User:Ivan Štambuk/MW/1500

उत्सेक (utseka) (utseka)
m. foaming upwards, spouting out or over, showering

overflow

increase, enlargement, superabundance MBh. R. Sus3r. Megh.

haughtiness, pride MBh. R. Pan5cat. &c. see col. 2.
उत्सेकिन् (utsekin) (utsekin)
mfn. see %{an-utsekin}.
उत्स्वन (utsvana) (utsvana)
m. a loud sound BhP.
उदच् (udac) (udac)
or 2. %{u4d-aJc} (%{ud-} 2. %{aJc}) mf(%{IcI})n. turned or going upwards, upper, upwards (opposed to %{adharA7Jc}) RV. ii, 15, 6

x, 86, 22 ChUp. &c. [184,2]

turned to the north, northern (opposed to %{dakSiNa}) AV. VS. S3Br. Megh. Ragh. &c.

subsequent, posterior

(%{udIcI}) f. (scil. %{diz}) the northern quarter, the north

(2. %{u4dak}

for 1. see col. 1) ind. above

northward RV. VS. S3Br. Ka1tyS3r. Mn. &c.

subsequently
उदक (udaka) (udaka)
n. waterKa1tyS3r. S3Br. MBh. &c.

the ceremony of offering water to a dead person Gaut.

(%{udakaM} %{dA} or %{pra-dA} or 1. %{kR}, to offer water to the dead [with gen. or dat.] Ya1jn5. Mn. R. &c.

cf. %{upa-} %{spRz})

ablution (as a ceremony see %{udakA7rtha})

a particular metre RPra1t.
उदग्दश (udagdaśa) (udagdaśa)
(%{u4dag-}) mfn. having the border turned upwards or to the north S3Br. A1s3vGr2.
उदग्र (udagra) (udagra)
mfn. having the top elevated or upwards, over-topping, towering or pointing upwards, projecting

high, tall, long R. Katha1s. Ragh. &c.

increased, large, vast, fierce, intense Ragh. Vikr. S3ak. &c.

haughty Prasannar.

advanced (in age) Sus3r.

excited, enraptured R. Ragh. &c.

loud R.
उदङ्मुख (udaṅmukha) (udaṅmukha)
mf(%{I})n. turned upwards Ba1lar.

facing the north Ka1tyS3r. ChUp. Mn. Sus3r. &c.
उदधि (udadhi) (udadhi)
mfn. holding water AV. i, 3, 6 VS.

(%{is}) m. `" water-receptacle "', a cloud

river, sea

the oceanVS. TS. R. S3ak. Mn. &c. (in classical Sanskr2it only the ocean)

%{-kumAra}, %{As} m. pl. a class of deities (belonging to the Bhavana7dhi1s3as Jain.)

%{-krA} m. ( %{kram}), a navigator, mariner Vop.

%{-jala-maya} mfn. made or formed out of sea-water Ka1d.

%{-mala} m. cuttle-fish bone

%{-mekhalA} f. `" ocean-girdled "', the earth BhP.

%{-rAja} m. the ocean-king, ocean-god R.

%{-vastrA} f. `" ocean-clothed "', the earth

%{-saMbhava} n. `" ocean-born "', sea-salt

%{-sutA} f. `" daughter of the ocean "'N. of Lakshmi1

of Dva1raka1 (Kr2ishn2a's capital) W.

%{-sutA-nAyaka} m. `" husband of the ocean's daughter "'N. of Kr2ishn2a Prasannar. &c. see %{uda}.
उदन् (udan) (udan)
(for 2. see s.v.) n. Ved. (defective in the strong cases Pa1n2. 6-1, 63) a wave, waterTS. Ka1t2h.
उदय (udaya) (udaya)
&c. see p. 186, col. 1. m. going up, rising

swelling up R.

rising, rise (of the sun &c.), coming up (of a cloud) S3Br. Ka1tyS3r. Mn. S3ak. &c.

the eastern mountain (behind which the sun is supposed to rise) MBh. Hariv. Katha1s. &c.

going out R.

coming forth, becoming visible, appearance, development

production, creation RV. viii, 41, 2 R. Ragh. Ya1jn5. S3ak. Kum. &c.

conclusion, result, consequence MBh. Ragh. Mn.

that which follows

a following word, subsequent sound Pa1n2. 8-4, 67 RPra1t. APra1t. &c.

rising, reaching one's aim, elevation

success, prosperity, good fortune Katha1s. Ragh. &c.

profit, advantage, income

revenue, interest R. Ya1jn5. Mn. &c.

the first lunar mansion

the orient sine (i.e. the sine of the point of the ecliptic on the eastern horizon) Su1ryas.

N. of several men.
उदयन (udayana) (udayana)
n. rise, rising (of the sun &c.) RV. i, 48, 7 S3Br. R. &c.

way out, outlet AV. v, 30, 7

exit

outcome, result, conclusion, end TS. S3Br. Ta1n2d2yaBr.

means of redemption Car.

m. N. of several kings and authors.
उदर (udara) (udara)
n. ( %{dRR} Un2. v, 19

%{R} BRD. and T.), the belly, abdomen, stomach, bowelsS3Br. Sus3r. MBh. Katha1s. &c.

the womb MBh. VP. Car.

a cavity, hollow

the interior or inside of anything (%{udare}, inside, in the interior) Pan5cat. S3ak. Ragh. Mr2icch. &c.

enlargement of the abdomen (from dropsy or flatulence), any morbid abdominal affection (as of the liver, spleen &c.

eight kinds are enumerated) Sus3r.

the thick part of anything (e.g. of the thumb) Sus3r. Comm. on Ya1jn5.

slaughter Naish.
उदात्त (udātta) (udātta)
mfn. (for %{ud-A-datta}) lifted upraised, lofty, elevated, high R. BhP.

arisen, come forth Prab.

highly or acutely accented Pa1n2. Nir. RPra1t. APra1t. &c.

high, great, illustrious

generous, gentle, bountiful

giving, a donor Das3. Sa1h.

haughty, pompous Ra1jat.

dear, beloved

(%{-tara}, compar. more elevated, more acute)

m. the acute accent, a high or sharp tone RPra1t. APra1t. Pa1n2. &c.

a gift, donation

a kind of musical instrument

a large drum

an ornament or figure of speech in rhetoric

work, business

(%{am}) n. pompous or showy speech Ka1vya7d. Sa1h. Prata1par.
उदान (udāna) (udāna)
m. breathing upwards

one of the five vital airs of the human body (that which is in the throat and rises upwards) Veda1ntas. 97 AV. xi, 8, 4 VS. ChUp. S3Br. MBh. Sus3r. &c.

the navel

an eyelash

a kind of snake

joy, heart's joy (Buddh.) see 2. %{ud-an}.
उदार (udāra) (udāra)
mf(%{A} and %{I} [gan2a %{bahv-Adi} Pa1n2. 4-1, 45])n. ( %{R}), high, lofty, exalted

great, best

noble, illustrious, generous

upright, honest MBh. S3ak. S3is3. &c.

liberal, gentle, munificent

sincere, proper, right

eloquent

unperplexed

exciting, effecting RV. x, 45, 5

active, energetic Sarvad.

m. rising fog or vapour (in some cases personified as spirits or deities) AV. AitBr.

a sort of grain with long stalks

a figure in rhetoric (attributing nobleness to an inanimate object).
उदाहरण (udāharaṇa) (udāharaṇa)
n. the act of relating, saying, declaring, declaration Gaut. Kum. Vikr.

referring a general rule to a special case, an example, illustration Sa1h. Ka1s3. &c.

(in log.) the example, instance (constituting the third member in a fivefold syllogism) Tarkas. 41 Nya1yad. Nya1yak.

exaggeration Sa1h.
उदित (udita) (udita)
(for 2. see s.v.) mfn. risen, ascended

being above, high, tall, lofty RV. ChUp. Mn. &c.

conceited, proud, boasting MBh.

elevated risen

increased, grown, augmented R. Kir. &c.

born, produced Bhartr2.

apparent, visible RV. viii, 103, 11

incurred, experienced.
उदित (udita) (udita)
(for 2. see s.v.) mfn. risen, ascended

being above, high, tall, lofty RV. ChUp. Mn. &c.

conceited, proud, boasting MBh.

elevated risen

increased, grown, augmented R. Kir. &c.

born, produced Bhartr2.

apparent, visible RV. viii, 103, 11

incurred, experienced.
उदीच्य (udīcya) (udīcya)
mfn. being or living in the north Pa1n2. 4-2, 101 AV. S3Br. Ka1tyS3r.

m. the country to the north and west of the river Sarasvati1, the northern region MBh.

(%{As}) m. pl. the inhabitants of that country MBh. R. Ragh. VarBr2S. &c.

N. of a school Va1yuP.

a kind of perfume Sus3r. Bhpr.
उदीरित (udīrita) (udīrita)
mfn. excited, stirred up

animated, agitated

increased, augmented

said, uttered, enunciated.
उदीर्ण (udīrṇa) (udīrṇa)
mfn. issued out, excited, increased, elevated MBh. R. Sus3r. Kum. &c.

self-conceited, proud MBh.
उदुम्बर (udumbara) (udumbara)
Ved. for %{uDumbara} q.v., the tree Ficus Glomerata.
उदुम्बल (udumbala) (udumbala)
1 m. = %{udumba4ra} [T.?] AV. viii, 6, 17.
उद्गत (udgata) (udgata)
mfn. gone up, risen, ascended R2itus. MBh. &c.

come or proceeded forth, appeared, Ratna1v. Ragh. &c.

gone, departed

extended, large Ragh.

vomited, cast up

(%{A}) f. N. of a metre (consisting of four lines, with ten syllables in the first three, and thirteen in the last [187,1]

occurring e.g. in S3is3. xv).
उद्गति (udgati) (udgati)
f. coming forth Katha1s.

going up, rising, ascent

bringing up

vomiting
उद्गम (udgama) (udgama)
m. going up, rising (of a star &c.), ascending, elevation (of a mountain) R. Sus3r. Hit. VarBr2S. &c.

coming forth, becoming visible, appearing, production, origin Sus3r. Ragh. Vikr. Ratna1v. &c.

going out or away R. Katha1s. Bhartr2.

shooting forth (of a plant) Kir. Ka1vya7d.
उद्गातृ (udgātṛ) (udgātṛ)
&c. see col. 2. %{tA} m. one of the four chief-priests (viz. the one who chants the hymns of the Sa1maveda), a chanter RV. ii, 43, 2 TS. AitBr. S3Br. Ka1tyS3r. Sus3r. Mn. &c.
उद्गार (udgāra) (udgāra)
&c. see %{ud-gRR} below. m. (Pa1n2. 3-3, 29) the act of discharging, spitting out, ejecting (from the mouth), vomiting, belching, eructation R. Sus3r. Ragh. Megh. &c.

relating repeatedly Hit.

spittle, saliva MBh. Sus3r. Gaut.

flood, high water R. Ka1s3. on Pa1n2. 3-3, 29

roaring, hissing, a loud sound MBh. S3a1ntis3. &c.
उद्घटित (udghaṭita) (udghaṭita)
mfn. unlocked Kum. vii, 53.
उद्घाट (udghāṭa) (udghāṭa)
m. the act of exposing or showing (the teeth), S3ubh.

a watch or guard-house
उद्घाटक (udghāṭaka) (udghāṭaka)
m. a key Mr2icch.

(%{am}) n. a leather bucket used for drawing up water
उद्दालक (uddālaka) (uddālaka)
m. = %{ud-dAla} above Sus3r.

N. of a teacher S3Br.

(%{am}) n. a kind of honey L.
उद्दिष्ट (uddiṣṭa) (uddiṣṭa)
mfn. mentioned, particularized

described

promised

(%{am}) n. a kind of time (in music).
उद्दीपन (uddīpana) (uddīpana)
mfn. inflaming, exciting VarBr2S.

affecting violently (as poison) Das3. 12, 10

(%{am}) n. the act of inflaming, illuminating

lighting up VarBr2S.

inflaming (a passion), exciting, animating, stimulating R. R2itus. Sa1h. &c.

an incentive, stimulus

any aggravating thing or circumstance (giving poignancy to feeling or passion) Sa1h.

burning (a body &c.)
उद्देश (uddeśa) (uddeśa)
m. the act of pointing to or at, direction

ascertainment

brief statement

exemplification, illustration, explanation

mentioning a thing by name MBh. Bhag. Sus3r. Pan5cat. &c.

assignment, prescription

stipulation, bargain MBh. R.

quarter, spot, region, place

an object, a motive

upper region, high situation MBh. Pan5cat. S3ak. &c.

(in Nya1ya phil.) enunciation of a topic (that is to be further discussed and elucidated) Nya1yak.

(%{ena} and %{At}) ind. (ifc.) relative to, aiming at, Katha1s. Sus3r. &c. [188,2]
उद्देशक (uddeśaka) (uddeśaka)
mfn. illustrative, explanatory

m. an illustration, example

an illustrator, guide

(in math.) a question, problem Comm. on A1ryabh.
उद्देश्य (uddeśya) (uddeśya)
mfn. to be illustrated or explained

anything to which one refers or which one has in view Veda1ntas. Comm. on Gobh. Siddh.

that which is said or enunciated first Sa1h. Kpr. Comm. on Ka1tyS3r.

destined for A1p.

to be mentioned by name only Comm. on Nya1yam.

(%{am}) n. the end in view, an incentive.
उद्द्योत (uddyota) (uddyota)
mfn. flashing up, shining. R.

m. the act of flashing up, becoming bright or visible, revelation Katha1s. Subh. &c.

light, lustre MBh. S3a1rn3g. &c.

a division of a book, chapter

N. of Na1gojibhat2t2a's Comm. on Kaiyat2a's Bha1shyapradi1pa. [188,3]
उद्धत (uddhata) (uddhata)
mfn. raised (as dust), turned up R. S3ak. 8 c Katha1s.

lifted up, raised, elevated, high S3Br. TBr. Ka1tyS3r. Sus3r. &c.

struck (as a lute) Ka1tyS3r. xxi, 3, 7

enhanced

violent, intense BhP. Pan5cat. Katha1s. &c.

puffed up, haughty, vain, arrogant

rude, ill-behaved R. BhP. Sa1h. &c.

exceeding, excessive

abounding in, full of MBh. Pan5cat. Katha1s. &c.

stirred up, excited, agitated MBh. Ragh. &c.

m. a king's wrestler

N. of a certain donkey Pan5cat.
उद्धव (uddhava) (uddhava)
m. (%{hu}), sacrificial fire[189,1]

a festival, holiday

joy, pleasure

N. of a Ya1dava (Kr2ishn2a's friend and counsellor) MBh. Hariv. VP. BhP.
उद्धार (uddhāra) (uddhāra)
&c. see 2. %{ud-dhR}. m. (in some senses perhaps from 1. %{ud-dhR}), the act of raising, elevating, lifting up

drawing out, pulling out Gaut. MBh. Comm. on Br2A1rUp.

removing, extinction, payment (of a debt)

taking away, deduction

omission Mn. Comm. on Ya1jn5.

selection, a part to be set aside, selected part

exception TS. S3Br. AitBr. Mn. &c.

selecting (a passage), selection, extract (of a book) Comm. on Kir. x, 10

extraction, deliverance, redemption, extrication MBh. Prab. &c.

a portion, share

a surplus (given by the Hindu1 law to the eldest son beyond the shares of the younger ones) W.

the first part of a patrimony W.

the sixth part of booty taken in war (which belongs to the prince) W.

a debt (esp. one not bearing interest), Ka1tyDh.

obligation Das3.

recovering property

refutation Car. Comm. on Nya1yad.

