ῥώννυμι

Ancient Greek

FWOTD – 11 December 2023

Alternative forms

ῥωννύω (rhōnnúō)

Etymology

Of uncertain origin. Could be related to ῥώομαι (rhṓomai, “I dart”), as well as Sanskrit सार (sāra, “strength, power, energy”), which would hypothetically trace back to a Proto-Indo-European *serh₃- (“power; to move violently”).^[1] See also English raw, Swedish rå (“raw”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /r̥ɔ̌ːn.nyː.mi/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈron.ny.mi/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈron.ny.mi/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈron.ny.mi/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈro.ni.mi/

Verb

ῥώννῡμῐ • (rhṓnnūmi)

to strengthen
- 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Nutriments 2:
  αὔξει δὲ καὶ ῥώννυσι καὶ σαρκοῖ καὶ ὁμοιοῖ καὶ ἀνομοιοῖ
  aúxei dè kaì rhṓnnusi kaì sarkoî kaì homoioî kaì anomoioî
  It increases, strengthens, clothes with flesh, makes like, makes unlike
- 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Pericles 19:
  οὐ γὰρ μόνον ἐποίκους Ἀθηναίων χιλίους κομίσας ἔρρωσεν εὐανδρίᾳ τὰς πόλεις
  ou gàr mónon epoíkous Athēnaíōn khilíous komísas érrhōsen euandríāi tàs póleis
  Not only did he bring thither a thousand Athenian colonists and stock the cities anew with vigorous manhood
(perfect in present sense) to have strength
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 3.4.29:
  φιλότιμον μὲν καὶ ἐρρωμένον τὴν ψυχήν
  philótimon mèn kaì errhōménon tḕn psukhḗn
  ambitious and with a stout spirit
1. to be eager, enthusiastic
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.8:
    ὀλίγον τε ἐπενόουν οὐδὲν ἀμφότεροι, ἀλλ’ ἔρρωντο ἐς τὸν πόλεμον οὐκ ἀπεικότως:
    olígon te epenóoun oudèn amphóteroi, all’ érrhōnto es tòn pólemon ouk apeikótōs:
    On neither side were there any mean thoughts; they both were full of enthusiasm:
  - 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Against Agoratus 31:
    οὕτω ἔρρωτο ἡ βουλὴ κακόν τι ἐργάζεσθαι αὐτὸν
    hoútō érrhōto hē boulḕ kakón ti ergázesthai autòn
    so firmly determined were the Council to work some mischief
2. to be in good health
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.15:
    καὶ γὰρ ὅτ’ ἐρρώμην πολλὰ ἐν ἡγεμονίαις ὑμᾶς εὖ ἐποίησα.
    kaì gàr hót’ errhṓmēn pollà en hēgemoníais humâs eû epoíēsa.
    as while I was in my prime I did you much good service in my commands.
  1. (imperative) be in good health, farewell, goodbye

