσθε	δῡ́ονται
	subjunctive	δῡ́ωμαι	δῡ́ῃ	δῡ́ηται	δῡ́ησθον	δῡ́ησθον	δῡώμεθᾰ	δῡ́ησθε	δῡ́ωνται
	optative	δῡοίμην	δῡ́οιο	δῡ́οιτο	δῡ́οισθον	δῡοίσθην	δῡοίμεθᾰ	δῡ́οισθε	δῡ́οιντο
	imperative		δῡ́ου	δῡέσθω	δῡ́εσθον	δῡέσθων		δῡ́εσθε	δῡέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		δῡ́ειν				δῡ́εσθαι
participle	m	δῡ́ων				δῡόμενος
	f	δῡ́ουσᾰ				δῡομένη
	n	δῦον				δῡόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἐδῠόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐδῠόμην	ἐδῠ́ου	ἐδῠ́ετο	ἐδῠ́εσθον	ἐδῠέσθην	ἐδῠόμεθᾰ	ἐδῠ́εσθε	ἐδῠ́οντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: δῠ́σκον, δῠσκόμην (iterative, Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	δῠ́σκον	δῠ́σκες	δῠ́σκε(ν)	δῠ́σκετον	δῠσκέτην	δῠ́σκομεν	δῠ́σκετε	δῠ́σκον
middle/ passive	indicative	δῠσκόμην	δῠ́σκου	δῠ́σκετο	δῠ́σκεσθον	δῠσκέσθην	δῠσκόμε(σ)θᾰ	δῠ́σκεσθε	δῠ́σκοντο
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: δῡ́σομαι, δῠθήσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	δῡ́σομαι	δῡ́σῃ, δῡ́σει	δῡ́σεται	δῡ́σεσθον	δῡ́σεσθον	δῡσόμεθᾰ	δῡ́σεσθε	δῡ́σονται
	optative	δῡσοίμην	δῡ́σοιο	δῡ́σοιτο	δῡ́σοισθον	δῡσοίσθην	δῡσοίμεθᾰ	δῡ́σοισθε	δῡ́σοιντο
passive	indicative	δῠθήσομαι	δῠθήσῃ	δῠθήσεται	δῠθήσεσθον	δῠθήσεσθον	δῠθησόμεθᾰ	δῠθήσεσθε	δῠθήσονται
	optative	δῠθησοίμην	δῠθήσοιο	δῠθήσοιτο	δῠθήσοισθον	δῠθησοίσθην	δῠθησοίμεθᾰ	δῠθήσοισθε	δῠθήσοιντο
					middle		passive
infinitive					δῡ́σεσθαι		δῠθήσεσθαι
participle	m				δῡσόμενος		δῠθησόμενος
	f				δῡσομένη		δῠθησομένη
	n				δῡσόμενον		δῠθησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἐδῡσᾰ́μην, ἐδῠ́θην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ἐδῡσᾰ́μην	ἐδῡ́σω	ἐδῡ́σᾰτο	ἐδῡ́σᾰσθον	ἐδῡσᾰ́σθην	ἐδῡσᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἐδῡ́σᾰσθε	ἐδῡ́σᾰντο
	subjunctive	δῡ́σωμαι	δῡ́σῃ	δῡ́σηται	δῡ́σησθον	δῡ́σησθον	δῡσώμεθᾰ	δῡ́σησθε	δῡ́σωνται
	optative	δῡσαίμην	δῡ́σαιο	δῡ́σαιτο	δῡ́σαισθον	δῡσαίσθην	δῡσαίμεθᾰ	δῡ́σαισθε	δῡ́σαιντο
	imperative		δῦσαι	δῡσᾰ́σθω	δῡ́σᾰσθον	δῡσᾰ́σθων		δῡ́σᾰσθε	δῡσᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	ἐδῠ́θην	ἐδῠ́θης	ἐδῠ́θη	ἐδῠ́θητον	ἐδῠθήτην	ἐδῠ́θημεν	ἐδῠ́θητε	ἐδῠ́θησᾰν
	subjunctive	δῠθῶ	δῠθῇς	δῠθῇ	δῠθῆτον	δῠθῆτον	δῠθῶμεν	δῠθῆτε	δῠθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	δῠθείην	δῠθείης	δῠθείη	δῠθεῖτον, δῠθείητον	δῠθείτην, δῠθειήτην	δῠθεῖμεν, δῠθείημεν	δῠθεῖτε, δῠθείητε	δῠθεῖεν, δῠθείησᾰν
	imperative		δῠ́θητῐ	δῠθήτω	δῠ́θητον	δῠθήτων		δῠ́θητε	δῠθέντων
					middle		passive
infinitive					δῡ́σᾰσθαι		δῠθῆναι
participle	m				δῡσᾰ́μενος		δῠθείς
	f				δῡσᾰμένη		δῠθεῖσᾰ