(%{A}) f. the plant Cocculus Cordifolius

(%{am}) n. a fire-place L.
उद्धृत (uddhṛta) (uddhṛta)
mfn. drawn up or out (as water from a well &c.)

extracted, pulled up or out, eradicated, broken off MBh. R. Sus3r. &c.

drawn up or out, ladled out, skimmed AV. xii, 5, 34

xv, 12, 1 S3Br. &c.

raised, elevated, lifted up, thrown up or upwards MBh. Ra1jat. &c.

separated, set apart, taken away, removed BhP. Mn. &c.

chosen, selected, taken from or out of Mn. &c.

raised, made strong or famous Hit.

recovered

uncovered

dispersed, scattered

holding, containing

vomited L.
उद्धृतस्नेह (uddhṛtasneha) (uddhṛtasneha)
mfn. having the oil extracted (as the refuse of seeds ground for oil) Mn. iv, 62.
उद्धृतोद्धार (uddhṛtoddhāra) (uddhṛtoddhāra)
mfn. that from which the thing to be excepted is excepted Mn. x, 85.
उद्बाहुक (udbāhuka) (udbāhuka)
mfn. id. A1s3vGr2. iv, 1, 9.
उद्भव (udbhava) (udbhava)
see %{ud-bhU}. m. existence, generation, origin, production, birth

springing from, growing

becoming visible Ya1jn5. Mn. Katha1s. Pan5cat. &c.

birth-place S3vetUp. Ka1vya7d.

N. of a son of Nahusha VP.

a sort of salt L., (ifc.) mfn. produced or coming from MBh. Mn. &c.
उद्भूत (udbhūta) (udbhūta)
mfn. come forth, produced, born

grown MaitrUp. MBh. R. Katha1s. &c.

raised, elevated, increased R. R2itus.

visible, perceptible, distinct, positive Bha1sha1p.
उद्भ्रान्त (udbhrānta) (udbhrānta)
mfn. risen, ascended, gone or jumped up, turned upwards MBh. R. Ragh. Pan5cat. &c.

come forth or out of (the earth) Katha1s.

run away, disappeared Ra1jat.

wandering about, roaming MBh.

agitated, excited, bewildered, distressed MBh. R. VarBr2S. &c.

whirled, flourished

waved (as a sword)

(%{am}) n. the act of waving (a sword) MBh.

the rising (of the wind) Hariv.

excitement, agitation Sa1h.
उद्य (udya) (udya)
mfn. (%{vad} q.v.), to be spoken

(%{udya4} S3Br. xiv, 6, 8, 2, erroneous for %{uj-jya4} q.v.

%{udya} L., erroneous for %{uddhya} q.v.)
उद्यत (udyata) (udyata)
mfn. raised, held up, elevated, high MBh. R. BhP. Ragh. Katha1s. &c.

hold out, offered, presentedMBh. R. BhP. &c.

undertaken, commenced, begun R.

undertaking, commencing

ready or eager for

prepared, intent on

trained, exercised, disciplined

active, persevering, labouring diligently and incessantly (with dat. or loc. or inf. or without any object) MBh. R. Katha1s. Ragh. Ya1jn5. Ma1rkP. Ra1jat. &c.

m. a kind of time (in music)

a section, division of a book, chapter.
उद्यम (udyama) (udyama)
m. the act of raising or lifting up, elevation R. Ya1jn5. Pan5cat. &c.

undertaking, beginning

the act of striving after, exerting one's self, exertion, strenuous and continued effort, perseverance, diligence, zeal R. Kum. Pan5cat. VarBr2S. &c.
उद्यान (udyāna) (udyāna)
n. the act of going out AV. viii, 1, 6

walking out

a park, garden, royal garden Ya1jn5. R. Megh. S3ak. Pan5cat. &c.

purpose, motive

N. of a country in the north of India.
उद्युक्त (udyukta) (udyukta)
mfn. undergoing, undertaking

prepared or ready for, zealously active, labouring for some desired end MBh. R. Katha1s. &c.
उद्योग (udyoga) (udyoga)
m. the act of undertaking anything, exertion, perseverance, strenuous and continuous endeavour

active preparation Ya1jn5. Katha1s. Hit. &c.
उद्योगिन् (udyogin) (udyogin)
mfn. one who makes effort, active, laborious, persevering, energetic.
उद्र (udra) (udra)
m. (%{ud} Un2. ii, 13), a kind of aquatic animal (a crab Comm. on VS.

an otter Un2. and L.) VS. xxiv, 37

(%{am}) n. water

see %{anudra4} and %{udri4n}.
उद्वाह (udvāha) (udvāha)
m. the act of leading home (a bride), marriage, wedding MBh. Katha1s. VarBr2S. &c.
उद्वृत्त (udvṛtta) (udvṛtta)
mfn. swollen up, swelling

prominent Sus3r. MBh. Hariv. Bhartr2.

excited, agitated, waving MBh. Ragh. BhP. Sus3r. &c.

extravagant, ill-behaved, ill-mannered, proud, arrogant MBh. R. Ra1jat. &c.

turned up

opened, opened wide (as eyes) MBh. vii, 5405

ix, 432 Ma1rkP. xiv, 62 (erroneous for %{ud-vRta} BRD.) [192,3]

m. a particular position of the hands in dancing

(%{am}) n. (in astron.) the east and west hour circle or six o'clock line (cf. %{un-maNDala}).
उद्वेग (udvega) (udvega)
mfn. going swiftly

an express messenger, a runner, courier, &c.

steady, composed, tranquil

ascending mounting, going up or upwards

an ascetic whose arms by long habit continue always raised above the head

m. trembling, waving, shaking

agitation, anxiety

regret, fear, distress (occasioned by separation from a beloved object) MBh. Ragh. Pan5cat. &c.

the being offended Ka1vya7d.

admiration, astonishment

(%{udvegaMkR}, to disturb

to be disturbed in mind R. Sa1h. Pan5cat. &c.)

(%{am}) n. the fruit of the Areca Faufel

the Areca nut (called betel nut because eaten with the betel leaf)%{ud-vejaka}, &c. see cols. 1 & 2.
उन्न (unna) (unna)
mfn. wetted, wet, moistened, moist Ka1tyS3r. &c.

kind, humane[184,1] see 2. %{ud}.
उन्नत (unnata) (unnata)
mfn. bent or turned upwards, elevated, lifted up, raised, high, tall, prominent, projecting, lofty MBh. S3ak. Hit. &c.

(figuratively) high, eminent, sublime, great, noble Katha1s. Bhartr2. Sa1h. &c.

having a large hump, humpbacked (as a bull) VS. TS. La1t2y.

m. a boa (%{aja-gara}) L.N. of a Buddha Lalit.

of one of the seven R2ishis under Manu Ca1kshusha VP.

of a mountain VP.

(%{am}) n. elevation, ascension

elevated part TS.

means of measuring the day, SiddhS3ir. Su1ryas.
उन्नति (unnati) (unnati)
f. rising, ascending, swelling up

elevation, height

increase, advancement, prosperity Pan5cat. Bhartr2. Katha1s. &c.

N. of a daughter of Daksha and wife of Dharma BhP.

of the wife of Garud2a L.
उन्नद्ध (unnaddha) (unnaddha)
mfn. tied or bound up Ragh.

swollen, increased BhP. Gi1t.

unbound, excessive BhP.

arrogant, impudent, haughty, self-conceited MBh. BhP. Ra1jat.
उन्नय (unnaya) (unnaya)
see col. 2. m. the act of leading up, raising, elevating, hoisting

conclusion, induction, inference Sa1h. Ka1s3.
उन्नयन (unnayana) (unnayana)
1 (%{ud-na-}

for 2. see col. 2) mfn. having upraised eyes.2 n. (for 1. see s.v. col. 1) the act of raising, elevating, lifting, up BhP.

taking out of, drawing out (a fluid) Ka1tyS3r.

the vessel out of which a fluid is taken Ka1tyS3r.

making a straight line, or parting the hair (of a pregnant woman) upwards (see %{sImanto7nnayana})

conclusion, induction, inference.
उन्निद्र (unnidra) (unnidra)
mfn. (fr. %{nidrA} with %{ud}), sleepless, awake S3ak. 137 b Megh.

expanded (as a flower), budded, blown Katha1s. S3is3. Ka1vya7d. &c.

shining (as the moon, supposed to be awake when others are asleep

or as the rising sun) Prab. Prasannar.

bristling (as hair) Naish.
उन्मत्त (unmatta) (unmatta)
&c. see %{un-mad}. mfn. disordered in intellect, distracted, insane, frantic, mad AV. vi, 111, 3 AitBr. Ya1jn5. MBh. &c.

drunk, intoxicated, furious MaitrUp. MBh. S3ak. &c.

m. the thorn-apple, Datura Metel and Fastuosa Sus3r.

Pterospermum Acerifolium

N. of a Rakshas R.

of one of the eight forms of Bhairava.
उन्मत्तदर्शन (unmattadarśana) (unmattadarśana)
mfn. maniac-like, mad.
उन्मद (unmada) (unmada)
mfn. mad, furious

extravagant

drunk, intoxicated Pan5cat. Katha1s. Ragh. Prab. &c.

causing madness, intoxicating S3is3. vi, 20

m. insanity, intoxication W.
उन्मनस् (unmanas) (unmanas)
(%{ud-ma-}) mfn. excited or disturbed in mind, perplexed Pa1n2. 5-2, 80 Ragh. Katha1s. Vikr.

longing or wishing for, eagerly desirous Bhartr2. S3is3.

(%{As}) m. (with S3a1ktas) one of the seven Ulla1sas or mystical degrees.
उन्मनस्क (unmanaska) (unmanaska)
mfn. disturbed, perplexed Mr2icch.
उन्मनस्कता (unmanaskatā) (unmanaskatā)
f. perplexedness S3ak. (v.l.)
उन्माद (unmāda) (unmāda)
mfn. mad, insane, extravagant BhP.

m. insanity, madness

mania (as illness)

intoxication MBh. Sus3r. Sa1h. &c.
उन्मान (unmāna) (unmāna)
n. measure, measure of altitude or longitude VarBr2S. VarBr2. Comm. on Pa1n2.

weight

value, price, worth S3Br. Sus3r.

m. a particular measure of quantity (= %{unmana} q.v.), S3a1rn3gS.
उन्मार्ग (unmārga) (unmārga)
(%{ud-mA-}) mfn. taking a wrong way, going wrong or astray BhP.

overflowing Hariv.

m. deviation from the right way, wrong way (lit. and fig.) Pan5cat. MBh. Hit. &c.
उन्मार्गवृत्ति (unmārgavṛtti) (unmārgavṛtti)
mfn. going on a wrong road, going wrong, erring (lit. and fig.) MBh. Ra1jat. Katha1s. &c.
उन्मीलन (unmīlana) (unmīlana)
n. the act of opening the eyes, raising the eyelids MBh.

the becoming visible, coming forth, appearance Prab. Su1ryas.
उपकनिष्ठिका (upakaniṣṭhikā) (upakaniṣṭhikā)
f. (scil. %{aGgulI}) the finger next to the little finger, the last finger but one A1s3vGr2. S3a1n3khGr2. HirGr2. &c.
उपकरण (upakaraṇa) (upakaraṇa)
&c. see %{upa-} 1. %{kR}. n. the act of doing anything for another, doing a service or favour, helping, assisting, benefiting Pan5cat. Sa1h. Subh. &c.

instrument, implement, machine, engine, apparatus, paraphernalia (as the vessels at a sacrifice &c.) Ka1tyS3r. S3a1n3khGr2. Ya1jn5. Mn. &c.

anything added over and above, contribution, expedient

means of subsistence, anything supporting life

any object of art or science

anything fabricated Mn. Sus3r. Katha1s. Car. &c.

the insignia of royalty W.

the attendants of a king L.
उपकर्तृ (upakartṛ) (upakartṛ)
mf(%{trI})n. one who does a favour, one who benefits, a helper MBh. Ragh. Hit. Sa1h.
उपकार (upakāra) (upakāra)
&c. see %{upa-} 1. %{kR}. m. help, assistance, benefit, service, favour

use, advantage MBh. Ya1jn5. Hit. Vikr. &c.

(%{upakAre-vRt}, to be of service to another R.)

preparation, ornament, decoration, embellishment (as garlands suspended at gateways on festivals, flowers &c.) Sus3r.

(%{I}) f. a royal tent

a palace

a caravansery L.
उपकारक (upakāraka) (upakāraka)
mf(%{ikA})n. doing a service or favour, assisting, helping, benefiting

suitable, requisite Hit. Katha1s. Sarvad. &c.

subsidiary, subservient

accessory Sarvad.