Inflection

Present: ῥώννῡμῐ, ῥώννῠμαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ῥώννῡμῐ	ῥώννῡς	ῥώννῡσῐ(ν)	ῥώννῠτον	ῥώννῠτον	ῥώννῠμεν	ῥώννῠτε	ῥωννῠ́ᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ῥωννῠ́ω	ῥωννῠ́ῃς	ῥωννῠ́ῃ	ῥωννῠ́ητον	ῥωννῠ́ητον	ῥωννῠ́ωμεν	ῥωννῠ́ητε	ῥωννῠ́ωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ῥωννῠ́οιμῐ	ῥωννῠ́οις	ῥωννῠ́οι	ῥωννῠ́οιτον	ῥωννῠοίτην	ῥωννῠ́οιμεν	ῥωννῠ́οιτε	ῥωννῠ́οιεν
	imperative		ῥώννῡ	ῥωννῠ́τω	ῥώννῠτον	ῥωννῠ́των		ῥώννῠτε	ῥωννῠ́ντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ῥώννῠμαι	ῥώννῠσαι	ῥώννῠται	ῥώννῠσθον	ῥώννῠσθον	ῥωννῠ́μεθα	ῥώννῠσθε	ῥώννῠνται
	subjunctive	ῥωννῠ́ωμαι	ῥωννῠ́ῃ	ῥωννῠ́ηται	ῥωννῠ́ησθον	ῥωννῠ́ησθον	ῥωννῠώμεθᾰ	ῥωννῠ́ησθε	ῥωννῠ́ωνται
	optative	ῥωννῠοίμην	ῥωννῠ́οιο	ῥωννῠ́οιτο	ῥωννῠ́οισθον	ῥωννῠοίσθην	ῥωννῠοίμεθᾰ	ῥωννῠ́οισθε	ῥωννῠ́οιντο
	imperative		ῥώννῠσο	ῥωννῠ́σθω	ῥώννῠσθον	ῥωννῠ́σθων		ῥώννῠσθε	ῥωννῠ́σθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ῥωννῠ́ναι				ῥώννῠσθαι
participle	m	ῥωννῡ́ς				ῥωννῠ́μενος
	f	ῥωννῦσᾰ				ῥωννῠμένη
	n	ῥωννῠ́ν				ῥωννῠ́μενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἐρρώννῡν, ἐρρωννῠ́μην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐρρώννῡν	ἐρρώννῡς	ἐρρώννῡ	ἐρρώννῠτον	ἐρρωννῠ́την	ἐρρώννῠμεν	ἐρρώννῠτε	ἐρρώννῠσᾰν
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐρρωννῠ́μην	ἐρρώννῠσο	ἐρρώννῠτο	ἐρρώννῠσθον	ἐρρωννῠ́σθην	ἐρρωννῠ́μεθᾰ	ἐρρώννῠσθε	ἐρρώννῠντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: ῥώσω, ῥώσομαι, ῥωσθήσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ῥώσω	ῥώσεις	ῥώσει	ῥώσετον	ῥώσετον	ῥώσομεν	ῥώσετε	ῥώσουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	ῥώσοιμῐ	ῥώσοις	ῥώσοι	ῥώσοιτον	ῥωσοίτην	ῥώσοιμεν	ῥώσοιτε	ῥώσοιεν
middle	indicative	ῥώσομαι	ῥώσῃ, ῥώσει	ῥώσεται	ῥώσεσθον	ῥώσεσθον	ῥωσόμεθᾰ	ῥώσεσθε	ῥώσονται
middle	optative	ῥωσοίμην	ῥώσοιο	ῥώσοιτο	ῥώσοισθον	ῥωσοίσθην	ῥωσοίμεθᾰ	ῥώσοισθε	ῥώσοιντο
passive	indicative	ῥωσθήσομαι	ῥωσθήσῃ	ῥωσθήσεται	ῥωσθήσεσθον	ῥωσθήσεσθον	ῥωσθησόμεθᾰ	ῥωσθήσεσθε	ῥωσθήσονται
passive	optative	ῥωσθησοίμην	ῥωσθήσοιο	ῥωσθήσοιτο	ῥωσθήσοισθον	ῥωσθησοίσθην	ῥωσθησοίμεθᾰ	ῥωσθήσοισθε	ῥωσθήσοιντο
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ῥώσειν			ῥώσεσθαι		ῥωσθήσεσθαι
participle	m	ῥώσων			ῥωσόμενος		ῥωσθησόμενος
	f	ῥώσουσᾰ			ῥωσομένη		ῥωσθησομένη
	n	ῥῶσον			ῥωσόμενον		ῥωσθησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἔρρωσᾰ, ἐρρωσᾰ́μην, ἐρρώσθην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔρρωσᾰ	ἔρρωσᾰς	ἔρρωσε(ν)	ἐρρώσᾰτον	ἐρρωσᾰ́την	ἐρρώσᾰμεν	ἐρρώσᾰτε	ἔρρωσᾰν
	subjunctive	ῥώσω	ῥώσῃς	ῥώσῃ	ῥώσητον	ῥώσητον	ῥώσωμεν	ῥώσητε	ῥώσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ῥώσαιμῐ	ῥώσειᾰς, ῥώσαις	ῥώσειε(ν), ῥώσαι	ῥώσαιτον	ῥωσαίτην	ῥώσαιμεν	ῥώσαιτε	ῥώσειᾰν, ῥώσαιεν