	n				δῡσᾰ́μενον		δῠθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἐδῡσόμην (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ἐδῡσόμην	ἐδῡ́σεο	ἐδῡ́σετο	ἐδῡ́σεσθον	ἐδῡσέσθην	ἐδῡσόμε(σ)θᾰ	ἐδῡ́σεσθε	ἐδῡ́σοντο
	subjunctive	δῡ́σωμαι	δῡ́σηαι	δῡ́σηται	δῡ́σησθον	δῡ́σησθον	δῡσώμε(σ)θᾰ	δῡ́σησθε	δῡ́σωνται
	optative	δῡσοίμην	δῡ́σοιο	δῡ́σοιτο	δῡ́σοισθον	δῡσοίσθην	δῡσοίμε(σ)θᾰ	δῡ́σοισθε	δῡσοίᾰτο
	imperative		δῡ́σεο	δῡσέσθω	δῡ́σεσθον	δῡσέσθων		δῡ́σεσθε	δῡσέσθων
					middle
infinitive					δῡσέσθαι
participle	m				δῡσόμενος
	f				δῡσομένη
	n				δῡσόμενον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: δῡσόμην (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	δῡσόμην	δῡ́σεο	δῡ́σετο	δῡ́σεσθον	δῡσέσθην	δῡσόμε(σ)θᾰ	δῡ́σεσθε	δῡ́σοντο
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἔδῡν (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔδῡν	ἔδῡς	ἔδῡ	ἔδῡτον	ἐδῡ́την	ἔδῡμεν	ἔδῡτε	ἔδῡσᾰν
	subjunctive	δῠ́ω, δῠ́ωμῐ	δῠ́ῃς, δῠ́ῃσθᾰ	δῠ́ῃ, δῠ́ῃσῐ	δῠ́ητον	δῠ́ητον	δῠ́ωμεν	δῠ́ωτε	δῠ́ωσῐ(ν)
	optative
	imperative		δῦθῐ	δῡ́τω	δῦτον	δῡ́των		δῦτε	δῡ́ντων
		active
infinitive		δῦναι, δῡ́μεναι
participle	m	δῡ́ς
	f	δῦσᾰ
	n	δῠ́ν
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: δῦν (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	δῦν	δῦς	δῦ	δῦτον	δῡ́την	δῦμεν	δῦτε	δῦσᾰν
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Perfect: δέδῡκᾰ, δέδῠμαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	δέδῡκᾰ	δέδῡκᾰς	δέδῡκε(ν)	δεδῡ́κᾰτον	δεδῡ́κᾰτον	δεδῡ́κᾰμεν	δεδῡ́κᾰτε	δεδῡ́κᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	δεδῡ́κω	δεδῡ́κῃς	δεδῡ́κῃ	δεδῡ́κητον	δεδῡ́κητον	δεδῡ́κωμεν	δεδῡ́κητε	δεδῡ́κωσῐ(ν)
	optative	δεδῡ́κοιμῐ, δεδῡκοίην	δεδῡ́κοις, δεδῡκοίης	δεδῡ́κοι, δεδῡκοίη	δεδῡ́κοιτον	δεδῡκοίτην	δεδῡ́κοιμεν	δεδῡ́κοιτε	δεδῡ́κοιεν
	imperative		δέδῡκε	δεδῡκέτω	δεδῡ́κετον	δεδῡκέτων		δεδῡ́κετε	δεδῡκόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	δέδῠμαι	δέδῠσαι	δέδῠται	δέδῠσθον	δέδῠσθον	δεδῠ́μεθᾰ	δέδῠσθε	δέδῠνται
	subjunctive	δεδῠμένος ὦ	δεδῠμένος ᾖς	δεδῠμένος ᾖ	δεδῠμένω ἦτον	δεδῠμένω ἦτον	δεδῠμένοι ὦμεν	δεδῠμένοι ἦτε	δεδῠμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	δεδῠμένος εἴην	δεδῠμένος εἴης	δεδῠμένος εἴη	δεδῠμένω εἴητον/εἶτον	δεδῠμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην	δεδῠμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν	δεδῠμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε	δεδῠμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
	imperative		δέδῠσο	δεδῠ́σθω	δέδῠσθον	δεδῠ́σθων		δέδῠσθε	δεδῠ́σθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		δεδῡκέναι				δεδῠ́σθαι
participle	m	δεδῡκώς				δεδῠμένος
	f	δεδῡκυῖᾰ				δεδῠμένη
	n	δεδῡκός				δεδῠμένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Alternative forms