(%{ikA}) f. a protectress

a female assistant

a palace, a caravansery

a kind of cake L.
उपकारिन् (upakārin) (upakārin)
mfn. helping, assisting, doing a favour

a benefactor

subsidiary, subservient, requisite MBh. Pan5cat. S3ak. Veda1ntas. &c.
उपकृति (upakṛti) (upakṛti)
f. assistance, help, favour, kindness Katha1s. Ra1jat. Prab.
उपगृहीत (upagṛhīta) (upagṛhīta)
mfn. held from below, supported A1s3vGr2. iv, 7, 10

subdued, mastered Prab.
उपग्रह (upagraha) (upagraha)
1 m. (for 2. see s.v.) seizure, confinement

a prisoner

a handful (of Kus3a grass) Ka1ty.

adding, addition (of a sound) Comm. on Pa1n2.

an %{e} used as Nidhana (q.v.) at the end of a Sa1man La1t2y. vii, 8, 11

alteration, change Sam2hUp. ii, 3

propitiation, conciliation, coaxing Das3ar.

a kind of Sandhi or peace (purchased by the cession of everything) Ka1m. Hit.

the Pada or voice of a verb Comm. on Pa1n2.

a kind of demon causing diseases (supposed to preside over the planets) Hariv. 9562. 2 m. (fr. %{graha} with %{upa} implying inferiority), a minor planet or any heavenly body of a secondary kind, a comet, meteor, falling star &c. MBh. &c.
उपग्रहण (upagrahaṇa) (upagrahaṇa)
n. the act of seizing from below, holding under, supporting Ka1tyS3r. i, 10, 6

comprehending, learning R. i, 4, 4

the taking any one prisoner, seizure, capture
उपघुष्ट (upaghuṣṭa) (upaghuṣṭa)
mfn. caused to resound, resounding with, sounding MBh. BhP.
उपचार (upacāra) (upacāra)
m. approach, service, attendance Hcat. i, 111, 2 seqq.

act of civility, obliging or polite behaviour, reverence S3Br. MBh. S3ak. &c. (64 Upaca1ras are enumerated in the Tantra-sa1ra, quoted by T.)

proceeding, practice

behaviour, conduct

mode of proceeding towards (gen.), treatment S3Br. MBh. A1p. Mn. &c.

attendance on a patient, medical practice, physicking Sus3r. Pan5cat. Vikr.

a ceremony Kum. vii, 86

present, offering, bribe

solicitation, request

ornament, decoration Kum. Ragh. vii, 4

a favourable circumstance Sa1h. 300

usage, custom or manner of speech Nya1yad.

a figurative or metaphorical expression (%{upacArAt} ind. metaphorically), metaphor, figurative application Sa1h. Sarvad. Comm. on S3is3. &c.

pretence, pretext

a kind of Sandhi (substitution of %{s} and %{S} in place of Visarga) Ka1s3. on Pa1n2. 8-3, 48

N. of a Paris3isht2a of the Sa1ma-veda.
उपचारिन् (upacārin) (upacārin)
mfn. attending upon, serving

revering R. MaitrUp.

ifc. using (a remedy) Car.
उपजात (upajāta) (upajāta)
mfn. added, additional APra1t. &c.

produced, engendered, aroused, originated MBh. Das3. &c.
उपजाति (upajāti) (upajāti)
f. a mixed metre (esp. a combination of Indra-vajra1 and Upendra-vajra1, or of Van6s3a-stha and Indra-van6s3a).
उपजीवक (upajīvaka) (upajīvaka)
mfn. living upon, subsisting by (with instr. or ifc.) MBh. R. Katha1s. Comm. on Mn.

living under, depending upon, subject to, a dependant, servant Katha1s.

(%{am}, %{ikA}) n. f. subsistence, livelihood
उपतापिन् (upatāpin) (upatāpin)
mfn. heating, inflaming

causing pain, paining MBh. Ka1vya7d. &c.

(%{upatApin}), suffering heat or pain, sick, ill S3Br. ChUp. Kaus3. Mn.
उपत्यका (upatyakā) (upatyakā)
f. land at the foot of a mountain or hill, low-land Pa1n2. Ragh. S3ak. S3is3. &c.

a vale, valley
उपदिष्ट (upadiṣṭa) (upadiṣṭa)
mfn. specified, particularized

taught, instructed

mentioned

prescribed, commanded &c.

initiated W.

(%{am}) n. counsel, advice, (in dram.) a persuasive speech in conformity with the prescribed rules Sa1h. 449 &c.
उपदेश (upadeśa) (upadeśa)
m. pointing out to, reference to Pa1n2. 1-4, 70 Kap. Ba1dar. Jaim. &c.

specification, instruction, teaching, information, advice, prescription TUp. MBh. Mn. Sus3r. S3ak. Hit. &c.

plea, pretext (= %{apa-deza}) Mn. ix, 268 Ragh. Katha1s.

initiation, communication of the initiatory Mantra or formula Ka1tyS3r.

(in Gr.) original enunciation (i.e. the original form [often having an Anubandha] in which a root, base, affix, augment, or any word or part of a word is enunciated in grammatical treatises) Pa1n2. Ka1s3. Siddh. &c.

N. of a class of writings (Buddh.)

a name, title MW. &c. see %{upa-diz}.
उपदेशिन् (upadeśin) (upadeśin)
mfn. advising, teaching, informing

(%{I}) m. a teacher, adviser Hit. Katha1s.

(%{upadezin}) mfn. (in Gr.) a word or affix &c. used in an Upa-des3a (q.v.) Comm. on Pa1n2.
उपदेष्टव्य (upadeṣṭavya) (upadeṣṭavya)
mfn. to be taught or advised

fit or proper to be taught Hit. Mr2icch.
उपध्मान (upadhmāna) (upadhmāna)
mf(%{I})n. breathing or blowing upon AV. viii, 8, 2.
उपध्मानीय (upadhmānīya) (upadhmānīya)
m. the Visarga (q.v.) as pronounced before the letters %{p} and %{ph} Pa1n2. VPra1t. &c.
उपनत (upanata) (upanata)
mfn. bent towards or inwards S3Br. Ka1tyS3r. Ka1t2h.

subdued, subjected, surrendered

dependent on (for protection &c.) A1p. MBh. Ragh. &c.

brought near to, approached, near (either in form or space)

fallen to one's share

brought about, produced, existing, being BhP. Megh. &c.
उपनन्द (upananda) (upananda)
m. N. of a Na1ga

of several men VP. BhP. &c.
उपनय (upanaya) (upanaya)
%{upa-nayana} see p. 201, col. 2. m. the bringing near, procuring MBh.

attaining, obtaining, obtainment BhP.

employment, application R.

application (the fourth member in a five fold syllogism) Sarvad. Tarkas. &c.

introduction (into any science) VarBr2S.

initiation = the next
उपनयन (upanayana) (upanayana)
n. the act of leading to or near, bringing R. BhP. Vikr.

employment, application Car.

introduction (into any science) Prab.

leading or drawing towards one's self

that ceremony in which a Guru draws a boy towards himself and initiates him into one of the three twice-born classes (one of the twelve Sam2ska1ras or purificatory rites [prescribed in the Dharma-su1tras and explained in the Gr2ihya-su1tras] in which the boy is invested with the sacred thread [different for the three castes] and thus endowed with second or spiritual birth and qualified to learn the Veda by heart

a Bra1hman is initiated in the eighth year [or seventh according to Hiranyakes3in

or eighth from conception, according to S3a1n3kha1yana &c.], a Kshatriya in the eleventh, a Vais3ya in the twelfth

but the term could be delayed)

see IW. p. 201 RTL. p. 360 seqq. A1s3vGr2. i, 19-22 S3a1n3khGr2. ii, 1-6 Pa1rGr2. ii, 2-5 Gobh. ii, 10 HirGr2. i, 1 seqq. Mn. ii, 36 Ya1jn5. i, 14.
उपनिपात (upanipāta) (upanipāta)
m. acceding, accession Sarvad.

taking place, occurring Comm. on Ba1dar.

a sudden occurrence or event, breaking forth Mudr. Ka1d.

a sudden and unexpected attack Comm. on Pa1n2. 5-3, 106.
उपनिपातिन् (upanipātin) (upanipātin)
mfn. rushing in S3ak. 237, 5

attacking suddenly.
उपनिषद् (upaniṣad) (upaniṣad)
1 (%{upa-ni-sad}) P. (pf. %{-ni4-Sedus}) to sit down near to

to approach, set about AV. xix, 41, 1 S3Br. Kaus3.
उपपत्ति (upapatti) (upapatti)
f. happening, occurring, becoming visible, appearing, taking place, production, effecting, accomplishing MBh. BhP. Bhag. Ragh. &c.

proving right, resulting

cause, reason

ascertained or demonstrated conclusion, proof, evidence, argument Sarvad. Sa1h. Veda1ntas. Naish. Ra1jat. &c.

fitness, propriety, possibility Ka1tyS3r. MBh. &c. (instr. %{upa-pattyA}, suitably, in a fit manner)

association, connection, possession

religious abstraction L.
उपपद (upapada) (upapada)
n. a word standing near or accompanying another to which it is subordinate (either a subordinate word in a compound [but not in a Bahu-vri1hi compound] generally forming the first member, or a discriminative appellation at the end of proper names, as %{varman}, %{zarman} &c.

or a preposition, particle &c. prefixed to a verb or noun

or a secondary word of any kind which is governed by or limits the general idea contained in the principal word) Pa1n2. VPra1t. Sarvad.

(%{vRkSAH@kalpo7-papadAH}, `" those trees which have the word "' %{kalpa} as accompanying word "' = %{kalpa-vRkSAH} S3is3. iii 59

cf. Ragh. xvi, 40)

a bit, little L.
उपपन्न (upapanna) (upapanna)
mfn. one who has approached a teacher (as a pupil) Sus3r. Veda1ntas.

one who has approached for protection R.

one who has obtained or reached MBh. R. Ka1s3. on Pa1n2. 4-2, 13

obtained, reached, gained

happened, fallen to one's share, produced, effected, existing, being near at hand MBh. Ya1jn5. Ragh. &c.

endowed with, possessed of, furnished with MBh. Mn. &c.

fit, suited for the occasion, adequate, conformable S3ak. Vikr. Ra1jat. &c.
उपपातक (upapātaka) (upapātaka)
n. a secondary crime, minor offence (as killing kine, forgetting the Veda, breaking a vow of chastity, offending a Guru, selling the Soma plant &c.) Gaut. xxi, 11, &c. Baudh. ii, 2, 12-14, &c. Mn. xi, 66, &c. Hariv. &c. (see also Ya1jn5. ii, 210

iii, 225

242).
उपपुराण (upapurāṇa) (upapurāṇa)
n. a secondary or minor Pura1n2a (eighteen are enumerated

the following is the list in the Ku1rma-pura1n2a: 1. Sa1natkuma1ra, 2. Na1rasin6ha (fr. Nr2isin6ha) 3. Bha1m2da, 4. S3iva-dharma, 5. Daurva1sasa, 6. Na1radi1ya, 7. Ka1pila, 8. Va1mana, 9. Aus3anasa, 10. Brahma1n2d2a, 11. Va1run2a, 12. Ka1lika1-pura1n2a, 13. Ma1hes3vara, 14. Sa1mba, 15. Saura, 16. Pa1ra1s3ara, 17. Ma1ri1ca, 18. Bha1rgava).
उपप्लव्य (upaplavya) (upaplavya)
mfn. to be overflowed

to be afflicted

(%{am}) n. N. of the capital of the Matsyas. MBh.
उपप्लुत (upapluta) (upapluta)
mfn. overflowed

invaded, afflicted, visited

distressed, pained

marked by prodigies

swallowed (as sun and moon by Ra1hu), eclipsed R. BhP. Mn. Ragh. &c.

(%{A}) f. (with %{yoni}) a particular disease of the female organ S3a1rn3gS. Car.
उपभोग (upabhoga) (upabhoga)
m. enjoyment, eating, consuming

using, usufruct MBh. Mn. S3ak. &c.

pleasure, enjoyment

enjoying (a woman or a lover) VP. Ragh. &c.

(with Jain.) enjoying, repeatedly.
उपमध्यमा (upamadhyamā) (upamadhyamā)
f. (scil. %{aGguli}) the finger next to the middle finger, the last finger but one A1pS3r. iii, 1, 2.
उपमा (upamā) (upamā)
1 (for 2. see below, and for 3. see col. 3) ind. (Ved. instr. of the above) in the closest proximity or neighbourhood RV. i, 31, 15

viii, 69, 13.
उपमन्यु (upamanyu) (upamanyu)
mfn. striving after, zealous [BRD.] RV. i, 102, 9

(knowing, understanding, intelligent Sa1y.)

(%{us}) m. N. of a R2ishi (pupil of A1yoda-dhaumya, who aided S3iva in the propagation of his doctrine and received the ocean of milk from him) MBh. Lin3gaP. Katha1s. &c.

(%{avas}) m. pl. the descendants of the above A1s3vS3r. (cf. %{aupamanyava}.)
उपमान (upamāna) (upamāna)
n. comparison, resemblance, analogy MBh. Sus3r. Katha1s. &c.

simile

the object with which anything is compared Pa1n2. Sa1h. Kum. &c.

a particle of comparison Nir.

(in log.) recognition of likeness, comparison (the third of the four Prama1n2as or means of correct knowledge)

(mfn. ifc.) similar, like Katha1s.
उपमित (upamita) (upamita)
1 (for 2. see %{upa-mi}) mfn. compared, illustrated by comparison Pa1n2. Bhartr2. &c.

similar. 2 (for 1. see above) mfn. stuck or fastened on, put into Vait.
उपमिति (upamiti) (upamiti)
f. comparison

resemblance, likeness, similarity Sa1h.

analogy

knowledge of things derived from analogy or resemblance Sarvad.
उपयन्तृ (upayantṛ) (upayantṛ)
%{tA} m. a husband Ragh. vii, 1 Kum.
उपयात (upayāta) (upayāta)
mfn. approached, visited, frequented

one who has approached or come near

one who has obtained

approached sexually (as a woman)

(%{am}) n. arrival.
उपयुक्त (upayukta) (upayukta)
mfn. enjoyed, eaten, consumed MBh. R.

employed, applicable

suitable, fit, appropriate, useful Katha1s. Ra1jat. Prab. &c.

proper, right

serviceable

worthy S3ak. Hit. Pat. &c.
उपयोग (upayoga) (upayoga)
m. employment, use, application MBh. Sus3r. Prab.