	imperative		ῥῶσον	ῥωσᾰ́τω	ῥώσᾰτον	ῥωσᾰ́των		ῥώσᾰτε	ῥωσᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ἐρρωσᾰ́μην	ἐρρώσω	ἐρρώσᾰτο	ἐρρώσᾰσθον	ἐρρωσᾰ́σθην	ἐρρωσᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἐρρώσᾰσθε	ἐρρώσᾰντο
	subjunctive	ῥώσωμαι	ῥώσῃ	ῥώσηται	ῥώσησθον	ῥώσησθον	ῥωσώμεθᾰ	ῥώσησθε	ῥώσωνται
	optative	ῥωσαίμην	ῥώσαιο	ῥώσαιτο	ῥώσαισθον	ῥωσαίσθην	ῥωσαίμεθᾰ	ῥώσαισθε	ῥώσαιντο
	imperative		ῥῶσαι	ῥωσᾰ́σθω	ῥώσᾰσθον	ῥωσᾰ́σθων		ῥώσᾰσθε	ῥωσᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	ἐρρώσθην	ἐρρώσθης	ἐρρώσθη	ἐρρώσθητον	ἐρρωσθήτην	ἐρρώσθημεν	ἐρρώσθητε	ἐρρώσθησᾰν
	subjunctive	ῥωσθῶ	ῥωσθῇς	ῥωσθῇ	ῥωσθῆτον	ῥωσθῆτον	ῥωσθῶμεν	ῥωσθῆτε	ῥωσθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ῥωσθείην	ῥωσθείης	ῥωσθείη	ῥωσθεῖτον, ῥωσθείητον	ῥωσθείτην, ῥωσθειήτην	ῥωσθεῖμεν, ῥωσθείημεν	ῥωσθεῖτε, ῥωσθείητε	ῥωσθεῖεν, ῥωσθείησᾰν
	imperative		ῥώσθητῐ	ῥωσθήτω	ῥώσθητον	ῥωσθήτων		ῥώσθητε	ῥωσθέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ῥῶσαι			ῥώσᾰσθαι		ῥωσθῆναι
participle	m	ῥώσᾱς			ῥωσᾰ́μενος		ῥωσθείς
	f	ῥώσᾱσᾰ			ῥωσᾰμένη		ῥωσθεῖσᾰ
	n	ῥῶσᾰν			ῥωσᾰ́μενον		ῥωσθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Perfect: ἔρρωμαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	ἔρρωμαι	ἔρρωσαι	ἔρρωται	ἔρρωσθον	ἔρρωσθον	ἐρρώμεθᾰ	ἔρρωσθε	ἔρρωνται
	subjunctive	ἐρρωμένος ὦ	ἐρρωμένος ᾖς	ἐρρωμένος ᾖ	ἐρρωμένω ἦτον	ἐρρωμένω ἦτον	ἐρρωμένοι ὦμεν	ἐρρωμένοι ἦτε	ἐρρωμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐρρωμένος εἴην	ἐρρωμένος εἴης	ἐρρωμένος εἴη	ἐρρωμένω εἴητον/εἶτον	ἐρρωμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην	ἐρρωμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν	ἐρρωμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε	ἐρρωμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
	imperative		ἔρρωσο	ἐρρώσθω	ἔρρωσθον	ἐρρώσθων		ἔρρωσθε	ἐρρώσθων
						middle/passive
infinitive						ἐρρῶσθαι
participle	m					ἐρρωμένος
	f					ἐρρωμένη
	n					ἐρρωμένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Pluperfect: ἐρρώμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐρρώμην	ἔρρωσο	ἔρρωτο	ἔρρωσθον	ἐρρώσθην	ἐρρώμεθᾰ	ἔρρωσθε	ἔρρωντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

ἀνᾰρρωννῡμῐ (anarrhōnnūmi)
ἄρρωστος (árrhōstos)
ἐπῐρρωννῡμῐ (epirrhōnnūmi)
εὔρωστος (eúrōstos)
συρρωννῠμαι (surrhōnnumai)
τᾰχύρρωστος (takhúrrhōstos)

Related terms

ῥώμη (rhṓmē)
ῥωρός (rhōrós)
ῥῶσῐς (rhôsis)
ῥῶστᾰξ (rhôstax)
ῥωστήρῐον (rhōstḗrion)
ῥωστῐκός (rhōstikós)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ῥώννυμι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1296-7