• δύνω (dúnō)

Derived terms

• ἄδυτος (ádutos)
• ἀναδύομαι (anadúomai)
• ἀποδύω (apodúō)
• δύσις (dúsis)
• ἐκδύω (ekdúō)
• ἐνδύω (endúō)
• καταδύω (katadúō)
• τρωγλοδύτης (trōglodútēs)
• ψαμμοδύτης (psammodútēs)

 

Etymology 2

From Proto-Hellenic *dúwō (“two”); see the main entry.

Numeral

δύω • (dúō)

1. (chiefly Epic) Alternative form of δύο (dúo, “two”)

Further reading

• “δύω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “δύω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “δύω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• δύω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• δύω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• δύω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek δύω.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈði.o]

Audio:

(file)

• Hyphenation: δύ‧ω
• Homophone: δύο (dýo)

Verb

δύω • (dýo) (past έδυσα, passive —)

1. to set, go down (sun, stars, etc)

   Synonym: βασιλεύω (vasilévo)

   Antonym: ανατέλλω (anatéllo)

2. (figuratively) to decline

   Synonyms: φθίνω (fthíno), παρακμάζω (parakmázo)

Conjugation

δύω   (active forms only)

	Active voice ➤
Indicative mood ➤	Imperfective aspect ➤	Perfective aspect ➤
Non-past tenses ➤	Present ➤	Dependent ➤
1 sg	δύω	δύσω
2 sg	δύεις	δύσεις
3 sg	δύει	δύσει
1 pl	δύουμε, [‑ομε]	δύσουμε, [‑ομε]
2 pl	δύετε	δύσετε
3 pl	δύουν(ε)	δύσουν(ε)
Past tenses ➤	Imperfect ➤	Simple past ➤
1 sg	έδυα	έδυσα
2 sg	έδυες	έδυσες
3 sg	έδυε	έδυσε
1 pl	δύαμε	δύσαμε
2 pl	δύατε	δύσατε
3 pl	έδυαν, δύαν(ε)	έδυσαν, δύσαν(ε)
Future tenses ➤	Continuous ➤	Simple ➤
1 sg	θα δύω ➤	θα δύσω ➤
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl	θα δύεις, …	θα δύσεις, …
	Perfect aspect ➤
Present perfect ➤	έχω, έχεις, … δύσει
Past perfect ➤	είχα, είχες, … δύσει
Future perfect ➤	θα έχω, θα έχεις, … δύσει
Subjunctive mood ➤	Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας).
Imperative mood ➤	Imperfective aspect	Perfective aspect
2 sg	δύε	δύσε
2 pl	δύετε	δύστε
Other forms
Active present participle ➤	δύοντας ➤
Active perfect participle ➤	έχοντας δύσει ➤
Passive perfect participle ➤	—
Nonfinite form ➤	δύσει
Notes     Appendix:Greek verbs	• (…) optional or informal.   […] rare.   {…} learned, archaic.  • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency.  • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive.

Related terms

And see their derivatives

Related words

• αναδύομαι (anadýomai, “surface, emerge”)
• ανάδυση f (anádysi, “surfacing”)
• ανεπένδυτος (anepéndytos, “uninvested”)
• αντιδυτικός (antidytikós, “antioccidental”)
• απεκδύομαι (apekdýomai, “divest, renounce”)
• αποδυτήριο n (apodytírio, “locker room, dressing room”) (sports)
• αυτοδύτης m (aftodýtis)
• διείσδυση f (dieísdysi, “penetrate”)
• διεισδύω (dieisdýo, “penetration”)
• δύση f (dýsi, “west; sunset”)
• δύτης m (dýtis, “diver”)
• δυτικός (dytikós, “western, occidental”)
• εισδύω (eisdýo, “penetrate”)
• εκδύω (ekdýo, “undress”) (formal)
• ενδύω (endýo, “dress”) (formal)
• ένδυση f (éndysi, “clothing”)
• επενδύω (ependýo, “invest; coat”)
• επένδυση f (epéndysi, “investment; coating”)
• καταδύομαι (katadýomai, “dive”)
• κατάδυση f (katádysi, “diving”)
• λωποδύτης m (lopodýtis, “thief, crook”)
• λωποδυσία f (lopodysía, “robbery, thievery”)
• παρενδυσία f (parendysía, “transvestism”)
• προς δυσμάς (pros dysmás, “westbound”)
• ρακένδυτος (rakéndytos, “shabbily-clothed”)
• τρωγλοδύτης m (troglodýtis, “dwelling in a cave”)
• υποδύομαι (ypodýomai, “impersonate; play a role -of actors-”)

Also see → γδύνω (gdýno)