(%{upayogaM-gam} or %{vraj}, to be employed Kum. S3a1rn3g.)

enjoyment, consuming, taking Sus3r.

any act tending to a desired object

an engagement, compact, agreement Pa1n2. 1-4, 29

use, fitness

acquisition (of knowledge) Gaut. vii, 1

good conduct, observing established practices
उपयोगिन् (upayogin) (upayogin)
mfn. serving for use or application, suitable, fit, useful, convenient Katha1s. Sa1h. &c.

appropriate

favourable, propitious

(ifc.) using, employing Das3.

touching, in contact with L.
उपरत (uparata) (uparata)
mfn. ceased, stopped, quiet, indifferent, patient S3Br. MBh. BhP. &c.

dead S3a1n3khGr2. R. Pan5cat. &c.

ceasing to exist, disappeared, nonexisting, Pa1rGr. Mn. BhP. &c.

withdrawn or retired from, left off, given up R.
उपरति (uparati) (uparati)
f. cessation, stopping Ma1rkP. Sus3r.

death Ka1d.

desisting from sensual enjoyment or any worldly action, quietism, Veda1ntas.
उपरत्न (uparatna) (uparatna)
n. a secondary or inferior gem Bhpr.
उपरूपक (uparūpaka) (uparūpaka)
n. `" minor Ru1paka "', a drama of an inferior class (eighteen of which are enumerated) Sa1h. 276

cf. Sa1h. 539 seqq.
उपरोध (uparodha) (uparodha)
m. besieging, obstruction, blockading, impediment, check MBh. Sus3r. Prab. &c.

trouble, disturbance, injure, damage Pa1rGr2. Mn. S3ak.

disunion, quarrel VarBr2S.

regard, respect Katha1s.
उपरोधन (uparodhana) (uparodhana)
n. the act of besieging or blockading Sa1h.

obstruction, impediment R.
उपलब्ध (upalabdha) (upalabdha)
mfn. obtained, received

conceived

perceived, heard, understood, learnt, known, guessed.
उपलम्भन (upalambhana) (upalambhana)
n. apprehension, perceiving

the capacity of perceiving, intelligence BhP.
उपवन (upavana) (upavana)
n. a small forest or wood, grove, garden MBh. Mn. Megh. &c.

a planted forest L.
उपवास (upavāsa) (upavāsa)
m. (n. L.) a fast, fasting (as a religious act comprising abstinence from all sensual gratification, from perfumes, flowers, unguents, ornaments, betel, music, dancing &c.) Gaut. A1s3vGr2. Mn. ii, 183

xi, 195

212 Ya1jn5. iii, 190 MBh. &c.

abstinence from food &c. in general Sus3r. R. Pan5cat. &c.

kindling a sacred fire

a fire altar W.
उपवासिन् (upavāsin) (upavāsin)
mfn. one who observes a fast, fasting MBh. Dhu1rtas.
उपविद्या (upavidyā) (upavidyā)
f. inferior knowledge, profane science. [207,1]
उपविष्ट (upaviṣṭa) (upaviṣṭa)
mfn. seated, sitting Ka1tyS3r. MBh. &c.

come to, arrived, entered (into any state or condition)

ifc. having obtained R. Das3. &c.

occupied with, engaged in MBh. Pan5cat. Bhat2t2.
उपवीत (upavīta) (upavīta)
&c. see %{upa-vye}.
उपवेद (upaveda) (upaveda)
m. `" secondary knowledge "'N. of a class of writings subordinate or appended to the four Vedas (viz. the %{Ayur-veda}, or science of medicine, to the R2ig-veda

the %{dhanurveda} or science of archery, to the Yajur-veda

the %{gAndharva-veda} or science of music, to the Sa1maveda

and the %{zastra-zAstra} or science of arms, to the Atharva-veda

this is according to the Caran2avyu1ha, but Sus3r. and the Bhpr. make the A1yur-veda belong to the Atharva-veda

according to others, the %{sthApatya-veda} or science of architecture, and %{zilpa-zAstra} or knowledge of arts, are reckoned as the fourth Upa-veda).
उपवेशन (upaveśana) (upaveśana)
n. the act of sitting down A1s3vS3r. Kaus3.

a seat Ragh.

the being devoted to or engaged in MBh. Pan5cat.

evacuation or motion of the bowels Car.

causing to sit down
उपश्रुति (upaśruti) (upaśruti)
f. giving ear to, listening attentively RV. i, 10, 3

viii, 8, 5

34, 11 AV. ii, 16, 2

xvi, 2, 5

range of hearing S3Br. S3a1n3khS3r.

hearing BhP.

rumour, report MBh. v, 30, 5 (ed. Bomb.

%{apa-zruti} ed. Calc. v, 871)

a kind of supernatural oracular voice (answering questions about future events, and supposed to be uttered by an idol after mystic invocations, Vidha1na-pa1rija1ta T.) MBh. Ka1d. &c., (cf. %{zakuno7pa-})

(%{is}) m. N. of an evil spirit Pa1rGr2. i, 16, 23.
उपसंहार (upasaṃhāra) (upasaṃhāra)
m. the act of withdrawing, withholding, taking away MBh.

drawing towards one's self, bringing near TPra1t.

summarizing, summing up, re4sume4 Veda1ntas. Nya1yak.

conclusion, end, epilogue Katha1s. Sa1h. Sarvad. &c.

N. of the concluding chapters in several books

suppression, subduing

end, death, destruction L.
उपसद् (upasad) (upasad)
1 P. %{-sIdati} (Ved. Pot. 1. pl. %{-sadema}

impf. %{-asadat}) to sit upon (acc.) RV. vi, 75, 8

to sit near to, approach (esp. respectfully), revere, worshipTS. S3Br. &c. MBh. Ragh. &c.

to approach (a teacher in order to become his pupil) Katha1s. [209,2]

to approach asking, request, crave for RV. i, 89, 2

vii, 33, 9 TS. ii S3Br. ii

to approach in a hostile manner BhP. vi, 3, 27

to possess RV. viii, 47, 16 AV. iii, 14, 6

to perform the Upasad ceremony (see below) TS. vi, 2, 3, 4: Caus. %{-sAdayati}, to place or put upon or by the side of TS. TBr. S3Br. &c.

to cause to approach, lead near (see %{upa-sAdita}).
उपसन्न (upasanna) (upasanna)
mfn. put or placed upon, being on TBr. ii AitBr. Ka1tyS3r.

come near, approached (for protection or instruction or worship &c.) Kaus3. Pa1rGr2. Mun2d2Up. BhP.

placed near to, given, bestowed upon MBh.
उपसर्ग (upasarga) (upasarga)
%{upa-sarjana} see col. 2. m. (g. %{nyaGkv-Adi} Pa1n2. 7-3, 53) addition AitBr. iv, 4, 1

2 RPra1t.

misfortune, trouble, a natural phenomenon (considered as boding evil) R. Prab. Ratna1v. Das3. &c.

an eclipse (of a star) Comm. on Mn. iv, 105

(in med.) a fit, paroxysm (supposed to be possession by an evil spirit) Sus3r.

a disease superinduced on another Sus3r. ii, 429, 13

change occasioned by any disease

indication or symptom of death

a Nipa1ta or particle joined to a verb or noun denoting action, a preposition (see also %{gati} and %{karma-pravacanIya}

they are enumerated Pa1n2. 1-4, 58

in the Veda they are separable from the verb) Pa1n2. 1-4, 59

vi, 3, 97

122 Ka1ty. Pat. RPra1t. APra1t. &c.
उपसर्जन (upasarjana) (upasarjana)
n. (ifc. mf[%{A}]n.) the act of pouring upon Ka1tyS3r.

infusion Car.

an inauspicious phenomenon, eclipse Mn. iv, 105

anything or any person subordinate to another Mn.

a substitute, representation Nya1yam. &c.

(in Gr.) `" subordinate, secondary "' (opposed to %{pradhAna}), any word which by composition or derivation loses its original independence while it also determines the sense of another word (e.g. the word %{rAjan} in %{rAjapuruSa}, `" a king's servant or minister "', and the word %{apizali} in %{Apizala} Pa1n2. 1-2, 43, &c.

vi, 2, 36

in a Bahu-vri1hi compound both members are %{upasarjana}

in other compounds generally the first member Pa1n2. 2-2, 30

for exceptions see Pa1n2. 2-2, 31)

(%{I}) f. (%{upa-sa4rjanI}) infusion S3Br. i Ka1tyS3r.
उपसुन्द (upasunda) (upasunda)
m. `" the younger brother of Sunda "'N. of a Daitya MBh. VP. Hit.
उपसृप्त (upasṛpta) (upasṛpta)
mfn. approached, come near to.
उपसेचन (upasecana) (upasecana)
mfn. pouring upon or sprinkling, serving for sprinkling RV. vii, 101, 4

(%{I}) f. a ladle or cup for pouring RV. X, 21, 2

105, 10

(%{am}) n. the act of pouring upon, sprinkling RV. x, 76, 7 Ka1tyS3r. Pa1rGr2.

anything poured over or upon, infusion, juice AV. xi, 3, 13 Kat2hUp. (cf. %{anupa-} and %{kSIro7pa-}.)
उपसेवा (upasevā) (upasevā)
f. homage, worship, courting MBh. Mn.

addiction to, use, enjoyment, employment Hit. Car.
उपस्कर (upaskara) (upaskara)
1 (for 2. see below), %{as} m. (n. MBh. v, 7234) any utensil, implement or instrument

any article of household use (as is broom, basket &c.), appurtenance, apparatus MBh. Sus3r. Mn. &c.

an ingredient, condiment, spice

N. of a R2ishi BrahmaP.

ornament, decoration T.

blame, censure W. 2 m. the act of hurting, violating T.
उपस्कृत (upaskṛta) (upaskṛta)
mfn. furnished with Sus3r. BhP.

added, supplied Siddh.

prepared, arranged, elaborated

ornamented, embellished, decorated, adorned MBh. R. Mn. Bhartr2. &c.

deformed, deranged, spoiled Pa1n2. MBh. Mn.

assembled Siddh.

blamed, censured W.
उपस्तीर्ण (upastīrṇa) (upastīrṇa)
mfn. spread or scattered over

clothed, wrapped

poured out, poured under.
उपस्थ (upastha) (upastha)
1 m. `" the part which is under "', lap, middle or inner part of anything, a well-surrounded or sheltered place, secure placeVS. AitBr. S3Br. &c.

(%{upasthaM-kR}, to make a lap, sit down with the legs bent AitBr. viii, 9, 5 A1s3vGr2. S3a1n3khS3r.

%{upasthe-kR}, to take on one's lap S3Br. iii)

(%{as}, %{am}) m. n. the generative organs (esp. of a woman) VS. ix, 22 S3Br. MBh. Mn. Ya1jn5. &c.

the haunch or hip

the anus L.
उपस्थान (upasthāna) (upasthāna)
n. the act of placing one's self near to, going near, approach, access (%{upa-sthA4naM-kR}, to give access or scope for S3Br. i)

coming into the presence of, going near to (in order to worship), worshipping, waiting on, attendance S3Br. Ka1tyS3r. A1s3vS3r. MBh. &c.

standing near, presence, proximity, nearness Ya1jn5. Hcat.

staying upon or at, abiding, a place of abiding, abode Nir.

assembly MBh. R. BhP.

any object approached with respect, a sanctuary, abode (of a god) Pa1rGr2.

a particular part of the Sam2dhya1 MW.
उपस्पर्शन (upasparśana) (upasparśana)
n. the act of touching Ka1tyS3r. v, vi Sam2hUp.

ablution, bath MBh. R.

sipping water Ka1tyS3r. S3a1n3khS3r. (cf. %{udako7pa-}.)
उपहत (upahata) (upahata)
mfn. hit, hurt, damaged, injured, visited, afflicted, pained, infected S3Br. MBh. R. S3ak. &c.

affected, transported (with passion) BhP.

seduced, misled Sa1ntis3.

distressed, weakened, dis -couraged MBh. R. Hit. Katha1s.

killed Uttarar.

scattered over, covered Comm. on Mn. iii, 208.
उपहास (upahāsa) (upahāsa)
m. laughter, derision, mockery, jeer Katha1s. Ragh. Sa1h.

ridiculousness VarBr2S.

fun, play, jest, sport S3Br. Pa1rGr2. MBh. &c.
उपांशु (upāṃśu) (upāṃśu)
%{u} ind. (fr. %{aMz}, `" to divide "', with %{upa} and affix %{u} T. (?) g. %{svar-Adi} Pa1n2. 1-1, 37), secretly, in secret RV. x, 83, 7 MBh. Ragh. &c.

in a low voice, in a whisper S3Br. AitBr.

m. a prayer uttered in a low voice (so as not to be overheard) Mn. ii, 85 Ma1rkP. &c.

a particular Soma oblation = %{upAMzu-graha} below VS. TS. S3Br. Ka1tyS3r. &c.
उपाकरण (upākaraṇa) (upākaraṇa)
n. the act of bringing near, fetching S3Br. Pa1rGr2. &c.

setting about, preparation, beginning, commencing A1p. A1s3vS3r. & Gr2. Ka1tyS3r. &c.

commencement of reading the Veda (after the performance of preparatory rites, as initiation &c.) S3a1n3khGr2. iv, 5, 1

N. of a particular Stotra or prayer at sacrifices Ka1tyS3r. iii.
उपाकर्मन् (upākarman) (upākarman)
%{a} n. preparation, setting about, commencement (esp. of reading the Veda) Pa1rGr2. ii Mn. iv, 119 Ya1jn5.
उपाख्या (upākhyā) (upākhyā)
1 A1. (fut. 1. sg. %{-khyAsye}) to give an account about (anything), relate BhP. ii, 9, 45.
उपाख्यान (upākhyāna) (upākhyāna)
1 n. account, relation, repetition of an event BhP.
उपाङ्ग (upāṅga) (upāṅga)
1 (for 2. see %{upA7Jj}) n. a minor limb or member of the body Ma1rkP. Sarvad.

a subdivision

a supplementary or additional work, secondary portion of a science MBh. Hariv. &c. (such as the Pura1n2as, the Nya1ya, Mima1n6sa1, and the Dharma-s3a1stras)

N. of a class of sacred writings of the Jainas (eight are enumerated, the last of which includes four subdivisions)

a sectarial mark (made with sandal &c.) on the forehead

(in mus.) a particular drum-like instrument.2 (for 1. see above), %{as} m. the act of smearing, anointing Car.
उपात्त (upātta) (upātta)
(contracted fr. %{upA7-datta}

cf. %{A-tta}) mfn. received, accepted, acquired, gained, obtained

appropriated

taken away

seized, gathered

shaped

felt, perceived, regarded

comprised

employed, used

begun

enumerated

allowed in argument, granted, conceded

m. an elephant out of rut L.
उपादान (upādāna) (upādāna)
n. the act of taking for one's self, appropriating to one's self MBh. Mn. &c.

perceiving, noticing, learning, acquiring (knowledge) Hit. Vop.

accepting, allowing, including

employment, use Sa1h. Sarvad. Kap.

saying, speaking, mentioning, enumeration Veda1ntas. Ka1s3. Siddh.

abstraction, withdrawing (the organs of sense from the outer world)

(with Buddh.) grasping at or clinging to existence (caused by %{tRSNA}, desire, and causing %{bhava}, new births)

(with Ra1ma1nujas) preparation (of perfumes, flowers &c. as one of the five elements of worship) Sarvad.

cause, motive, material cause

material of any kind Sa1m2khyak. Veda1ntas. Kap. &c.

offering, present L.
उपादेय (upādeya) (upādeya)
mfn. to be taken or received

not to be refused

to be allowed, admissible, acceptable, S3a1ntis3. Sarvad. Kap. &c.

to be included, included Sa1h.

to be chosen or selected, excellent, admirable.
उपाधि (upādhi) (upādhi)
1 (for 2. see s.v.), %{is} m. that which is put in the place of another thing, a substitute, substitution R.

anything which may be taken for or has the mere name or appearance of another thing, appearance, phantom, disguise (said to be applied to certain forms or properties considered as disguises of the spirit W.) Prab. Bha1sha1p. Sa1h. &c.

anything defining more closely, a peculiarity

an attribute (%{asty-upA7dhi}, having, `" is "' as an attribute)

title, discriminative appellation, nickname

limitation, qualification (e.g. %{an-upA7dhi-rAmaNIya}, beautiful without limitation i.e. altogether beautiful)

(in log.) a qualifying term added to a too general middle term to prevent ativya1pti

that which is placed under, supposition, condition, postulate Sarvad. Veda1ntas. Tarkas. BhP. &c.

deception, deceit MBh. iii, 13017

species.2 (for 1. see col. 2) m. ( %{dhyai}), point of view, aim Car.

reflection on duty, virtuous reflection

a man who is careful to support his family
उपाध्याय (upādhyāya) (upādhyāya)
m. (%{i}), a teacher, preceptor (who subsists by teaching a part of the Veda or Veda1n3gas, grammar &c.

he is distinguished from the A1ca1rya q.v.) Mn. iv, 141, &c. Ya1jn5. i, 35 MBh. S3ak. &c.

(%{A}, or %{I}) f. a female teacher Ka1ty. on Pa1n2. 3-13, 21

(%{I}) f. the wife of a teacher Ka1ty. on Pa1n2. 4-1, 49.
उपान्त (upānta) (upānta)
mfn. near to the end, last but one

(%{am}) n. proximity to the end or edge or margin

border, edge TS. vi Ragh. Pan5cat. Kir. &c.

the last place but one VarBr2S.

immediate or close proximity, nearness Katha1s. Ra1jat. Megh. &c.

(%{e}) ind. in the proximity of, near to

(%{am}, %{At}) ind. (ifc.) near to, towards

the last letter but one

the corner of the eye W.
उपाय (upāya) (upāya)
&c. see p. 215, col. 2. m. coming near, approach, arrival Bhartr2.

that by which one reaches one's aim, a means or expedient (of any kind), way, stratagem, craft, artifice MBh. Mn. Ya1jn5. Pan5cat. &c.

(esp.) a means of success against an enemy (four are usually enumerated, sowing dissension, negotiation, bribery, and open assault)

joining in or accompanying (in singing) S3a1n3khS3r.
उपालम्भ (upālambha) (upālambha)
m. reproach, censure, abuse, finding fault with MBh. Hit. Katha1s. &c.

prohibition, interdict Nya1yad.
उपासन (upāsana) (upāsana)
1 n. the act of throwing off (arrows), exercise in archery MBh. 2 %{am}, %{A} n. f. the act of sitting or being near or at hand

serving, waiting upon, service, attendance, respect A1p. Gaut. Mn. Ya1jn5. &c.

homage, adoration, worship (with Ra1ma1nujas, consisting of five parts, viz. Abhigamana or approach, Upa1da1na or preparation of offering, Ijya1 or oblation, Sva1dhya1ya or recitation, and Yoga or devotion) Sarvad. Veda1ntas. &c.

(%{am}) n. a seat Vait.

the being intent on or engaged in Mr2icch. R.

domestic fire Ya1jn5. iii, 45.
उपास्य (upāsya) (upāsya)
1 mfn. to be revered or honoured or worshipped MBh. S3a1ntis3. Sarvad. &c.

to be attended on

to be performed TUp.

to be had recourse to Sa1h. 2 ind. p. having served or worshipped.
उपेक्षण (upekṣaṇa) (upekṣaṇa)
n. the act of disregarding, overlooking, disregard, indifference, connivance MBh. Hit. Sarvad. &c.

not doing, omission La1t2y. i, 1, 26

care, circumspection Car.
उपेत (upeta) (upeta)
mfn. one who has come near or approached, one who has betaken himself to, approached (for protection), arrived at, abiding in MBh. VarBr2S. &c.

one who has obtained or entered into any state or condition, one who has undertaken (e.g. a vow) MBh. Ratna1v. Sa1h. &c.

come to, fallen to the share of Prab.

(a pupil) who has approached (a teacher), initiated Ya1jn5. iii, 2 A1s3vGr2. i, 22, 21

22 Pa1rGr2. iii, 10, 10

accompanied by, endowed with, furnished with, having, possessing MBh. R. Bhag. Hit. &c.

one who has approached (a woman sexually) T.
उपेन्द्र (upendra) (upendra)
m. `" younger brother of Indra "'N. of Vishn2u or Kr2ishn2a (born subsequently to Indra, especially as son of Aditi, either as A1ditya or in the dwarf Avata1ra) MBh. Hariv. R. VP. &c.

N. of a Na1ga

(%{A}) f. N. of a river MBh. VP.
उपोढ (upoḍha) (upoḍha)
1 (in some cases not to be distinguished from 2. %{upo7Dha} q.v. under %{upo7h}) mfn. brought near, effected, appeared Ra1jat. Das3.

&c.

near (in time and space) Ma1lav. Kum.

(%{A}) f. `" brought home in addition to "', a second or inferior but favourite wife R. i, 13, 37 (ed. Schlegel

%{vAvAtA} [q.v.] ed. Bombay i, 14, 35). For 1. see %{upa-vah}, p. 206, col. 3

for 2. see %{upo7h}, next col. 2 mfn. (in some cases not to be distinguished from 1. %{upo7Dha}, p. 206, col. 3) pushed or driven near, near

brought near, caused to appear, produced S3ak. 177 a Vikr. &c.

brought about, advanced, commenced

heaped up, accumulated, gathered S3ak. 111 a.
उपोषित (upoṣita) (upoṣita)
mfn. one who has fasted, fasting MBh. Ya1jn5. Ragh. &c.

(%{am}) n. a fast, fasting Ma1rkP. Mn. v, 155, &c.
उप्त (upta) (upta)
%{upti}, &c. see 2. %{vap}. 1 mfn. shorn, shaved Gr2S3rS.
उप्त (upta) (upta)
%{upti}, &c. see 2. %{vap}. 1 mfn. shorn, shaved Gr2S3rS.
उभ (ubha) (ubha)
%{au}, (Ved. %{A}), %{e}, %{e} mfn. du. (g. %{sarvA7di} Pa1n2. 1-1, 27) bothS3Br. Mn. &c.

[cf. Zd. {uba}

Gk. $

Lat. {ambo}

Goth. {bai}

&67831[216,2] Old High Germ. {beide}

Slav. {oba}

Lith. {abhu4}.]
उभयपदिन् (ubhayapadin) (ubhayapadin)
mfn. (fr. %{ubhaya-pada}), having both Parasmai-pada and A1tmane-pada.
उभय (ubhaya) (ubhaya)
mf(%{I})n. (only sg. and pl.

according to Hara-datta also du. see Siddh. vol. i, p. 98) both, of both kinds, in both ways, in both mannersTS. S3Br. AitA1r. Mn. &c.

(%{I}) f. a kind of bricks S3ulbas.
उमा (umā) (umā)
f. (perhaps fr. %{ve} BRD.) flax (Linum Usitatissimum) S3Br. vi Kaus3. Pa1n2.

turmeric (Curcuma Longa) Car.

N. of the daughter of Himavat (wife of the god S3iva

also called Pa1rvati1 and Durga1

the name is said to be derived from %{u@mA}, `" O [child], do not [practise austerities] "' the exclamation addressed to Pa1rvati1 by her mother) Hariv. 946 S3ivaP. Kum. i, 26 R. Ragh. &c.

N. of several women

splendour, light

fame, reputation

quiet, tranquillity

night L.
उमापति (umāpati) (umāpati)
m. id. TA1r. MBh. Katha1s. &c.

N. of a grammarian

%{-datta} m. N. of a man

%{-dhara} m. N. of a poet

%{-sevin} mfn. worshipping S3iva.
उरग (uraga) (uraga)
m. (fr. %{ura} = %{uras} [Ka1ty. on Pa1n2. 3-2, 48] and %{ga}, `" breast-going "'), a serpent, snake

a Na1ga (semi-divine serpent usually represented with a human face) Suparn2. viii, 5 Sus3r. Ragh. &c.

N. of the Nakshatra A1s3lesha (presided over by the Na1gas)

lead

(%{A}) f. N. of a town MBh.

(%{I}) f. a female snake Prab.
उरु (uru) (uru)
mf(%{vI4})n. (1. %{vR}

%{UrNu} Un2. i, 32), wide, broad, spacious, extended, great, large, much, excessive, excellentMBh. Ragh.

(%{us}) m. N. of an A1n3girasa A1rshBr.

of a son of the fourteenth Manu BhP. VP.

(%{vI}) f. the earth

see %{urvI4}, p. 218, col. 1

(%{u}) n. wide space, space, room RV. (with %{kR}, to grant space or scope, give opportunity RV.)

(%{u}) ind. widely, far, far off RV.

(%{uruyA4} MaitrS.

1. %{urvyA4} and %{urviyA4} instr. of the fem.) ind. far, far off, to a distance RV. VS. TS.

compar. %{varIyas}, superl. %{variSTha}

[cf. Gk. $, $, &c.: Hib. {ur}, `" very "'

&68196[217,3] %{uras}, `" power, ability. "']
उरस् (uras) (uras)
n. ( %{R} Un2. iv, 194), the chest, breast, bosomS3Br. MBh. S3ak. &c. (%{urasi@kRtvA}, or %{urasi-kRtya} ind. having assented or adopted, but only %{urasi@kRtvA} in the sense of having put upon the breast Pa1n2. 1-4, 75)

the best of its kind

(%{As}) m. N. of a man g. %{tikA7di} Pa1n2. 4-1, 154 (in the Ka1s3.)
उर्वशी (urvaśī) (urvaśī)
f. (fr. %{uru} and 1. %{az}, `" to pervade "' see M.M., Chips, vol. ii, p. 99), `" widely extending "'N. of the dawn (personified as an Apsaras or heavenly nymph who became the wife of Puru1-ravas)xviii, 3, 23 VS. S3Br. Vikr. &c.

N. of a river MBh. xii.
उर्वारु (urvāru) (urvāru)
%{us} (L.), %{U4s} mf. a species of cucumber, Cucumis Usitatissimus AV. vi, 14, 2

(%{u}) n. the fruit of Cucumis Usitatissimus Ta1n2d2yaBr. (cf. %{irvAru}.)
उर्वारुक (urvāruka) (urvāruka)
n. id. Hcat.
उलूक (ulūka) (ulūka)
m. (%{val} Un2. iv, 41), an owl RV. x, 165, 4 AV. vi, 29, 1 VS. TS. MBh. Mn. &c.

N. of Indra Va1m.

of a Muni (in the Va1yuP. enumerated together with Kan2a1da, but perhaps identical with him, as the Vais3eshika system is called Aulu1kya-dars3ana in the Sarvad.)

of a Na1ga Suparn2.

of a king of the Ulu1kas

(%{As}) m. pl.N. of a people MBh. Hariv.

(%{I}) f. N. of the primeval owl Hariv. 222 VP.

(%{am}) n. a kind of grass (= %{ulapa})(cf. Lat. {ulula}

Gk. $

Old &68461[218,3] High Germ. {u1la}

Angl. Sax. {u1le}

Mod. Germ. {Eule}

Eng. {owl}

Fr. {hulotte}.)
उलूखल (ulūkhala) (ulūkhala)
n. a wooden mortar RV. i, 28, 6 AV. TS. S3Br. A1s3vS3r. &c.

N. of a particular kind of cup for holding the Soma (shaped like a mortar) Comm. on Ka1tyS3r.

a staff of Ud2umbara wood (carried on certain occasions)

bdellium

m. N. of an evil spirit Pa1rGr2. i, 16, 23

of a particular ornament for the ear MBh. iii, 10520.
उल्का (ulkā) (ulkā)
f. (%{uS} Un2. iii, 42), a fiery phenomenon in the sky, a meteor, fire falling from heaven RV. iv, 4, 2

x, 68, 4 AV. xix, 9, 9 MBh. Ya1jn5. Sus3r. &c.

a firebrand, dry grass &c. set on fire, a torch S3Br. v R. Katha1s. &c.

(in astrol.) one of the eight principal Das3a1s or aspect of planets indicating the fate of men, Jyotisha (T.)

N. of a grammar.
उल्ब (ulba) (ulba)
or %{u4lva} (rarely %{as}, m.) n. ( %{uc}, `" to accumulate "' Un2. iv, 95

more probably fr. 1. %{vR} BRD.), a cover, envelope, esp. the membrane surrounding the embryo RV. x, 51, 1 AV. iv, 2, 8 VS. TS. S3Br. &c.

the vulva, womb VS. xix, 76

a cave, cavity

[cf. Lat. {alvus}, {vulva}

Lith. {urwA}, {u10la}.]
उल्बण (ulbaṇa) (ulbaṇa)
or n. the membrane enveloping the embryo TA1r. i, 10, 7
उल्लम्फन (ullamphana) (ullamphana)
(%{ud-la-}) n. a jump[219,2]
उल्लिखित (ullikhita) (ullikhita)
mfn. slit, torn

scratched, polished, &c.
उशत् (uśat) (uśat)
1 %{an}, or %{uzata} m. N. of a king Hariv.
उशनस् (uśanas) (uśanas)
%{A} (Pa1n2. 7-1, 94

Ved. acc. %{Am}

Ved. loc. and dat. %{e}

voc. %{as}, %{a}, and %{an} Ka1s3. on Pa1n2.) m. N. of an ancient sage with the patronymic Ka1vyaiv, 29, 6 Kaus3. (in later times identified with S3ukra, the teacher of the Asuras, who presides over the planet Venus)

N. of the planet Venus MBh. Ya1jn5. Pan5cat. &c.

N. of the author of a Dharma-s3a1stra Hcat. i, 5

(%{uzanasaH@stoma} m. N. of a verse (RV. v, 29, 9) to be muttered by one who thinks himself poisoned As3vS3r. v, 9, 1.)
उशी (uśī) (uśī)
f. wish L.
उशिज् (uśij) (uśij)
mfn. (Un2. ii, 71) wishing, desiring, striving earnestly, zealous RV.

desirable, amiable, lovely, charming VS. TS. S3a1n3khS3r. BhP.

(%{k}) m. fire Un2.

boiled butter, ghee ib.

(%{k}) f. N. of the mother of Kakshi1vat.
उषस् (uṣas) (uṣas)
%{As} f. (nom. pl. %{uSA4sas} and %{uSa4sas}

instr. pl. %{uSa4dbhis} RV. i, 6, 3

see Ka1s3. on Pa1n2. 7-4, 48) morning light, dawn, morning (personified as the daughter of heaven and sister of the A1dityas and the night)S3Br. S3ak. &c.

the evening light RV. x, 127, 7

N. of a wife of Bhava (= $) or Rudra VP.

(%{uSA4sau}, %{-A4sA}, and %{-a4sA}) f. du. night and morning RV. VS. &c.

(%{sI}) f. the end of day, twilight

(%{as}) n. daybreak, dawn, twilight Un2. iv, 233

the outer passage of the ear

the Ma1laya range

[cf. Gk. $

Lat. {aurora}

Lith. {ausz-ra}

Old &68933[220,1] High Germ. {o7s-tan}.] 1.
उषित (uṣita) (uṣita)
1 (for 2. see s.v.) mfn. burnt

quick, expeditious2 (for 1. col. 1) mfn. p. of 5. %{vas} q.v. see under 1. %{uS}. (ep. also %{uSTa}) mfn. (for 1. see p. 220) past, spent (as time

n. impers. `" time has been spent "') MBh. Ka1v. &c.

retired or resorted to (as a place) Ka1v.

one who has halted or stayed (esp. `" overnight "') or has been absent or lived or remained or waited in any place (loc. or comp.) or for any time (acc. or comp.) MBh. Ka1v. &c.

one who has had sexual intercourse with (%{saha}) BrahmaP.

what has stood or lain (esp. `" overnight "' said of things) VarBr2S. Sus3r.

one who has fasted VarBr2S.
उष्ट (uṣṭa) (uṣṭa)
mfn. burnt
उष्ट्र (uṣṭra) (uṣṭra)
m. (%{uS} Un2. iv, 161

but probably connected with the above), a buffaloxx, 127, 2

132, 13 VS. S3Br. AitBr.

a camel MBh. Mn. Pan5cat. &c.

a cart, waggon

N. of an Asura Hariv.

(%{I}) f. a she-camel Sus3r. Pan5cat. &c.

an earthen vessel in the shape of a camel

N. of a plant Nigh.
उष्ण (uṣṇa) (uṣṇa)
mf(%{A}, rarely %{I})n. (Un2. iii, 2) hot, warm

ardent, passionate, impetuous RV. x, 4, 2 AV. vi, 68, 1

viii, 9, 17 S3Br. ChUp. Sus3r. Mn. &c.

pungent, acrid

sharp, active

m. onion[220,2]

N. of a man VP.

(%{as}, %{am}) m. n. heat, warmth, the hot season (June, July) Mn. xi, 113 S3ak. Das3. &c.

any hot object MBh.

N. of certain positions in the retrograde motion of the planet Mars VarBr2S.

N. of a Varsha VP.

(%{A}) f. heat

consumption

bile

N. of a plant Nigh.

(%{am}) ind. hotly, ardently R.

(%{uSNaM@kRtvA} or %{uSNaM-kRtya} ind. p. having made hot or heated Pa1n2. 1-4, 74.)
उष्णक (uṣṇaka) (uṣṇaka)
mfn. hot, warm

sick of fever, feverish

sharp, smart, active

warming, heating

m. heat, hot season (June and July)

fever

blight, blast

the betel-nut Nigh.
उष्णग (uṣṇaga) (uṣṇaga)
m. (with and without %{kAla}) the hot season R.
उष्णिह् (uṣṇih) (uṣṇih)
%{k} f. (fr. %{snih} with %{ud} Ka1s3. on Pa1n2. 3-2, 59)N. of a Vedic metre (consisting of twenty-eight syllabic instants, viz. two Pa1das with eight instants, and one with twelve

the varieties depend on the place of the twelve-syllabled Pa1da) RPra1t. 888 ff. AV. xix, 21, 1 VS.

a brick sacred to the above metre Ka1tyS3r.

N. of one of the Sun's horses VP.
उष्णीष (uṣṇīṣa) (uṣṇīṣa)
%{as}, %{am} m. n. (%{uSNam@ISate@hinasti}, %{zakandhv-Adi} [Va1rtt. on Pa1n2. 6-1, 94] %{para-rUpam} T.) anything wound round the head, turban, fillet AV. xv, 2, 1-4 S3Br. A1s3vS3r. Ka1tyS3r. MBh. &c.

a diadem, crown

a kind of excrescence on the head of Buddha.
उष्मन् (uṣman) (uṣman)
%{A} m. heat, ardour, steam Mn. MBh. Sus3r. &c. (in many cases, where the initial %{u} is combined with a preceding %{a}, not to be distinguished from %{USma4n} q.v.)

the hot season

anger, wrath
ऊकार (ūkāra) (ūkāra)
ऊढ (ūḍha) (ūḍha)
1 (for 2. and 3. see 1. and 2. %{uh}) mfn. p.p. of %{vah} q.v.

(%{A}) f. a married woman, wife (cf. %{an-UdhA}.) 2 mfn. (for 1. see s.v. and %{vah}) pushed, thrust, moved

changed, modified. 3 mfn. concluded, inferred (cf. %{abhyUDha}.)
ऊढ (ūḍha) (ūḍha)
1 (for 2. and 3. see 1. and 2. %{uh}) mfn. p.p. of %{vah} q.v.

(%{A}) f. a married woman, wife (cf. %{an-UdhA}.) 2 mfn. (for 1. see s.v. and %{vah}) pushed, thrust, moved

changed, modified. 3 mfn. concluded, inferred (cf. %{abhyUDha}.)
ऊत (ūta) (ūta)
1 mfn. (p.p. of %{av} q.v.) favoured

loved

promoted, helped

protected. 2 mfn. (p.p. of %{ve} q.v.) woven, sewed.
ऊधस् (ūdhas) (ūdhas)
(in Veda also) %{U4dhan}, %{U4dhar} (see Whitney's Gr. 430 b

in classical Sanskr2it the stem %{Udhan} appears only in the fem. of an adj. compound e.g. %{kuNDo7dhnI} &c.), %{as}, %{ar} n. (%{vah} Comm. on Un2. iv, 192

%{ud} T.) the udder of any female, breast, bosomS3Br. MBh. &c.

figuratively applied to the clouds RV.

the night Nir.

N. of a passage in the Maha1na1mni1 (q.v.) verses La1t2y.

[cf. Gk. $

Lat. {u1ber}

Angl. Sax. &69275[221,1] %{Uder}

Old High Germ. {u1tar}

Mod. Germ. {Euter}

Mod. Eng. {udder}

Gae0l. {uth}.]
ऊधस्य (ūdhasya) (ūdhasya)
mf(%{A})n. milking, giving milk Hcat.

coming from the udder

(%{am}) n. milk Ragh.
ऊन (ūna) (ūna)
mfn. (%{av} Un2. iii, 2

? cf. Zd. %{Una}), wanting, deficient, defective, short of the right quantity, less than the right number, not sufficient

less (in number, size, or degree), minus, fewer, smaller, inferior AV. x, 8, 15

44

xii, 1, 61 TS. S3Br. Mn. Ragh. &c.

less than (with abl. e.g. %{lakSAd@Una}, less than a Laksha Katha1s. liii, 10

or ifc. e.g. %{tad-Una}, inferior to that one Mn. ix, 123), less by (with instr. e.g. %{dvAbhyAm@Una}, less by two S3Br. xi

or ifc. e.g. %{alpo7na}, less by a little, a little less Mn.

%{paJco7na}, less by five &c.)

less by one (prefixed to decimals from twenty up to one hundred, e.g. %{Una-viMza} = %{eko7na-viMza}, the twentieth minus one, the nineteenth).
ऊरु (ūru) (ūru)
m. [the f. may be %{U} at the end of compounds in comparison Pa1n2. 4-1, 69], (fr. %{UrNu} Un2. i, 31) the thigh, shankVS. TS. S3Br. MBh. Mn. &c.

N. of an A1n3girasa and author of a Vedic hymn

N. of a son of Manu Ca1kshusha.
ऊर्ज (ūrja) (ūrja)
mfn. strong, powerful, eminent BhP. S3is3.

invigorating, strengthening

m. N. of a month (= %{kArttika}) TS. i VS. S3Br. Sus3r. i, 19, 9 BhP. &c.

power, strength, vigour, sap MBh. Mn. ii, 55 BhP. &c.

life, breath

effort, exertion

N. of several men

(%{A}) f. strength, vigour, sap RV. x, 76, 1 AV. SV. Sus3r. &c.

N. of a daughter of Daksha and wife of Vasisht2ha VP. BhP.

(%{am}) n. water L.
ऊर्जस् (ūrjas) (ūrjas)
%{as} n. vigour, strength, power Sa1h.
ऊर्जित (ūrjita) (ūrjita)
mfn. endowed with strength or power, strong, mighty, powerful, excellent, great, important, gallant, exceeding MBh. Bhag. Ragh. Hit. &c.

proud, bragging

(%{am}) n. strength, power, valour

(%{am}) ind. excellently.
ऊर्ण (ūrṇa) (ūrṇa)
n. (in some compounds = %{U4rNA} below) wool

m. N. of a Yaksha BhP.
ऊर्णनाभ (ūrṇanābha) (ūrṇanābha)
m. `" having wool on the navel "', a spider S3vetUp. &c.

a particular position of the hands

N. of a son of Dhr2ita-ra1sht2ra MBh.

of a Da1nava Hariv.

(%{As}) m. pl.N. of a people g. %{rAjaNyA7di} Pa1n2. 4-2, 53.
ऊर्ध्व (ūrdhva) (ūrdhva)
mf(%{A})n. (%{vRdh} BRD.

perhaps fr. %{R}), rising or tending upwards, raised, elevated, erected, erect, upright, high, aboveVS. S3Br. AitBr. &c. (in class. Sanskr2it occurring generally in compounds)

(%{am}) n. height, elevation

anything placed above or higher (with abl.)

(%{am}) ind. upwards, towards the upper part, aloft, above, in the upper regions, higher (with abl.) AV. xi, 1, 9 S3Br. xii Ka1tyS3r. MBh. Mn. &c.

(%{UrdhvaM-gam}, to go upwards or into heaven, die)

in the sequel, in the later part (e.g. of a book or MS.

because in Sanskr2it MSS. the later leaves stand above), subsequent, after (with abl.) S3Br. S3a1n3khS3r. Sus3r. Mn. &c.

(%{ata@Urdhvam}, or %{ita@Urdhvam}, hence forward, from that time forward, after that passage, hereafter S3Br. S3a1n3khS3r. Ya1jn5. &c.

%{UrdhvaM@saMvatsarAt}, after a year Mn. ix, 77

%{UrdhvaM@dehAt}, after life, after death MBh. i, 3606)

after, after the death of (with abl. e.g. %{UrdhvaM@pituH}, after the father's death Mn. ix, 104)

in a high tone, aloud BhP.

[cf. Gk. $

Lat. &69531[222,1] {arduus}

Gae0l. {ard}.]
ऊर्ध्वतिलक (ūrdhvatilaka) (ūrdhvatilaka)
n. an upright or perpendicular sectarian mark on the forehead.
ऊर्ध्वरेतस् (ūrdhvaretas) (ūrdhvaretas)
or (TA1r. x, 12) mfn. keeping the semen above, living in chastity Gaut. MBh. Hariv. Katha1s. &c.
ऊर्ध्वलिङ्ग (ūrdhvaliṅga) (ūrdhvaliṅga)
and mfn. having the membrum above (i.e. chaste)
ऊर्ध्वलिङ्गिन् (ūrdhvaliṅgin) (ūrdhvaliṅgin)
mfn. having the membrum above (i.e. chaste)

(%{I}) m. N. of S3iva MBh. Hcat.
ऊर्मि (ūrmi) (ūrmi)
%{is} mf. (%{R} Un2. iv, 44), a wave, billowVS. Ka1tyS3r. MBh. Ragh. &c.

(figuratively) wave of pain or passion or grief &c. R. Prab. &c.

`" the waves of existence "' (six are enumerated, viz. cold and heat [of the body], greediness and illusion [of the mind], and hunger and thirst [of life] Subh.

or according to others, hunger, thirst, decay, death, grief, illusion Comm. on VP. W.)

speed, velocity TBr. ii, 5, 7, r S3is3. v, 4

symbolical expression for the number six Ra1matUp.

a fold or plait in a garment

line, row

missing, regretting, desire

appearance, becoming manifest

[cf. Lith. {vil-ni-s}

Old High Germ. {wella}

Mod. Germ. {Welle}

Eng. {well}.]
ऊर्म्य (ūrmya) (ūrmya)
mfn. undulating, wavy VS. xvi, 31

(%{A}) f. night RV.
ऊष्मन् (ūṣman) (ūṣman)
%{A} m. (%{uS} cf. %{uSman}), heat, glow, ardour, hot vapour, steam, vapour AV. vi, 18, 3 VS. S3Br. Ka1tyS3r. BhP. (also figuratively said of passion or of money &c.)

the hot season

(in Gr.) N. applied to certain sounds (viz. the three sibilants, %{h}, Visarga, Jihva1mu1li1ya, Upadhma1ni1ya, and Anusva1ra) RPra1t. 11, &c. APra1t. VPra1t. Ka1s3. &c. (the TPra1t. omits Visarga and Anusva1ra).
ऊह (ūha) (ūha)
1 m. removing, derangement, transposition, change, modification La1t2y. S3a1n3khS3r. Pat. &c.

adding, addition Car.2 m. the act of comprehending, conceiving

consideration, deliberation, examination

supposition, conclusion, inference MBh. BhP. Mn. &c.

(%{A}) f. id.m. a purging clyster, an enema not of an oily kind Sus3r.

= %{ni-graha}

%{-vasti-vidhi} m. N. of ch. of S3a1rn3gS.

%{-hA7dhikAra} m. N. of ch. of a medic. wk. by Vr2inda. 1.
ऊहवत् (ūhavat) (ūhavat)
mfn. comprehending easily Gaut. MBh.
ऊहित (ūhita) (ūhita)
mfn. changed, modified. mfn. purged Sus3r.
ऊहितव्य (ūhitavya) (ūhitavya)
mfn. id. ib. Comm. on La1t2y.
ऊह्य (ūhya) (ūhya)
1 mfn. to be changed or modified Nya1yam.2 mfn. id. VarBr2S.
ऋच् (ṛc) (ṛc)
1 cl. 6. P. %{Rcati}, %{Anarca}, %{arcitA}, &c., = 1. %{arc}, p. 89, col. 3

to praise Dha1tup. xxviii, 19 (cf. %{arka4}.)
ऋकार (ṛkāra) (ṛkāra)
m. the letter or sound %{R} TPra1t. APra1t. &c.
ऋक्ष (ṛkṣa) (ṛkṣa)
1 mfn. (etym. doubtful) bald, bare TS. MaitrS.
ऋग्वेद (ṛgveda) (ṛgveda)
m. Hymn-Veda "' or `" Veda of praise "', the R2ig-veda, or most ancient sacred book of the Hindu1s (that is, the collective body of sacred verses called R2icas [see below], consisting of 1017 hymns [or with the Va1lakhilyas 1028] arranged in eight Asht2akas or in ten Man2d2alas

Man2d2alas 2-8 contain groups of hymns, each group ascribed to one author or to the members of one family

the ninth book contains the hymns sung at the Soma ceremonies

the first and tenth contain hymns of a different character, some comparatively modern, composed by a greater variety of individual authors

in its wider sense the term R2ig-veda comprehends the Bra1hman2as and the Su1tra works on the ritual connected with the hymns) AitBr. S3Br. Mn. &c.

%{-prAtizAkhya} n. the Pra1tis3a1khya of the R2ig-veda

%{-bhASya} n. N. of treatises and commentaries on the R2ig-veda

%{-vid} mfn. knowing the R2ig-veda

%{-saMhitA} f. the continuous text of the R2ig-veda arranged according to the Sam2hita1-pa1t2ha q.v.

%{-dA7nukramaNikA} f. the Anukraman2ika1 or index of the R2ig-veda.
ऋचीक (ṛcīka) (ṛcīka)
m. N. of Jamad-agni's father MBh.

of a country Das3.
ऋजु (ṛju) (ṛju)
mf(%{jvI4})n. (%{arj} Un2. i, 28

probably fr. 2. %{RJj}, col. 3 BRD.), tending in a straight direction, straight (lit. and fig.

opp. to %{vRjina4}), upright, honest, right, sincerexiv, 1, 34 TS. &c. Mn. MBh. &c.

(%{u4}) ind. in the right manner, correctly RV. ii, 3, 7

v, 46, 1

x, 67, 2 AitBr. iii, 3, 10

in a straight line, straight on Sus3r. &c.

compar. %{R4jIyas} RV. vii, 104, 12 AV. v, 14, 12

viii, 4, 12, and %{rajIyas} Pa1n2. 6-4, 162

superl. %{RjiSTha} Pa1n2., and %{ra4jiSTha} RV.

[observe that the metaphorical meaning of this word is more common in Vedic, and the literal meaning in classical literature]

(%{us}) m. N. of a son of Vasu-deva BhP.

(%{jvI}) f. (scil. %{gati}) the straight stage or duration in the course of a planet VarBr2S.

[cf. Zd. {e8re8zu}

Gk. $

Lat. {rectus}

Goth. &70552[225,2] {raihts}

Eng. {right}.]
ऋजीष (ṛjīṣa) (ṛjīṣa)
1 m. (%{Rj}), expeller (of enemies)N. of Indra [Sa1y.] RV. i, 32, 6.
ऋण (ṛṇa) (ṛṇa)
mfn. going, flying, fugitive (as a thief) RV. vi, 12, 5

having gone against or transgressed, guilty [cf. Lat. {reus}]

(%{am}) n. anything wanted or missed

anything due, obligation, duty, debt (a Bra1hman owes three debts or obligations, viz. 1 . Brahmacarya or `" study of the Vedas "', to the R2ishis

2. sacrifice and worship, to the gods

3. procreation of a son, to the Manes TS. vi, 3, 10, 5 Mn. vi, 35, &c.

in later times also, 4. benevolence to mankind and 5. hospitality to guests are added MBh. &c.) &c. Mn. MBh. &c.

a debt of money, money owed MBh. Mn. Ya1jn5.

(%{RNaM} %{kR}, to get into debt Ya1jn5. ii, 45

%{-m-prA7p}, to become indebted Mn. viii, 107

%{-M-dA} or %{nI} or %{pra-yam}, to pay a debt MBh. Mn. &c.

%{-M-yAc}, to ask for a loan Katha1s.

%{-m@parI7ps}, to call in a debt Mn. viii, 161)

guilt

a negative quantity, minus (in math.)

water

a fort, stronghold

[cf. Zd. {arena}.]
ऋत (ṛta) (ṛta)
mf(%{A})n. met with, afflicted by (with instr.) TS. v

proper, right, fit, apt, suitable, able, brave, honest RV. VS. xvii, 82

true MBh. BhP. Mn. viii, 82

87 Bhag. &c.

worshipped, respected

enlightened, luminous

m. N. of a Rudra MBh.

of a son of Manu Ca1kshusha BhP. iv, 13, 16

of a son of Vijaya VP.

(%{am}) n. fixed or settled order, law, rule (esp. in religion)

sacred or pious action or custom, divine law, faith, divine truth (these meanings are given by BRD. and are generally more to be accepted than those of native authorities and markedbelow)VS. S3Br. &c. [223,3]

truth in general, righteousness, rightMBh. Mn. viii, 61

104 Pan5cat. &c.

figuratively said of gleaning (as the right means of a Bra1hman's obtaining a livelihood as opposed to agriculture, which is %{anRta}) Mn. iv, 4 ff.

promise, oath, vow Ta1n2d2yaBr. La1t2y.

truth personified (as an object of worship, and hence enumerated among the sacred objects in the Nir.)

water

sacrifice

a particular sacrifice

the sun

wealth

(%{a4m}) ind. right, duly, properly, expressly, very RV. BhP.

(%{Rtam} %{i}, to go the right way, be pious or virtuous RV.)

(%{e4na}) ind. right, duly, properly, regularly, lawfully, according to usage or right

truly, sincerely, indeed RV. MBh. i.
ऋतु (ṛtu) (ṛtu)
m. (Un2. i, 72) any settled point of time, fixed time, time appointed for any action (esp. for sacrifices and other regular worship), right or fit timeVS.

an epoch, period (esp. a division or part of the year), season (the number of the divisions of the year is in ancient times, three, five, six, seven, twelve, thirteen, and twenty-four

in later time six seasons are enumerated, viz. Vasanta, `" spring "'

Gri1shma, `" the hot season "'

Varsha1s (f. nom. pl.), `" the rainy season "' S3arad, `" autumn "'

Hemanta, `" winter "'

and S3is3ira, `" the cool season "'

the seasons are not unfrequently personified, addressed in Mantras, and worshipped by libations)VS. &c. MBh. Mn. &c.

symbolical expression for the number six VarBr2S. Su1ryas. &c.

the menstrual discharge (in women), the time after the courses (favourable for procreation

according to Bhpr. sixteen days after their appearance) Sus3r. MBh. Mn. &c.

sexual union at the above time Mn. ix, 93 MBh.

fixed order, order, rule [BRD.] RV. i, 162, 19

light, splendour

a particular mineral

N. of a R2ishi

of the twelfth Manu.
ऋत्विज् (ṛtvij) (ṛtvij)
mfn. (fr. %{yaj}), sacrificing at the proper time, sacrificing regularly

(%{k}) m. a priest (usually four are enumerated, viz. Hotr2i, Adhvaryu, Brahman, and Udga1tr2i

each of them has three companions or helpers, so that the total number is sixteen, viz. %{hotR}, Maitra1varun2a, Accha1va1ka, Gra1va-stut

%{adhvaryu}, Prati-prastha1tr2i, Nesht2r2i, Un-netr2i

%{brahman}, Bra1hman2a1cchan6sin, Agni1dhra, Potr2i

%{udgAtR}, Prastotr2i, Pratihartr2i, Subrahman2ya A1s3vS3r. iv, 1, 4-6)TS. S3Br. Ka1tyS3r. &c.
ऋद्ध (ṛddha) (ṛddha)
mfn. increased, thriving, prosperous, abundant, wealthy Kum. Ragh. Katha1s. &c.

filled with (voices), made to resound

(%{am}) n. stored grain

a demonstrated conclusion, distinct result[226,2]
ऋद्धि (ṛddhi) (ṛddhi)
f. increase, growth, prosperity, success, good fortune, wealth, abundance VS. TS. S3Br. A1s3vGr2. &c. (personified as Kuvera's wife MBh. Hariv.)

accomplishment, perfection, supernatural power BhP. Lalit. &c.

magic

a kind of medicinal plant Bhpr. Car.

N. of Pa1rvati1

of Lakshmi1 L.
ऋभु (ṛbhu) (ṛbhu)
mfn. (%{rabh}), clever, skilful, inventive, prudent (said of Indra, Agni, and the A1dityas RV.

also of property or wealth RV. iv, 37, 5

viii, 93, 34

of an arrow AV. i, 2, 3)

(%{us}) m. an artist, one who works in iron, a smith, builder (of carriages &c.)N. of three semi-divine beings (R2ibhu, Va1ja, and Vibhvan, the name of the first being applied to all of them

thought by some to represent the three seasons of the year [Ludwig RV. vol. iii, p. 187], and celebrated for their skill as artists

they are supposed to dwell in the solar sphere, and are the artists who formed the horses of Indra, the carriage of the As3vins, and the miraculous cow of Br2ihaspati

they made their parents young, and performed other wonderful works [Sv-apas]

they are supposed to take their ease and remain idle for twelve days [the twelve intercalary days of the winter solstice] every year in the house of the Sun [Agohya]

after which they recommence working

when the gods heard of their skill, they sent Agni to them with the one cup of their rival Tvasht2r2i, the artificer of the gods, bidding the R2ibhus construct four cups from it

when they had successfully executed this task, the gods received the R2ibhus amongst themselves and allowed them to partake of their sacrifices &c.

cf. Kaegi RV. p. 53 f.)&c.

they appear generally as accompanying Indra, especially at the evening sacrifice

in later mythology R2ibhu is a son of Brahman VP.

a deity

(%{avas}) m. a class of deities

[cf. Gk. $

Lat. {labor}

Goth. &70848[226,2] {arb-aiths}

Angl. Sax. $

Slav. {rab-u8}.]
ऋश्य (ṛśya) (ṛśya)
or (in later texts)
ऋश्यशृङ्ग (ṛśyaśṛṅga) (ṛśyaśṛṅga)
m. N. of several men.
ऋषभ (ṛṣabha) (ṛṣabha)
m. (fr. 2. %{RS} Un2. ii, 123), a bull (as impregnating the flock

cf. %{vRSabha} and %{ukSan})VS. ChUp. BhP. &c.

any male animal in general S3Br.

the best or most excellent of any kind or race (cf. %{puruSarSabha}, &c.) MBh. R. &c.

the second of the seven notes of the Hindu1 gamut (abbreviated into R2i)

a kind of medicinal plant Sus3r. Bhpr.

a particular antidote Sus3r. ii, 276, 7

a particular Eka7ha (q.v.) Ka1tyS3r.

the fifteenth Kalpa

N. of several men

of an ape

of a Na1ga

of a mountain

of a Ti1rtha

(%{As}) m. pl. the inhabitants of Kraun5ca-dvi1pa BhP. v, 20, 22

N. of a people VarBr2S.

(%{I}) f. a woman with masculine peculiarities (as with a beard &c.)

a widow

Carpopogon Pruriens Car.

another plant

[cf. Zd. {arSan}

Gk. $.]
ऋषि (ṛṣi) (ṛṣi)
m. (2. %{RS} Comm. on Un2. iv, 119

%{RSati@jJAnena@saMsAra-pAram} T.

perhaps fr. an obsolete %{RS} for %{dRz}, `" to see ? "' cf. %{RSi-kRt}), a singer of sacred hymns, an inspired poet or sage, any person who alone or with others invokes the deities in rhythmical speech or song of a sacred character (e.g. the ancient hymn-singers Kutsa, Atri, Rebha, Agastya, Kus3ika, Vasisht2ha, Vy-as3va)VS. &c.

the R2ishis were regarded by later generations as patriarchal sages or saints, occupying the same position in India history as the heroes and patriarchs of other countries, and constitute a peculiar class of beings in the early mythical system, as distinct from gods, men, Asuras, &c. AV. x, 10, 26 S3Br. AitBr. Ka1tySr. Mn. &c.

they are the authors or rather seers of the Vedic hymns i.e. according to orthodox Hindu1 ideas they are the inspired personages to whom these hymns were revealed, and such an expression as `" the R2ishi says "' is equivalent to `" so it stands in the sacred text "' [227,1]

seven R2ishis, %{sapta@RSayaH}, or %{saptaRSayaH} or %{saptarSayaH}, are often mentioned in the Bra1hman2as and later works as typical representatives of the character and spirit of the pre-historic or mythical period

in S3Br. xiv, 5, 2, 6 their names are given as follows, Gotama, Bharadva1ja, Vis3va1-mitra, Jamadagni, Vasisht2ha, Kas3yapa, and Atri

in MBh. xii, Mari1ci, Atri, An3giras, Pulaha, Kratu, Pulastya, Vasisht2ha are given as the names of the R2ishis of the first Manvantara, and they are also called Praja1patis or patriarchs

the names of the R2ishis of the subsequent Manv-antaras are enumerated in Hariv. 417 ff.

afterwards three other names are added, viz. Pracetas or Daksha, Bhr2igu, and Na1rada, these ten being created by Manu Sva1yambhuva for the production of all other beings including gods and men A1s3vS3r. MBh. VP. &c.

in astron. the seven R2ishis form the constellation of `" the Great Bear RV. x, 82, 2 AV. vi, 40, 1 S3Br. A1s3vGr2. MBh. &c.

(metaphorically the seven R2ishis may stand for the seven senses or the seven vital airs of the body VS. xxxiv S3Br. xiv Ka1tyS3r.)

a saint or sanctified sage in general, an ascetic, anchorite (this is a later sense

sometimes three orders of these are enumerated, viz. Devarshis, Brahmarshis, and Ra1jarshis

sometimes seven, four others being added, viz. Maharshis, Paramarshis, S3rutarshis, and Ka1n2darshis) Mn. iv, 94

xi, 236 S3ak. Ragh. &c.

the seventh of the eight degrees of Bra1hmans Hcat.

a hymn or Mantra composed by a R2ishi

the Veda Comm. on MBh. and Pat.

a symbolical expression for the number seven

the moon

an imaginary circle

a ray of light

the fish Cyprinus Rishi

[cf. Hib. {arsan}, `" a sage, a man old in wisdom "'

%{arrach}, `" old, ancient, aged. "'],
ऋष्ट (ṛṣṭa) (ṛṣṭa)
mfn. pushed, thrust.
ऋष्टि (ṛṣṭi) (ṛṣṭi)
f. a spear, lance, swordiv, 37, 8

9

viii, 3, 7

[cf. O. Pers. {arstis}

Zd. {arsti}.] see under 2. %{RS}, p. 226.
ऋष्य (ṛṣya) (ṛṣya)
m. the male of a species of antelope, the painted or white-footed antelope RV. viii, 4, 10 AV. v, 14, 3 VS. AitBr. Sus3r. &c.

N. of a R2ishi A1rshBr.

of a son of Deva7tithi BhP.

(%{am}) n. hurt, violation T. (for the explanation of %{Rzya-da}): [cf. %{rizya}.] &c. vv.ll. for %{Rzya}, &c., qq. v.
ॠकार (ṝkāra) (ṝkāra)
m. the letter or sound %{RR} TPra1t.
ऌकार (ḷkāra) (ḷkāra)
एकक (ekaka) (ekaka)
mf(%{A}, %{ikA})n. single, alone, solitary RV. x, 59, 9 AV. xx, 132, 1.
एकचित्त (ekacitta) (ekacitta)
n. fixedness of thought on one single object Prab.

one and the same thought, unanimity R. Katha1s.

(mfn.) thinking of one thing only, intent upon, absorbed in, Kap. Hit. Pan5cat.

having the same mind, agreeing, concurring [228,1]

%{-tA} f. unanimity, agreement Bhartr2.
एकत (ekata) (ekata)
m. N. of one of the three A1ptyas VS. i, 23 S3Br. i Ka1t2h. &c.

of a Bra1hman MBh.
एकतम (ekatama) (ekatama)
mfn. (n. %{-at}) one of many, one (used sometimes as indef. article) Pa1n2. 5-3, 94 S3Br. MBh. &c.
एकतर (ekatara) (ekatara)
mfn. (n. %{am}, not %{at} by Va1rtt. on Pa1n2. 7-1, 26) one of two, either, other MBh. Pan5cat. &c.

(rarely) one of many, Da1y. Ka1d.
एकत्व (ekatva) (ekatva)
n. oneness, unity, union, coincidence, identity Ka1tyS3r. MBh. Sus3r. &c.

(in Gr.) the singular number Ka1s3.

singleness, soleness HYog.
एकपद् (ekapad) (ekapad)
(%{pAt}, %{padI}, %{pat} and %{pAt}) mfn. having only one foot, limping, lameVS. AitBr. &c.

incomplete S3Br. xiv

(with 1. %{aja}N. of one of the Maruts RV.)

(%{pAt}) m. N. of Vishn2u MBh. iii

of S3iva

of a Da1nava MBh. i

(%{padI}) f. a foot-path MBh. Das3. &c.
एक (eka) (eka)
mfn. (%{i} Un2. iii, 43, probably fr. a base %{e}

cf. Zd. {ae-va}

Gk. $, $

Goth. {ai-n-s}

&71169[227,3] also Lat. {aequu-s}

g. %{sarvA7di} Pa1n2. 1-1, 27

see Gr. 200), one (%{eko'pi}, or %{ekaz-cana}, with %{na} preceding or following, no one, nobody

the words %{ekayA@na} or %{ekAn@na} are used before decade numerals to lessen them by one e.g. %{ekAn@na@tRMzat}, twentynine) RV. &c.

(with and without %{eva}) alone, solitary, single, happening only once, that one only (frequently ifc.

cf. %{dharmai9ka-rakSa}, &c.) RV. &c.

the same, one and the same, identical S3Br. v Ka1tyS3r. Mn. &c.

one of two or many (%{eka} - %{eka}, %{eka} - %{dvitIya}, the one - the other

esp. pl. %{eke}, some, %{eke} - %{apare} some - others, &c.) S3Br. Ka1tyS3r. MBh. Hit. &c.

(%{eka} repeated twice, either as a compound [cf. %{ekai9ka}] or uncompounded, may have the sense `" one and one "', `" one by one "' RV. i, 20, 7

123, 8

v, 52, 17 R. BhP. &c.)

single of its kind, unique, singular, chief, pre-eminent, excellent Ragh. Katha1s. Kum. &c.

sincere, truthful MW.

little, small

(sometimes used as an indefinite article), a, an R. S3ak. Vet. &c. (the fem. of %{eka} before a Taddhita suffix and as first member of a compound is %{eka} not %{ekA} Pa1n2. 6-3, 62)

m. N. of a teacher A1p.

of a son of Raya BhP.

(%{A}) f. N. of Durga1

(%{am}) n. unity, a unit (ifc.) Hcat.
एकरूप (ekarūpa) (ekarūpa)
n. one form, one kind Sa1m2khyak.

(mfn.) having the same colour or form, one-coloured, of one kind, uniform RV. x, 169, 2 AV. S3Br. &c.

(%{am}) n. N. of a metre

%{-tas} ind. in one form, unalterably

%{-tA} f. uniformity, invariableness Pan5cat.
एकलव्य (ekalavya) (ekalavya)
m. N. of a son of Hiran2ya-dhanus and king of the Nisha1das MBh.

(%{A}) f. N. of a town.
एकाकिन् (ekākin) (ekākin)
mfn. (Pa1n2. 5-3, 52) alone, solitary AV. xix, 56, 1 S3Br. MBh. &c.
एकाग्र (ekāgra) (ekāgra)
mfn. one-pointed, having one point, fixing one's attention upon one point or object, closely attentive, intent, absorbed in MBh. Mn. i, 1 BhP. Bhag. &c.

undisturbed, unperplexed

known, celebrated

(%{am}) n. (in math.) the whole of the long side of a figure which is subdivided

(%{am}) ind. with undivided attention MBh.

%{-citta} mfn. having the mind intent on one object

%{-tas} ind. with undivided attention Vet.

%{-tA} f. %{-tva} n. intentness in the pursuit of one object, close and undisturbed attention

%{-dRSTi} mfn. fixing one's eyes on one spot Sus3r.

%{-dhI} mfn. fixing one's mind on one object, closely attentive BhP.

%{-mati} mfn. id.

(%{is}) m. N. of a man Lalit.

%{-manas} mfn. fixing one's mind on one object, closely attentive MBh. Pan5cat.
एकादशन् (ekādaśan) (ekādaśan)
mfn. eleven.
एकान्त (ekānta) (ekānta)
m. a lonely or retired or secret place, (%{e} ind. in a lonely or solitary place, alone, apart, privately) MBh. Mn. S3ak. &c.

a single part, part, portion Pat.

the only end or aim, exclusiveness, absoluteness, necessity R. Sus3r. &c.

devotion to one object, worship of one Being, monotheistic doctrine MBh. BhP.

(%{am}, %{ena}, %{At}) ind. solely, only, exclusively, absolutely, necessarily, by all means, in every respect, invariably MBh. Megh. Bhartr2. Kap. &c.

(mfn.) directed towards or devoted to only one object or person BhP. R. &c.

%{-karuNa} mfn. wholly and solely compassionate, wholly charitable Hit.

%{-grahaNa} n. partial comprehension Car.

%{-grAhin} mfn. comprehending partially ib.

%{-tas} ind. lonely, alone

solely, exclusively, invariably, &c.

%{-tA} f. %{-tva} n. exclusive worship BhP.

the state of being a part or portion Pat.

%{-duHSamA} f. `" containing only bad years "', (with Jainas) N. of two spokes in the wheel of time (the sixth of the Avasarpin2i1 and the first of the Utsarpin2i1, qq.v.)

%{-bhAva} m. devotedness to only one object MBh.

%{-bhUta} mfn. one who is alone or solitary BhP.

%{-mati} mfn. having the mind fixed on one object

%{-rahasya} n. N. of wk.

%{-rAj} m. N. of a Bodhi-sattva

%{-vihArin} mfn. wandering alone

%{-zIla} mfn. fond of loneliness MBh.

%{-suSamA} f. `" containing only good years "', (with Jainas) N. of two spokes in the wheel of time (the first of Avasarpin2i1 and the sixth of Utsarpin2i1, qq. v.)

%{-sthita} mfn. staying or remaining alone or apart.
एकार (ekāra) (ekāra)
m. the letter or sound %{e} TPra1t. &c.
एकार्थ (ekārtha) (ekārtha)
m. one and the same object MBh. Ra1jat.

one and the same purpose

one and the same meaning

(mfn.) having the same purpose or aim Ka1tyS3r. MBh. i, iii R. &c.

having the same meaning, denoting the same thing, synonymous Nir.

(in rhet.) tautological (as a sentence) Va1m. ii, 2, 11 Ka1vya7d.

expressing one thing, forming only one notion (as a compound)

m. N. of a glossary of synonymous words [230,3]

%{-tA} f. %{-tva} n. the state of having the same object or purpose Ka1tyS3r. Mit.

the act of expressing only one thing or notion Pat.

%{-nAma-mAlA} f. N. of a glossary of synonymous words

%{-samupeta} mfn. arrived at one object.
एकार्थीभाव (ekārthībhāva) (ekārthībhāva)
m. the act of conveying only one idea Comm. on Pa1n2.
एकाह (ekāha) (ekāha)
m. the period or duration of one day Pa1n2. 5-4, 90 Mn.

a ceremony or religious festival lasting one day

a Soma sacrifice in which Soma is prepared during one day only (as the Agnisht2oma &c.) S3Br. iv, vi, xii, xiii AitBr. vi A1s3vS3r. ii, 3 Ka1tyS3r. &c.

(%{am} and %{-hnA}) ind. during one day

%{-gama} m. a day's journey Pa1n2. 5-2, 19.
एजय (ejaya) (ejaya)
mfn. causing to shake or tremble (forming irr. compounds with preceding acc. Pa1n2. 3-2, 28

cf. %{janam-ejaya}).
एड (eḍa) (eḍa)
m. a kind of sheep Ka1tyS3r.

(%{I}) f. a female sheep, ewe MW.

N. of a woman in the retinue of Skanda MBh.

(mfn.) deaf L.
एण (eṇa) (eṇa)
%{as}, %{I4} mf. a species of deer or antelope (described as being of a black colour with beautiful eyes and short legs) AV. v, 14, 11 VS. xxiv, 36 Mn. iii, 269 MBh. &c.

m. (in astron.) Capricorn.
एष (eṣa) (eṣa)
1 mfn. gliding, running, hastening RV. 2 (nom. m. of %{eta4d} q.v.)
एतावत् (etāvat) (etāvat)
mfn. so great, so much, so many, of such a measure or compass, of such extent, so far, of such quality or kindS3Br. MBh. &c.

(often in connection with a relative clause, the latter generally following

%{etAvAn@eva@puruSo@yaj@jAyA7tmA@prajA}, a man is of such measure as [i.e. made complete by] his wife, himself, and his progeny Mn. ix, 45) R. BhP. Hit. &c.

(%{at}) ind. so far, thus far, so much, in such a degree, thus RV. vii, 57, 3 S3Br. Hit. &c.
एध (edha) (edha)
m. (%{indh}), fuel RV. i, 158, 4

x, 86, 18 VS. S3Br. Ragh. &c. [232,1]

(mfn.) ifc. kindling see %{agny-edha}

[cf. Gk. $, $

Hib. &72394[232,1] {aodh}

O. H. G. {eit}

Angl. Sax. {a7d}.]
एधित (edhita) (edhita)
mfn. grown, increased, enlarged, made big, made to spread, filled up MBh. S3ak. &c.
एन (ena) (ena)
1 a pronom. base (used for certain cases of the 3rd personal pronoun, thus in the acc. sing. du. pl. [%{enam}, %{enAm}, %{enad}, &c.], inst. sing. [%{enena}, %{enayA}] gen. loc. du. [%{enayos}, Ved. %{enos}]

the other cases are formed fr. the pronom. base %{a} see under %{idam}), he, she, it

this, that, (this pronoun is enclitic and cannot begin a sentence

it is generally used alone, so that %{enam@puruSam}, `" that man "', would be very unusual if not incorrect. Grammarians assert that the substitution of %{enam} &c. for %{imam} or %{etam} &c. takes place when something is referred to which has already been mentioned in a previous part of the sentence

see Gr. 223 and 836)

[cf. Gk. $, $

Goth. {ains}

Old Pruss. {ains}

Lat. &72418[232,1] {oinos}, {unus}.] 2 and %{enA}, Ved. instr. of %{idam} q.v. 3 (cf. %{eNa}), a stag. see %{an-ena}.
एनस् (enas) (enas)
%{as} n. ( %{i} Un2. iv, 197

%{in} BRD.), mischief, crime, sin, offence, faultS3Br. Mn. &c.

evil, unhappiness, misfortune, calamity

censure, blame

[cf. Zd. {aenaGh}

Gk. $.]
एषण (eṣaṇa) (eṣaṇa)
1 %{am}, %{A} n. f. impulse, ardent desire BhP.
एषिन् (eṣin) (eṣin)
mfn. (generally ifc.) going after, seeking, striving for, desiring AitBr. MBh. Ragh. &c.
एष्टव्य (eṣṭavya) (eṣṭavya)
mfn. (see above) to be striven after, desirable, wished for S3Br. MBh. &c.

to be approved Sarvad.
एष्यत् (eṣyat) (eṣyat)
mfn. (fut. p. of %{i}) id.
एह (eha) (eha)
mf(%{A})n. desirous, wishing AV. xiii, 3, 33.
ऐकान्तिक (aikāntika) (aikāntika)
mf(%{I})n. (fr. %{ekA7nta}), absolute, necessary, complete, exclusive BhP. Sus3r. Sa1m2khyak. &c.
ऐकार (aikāra) (aikāra)
m. the letter or sound %{ai}.
ऐण (aiṇa) (aiṇa)
mf(%{I})n. (fr. %{eNa}), produced from or belonging to the male black antelope Ya1jn5. i, 258 Ka1s3. on Pa1n2. 4-3, 159.
ऐतरेय (aitareya) (aitareya)
m. a descendant of Itara or Itara1N. of Mahida1sa (author of a Brahman2a and A1ran2yaka called after him)

(mfn.) composed by Aitareya.
ऐतिह्य (aitihya) (aitihya)
n. (fr. %{iti-ha}), traditional instruction, tradition TA1r. i, 2, 1 MBh. R.
ऐन्द्र (aindra) (aindra)
mf(%{I})n. (fr. %{indra}), belonging to or sacred to Indra, coming or proceeding from Indra, similar to Indra AV. TS. VS. S3Br. Mn. &c.

m. (scil. %{bhAga}) that part of a sacrifice which is offered to Indra R.

(%{I}) f. (scil. %{Rc}) a verse addressed to Indra S3Br. iv A1s3vS3r. vi Nir. &c.

(scil. %{diz}) Indra's quarter, the east VarBr2S.

(scil. %{tithi}) the eighth day in the second half of the month Ma1rgas3i1rsha

(scil. %{zakti}) Indra's energy (personified as his wife and sometimes identified with Durga1) Ma1rkP. Devi1bhP. &c.

N. of the lunar mansion Jyesht2ha1

a species of cucumber Bhpr. Car.

Cardamom

misfortune

(%{am}) n. the lunar mansion Jyesht2ha1 VarBr2S.

N. of several Sa1mans

of a country in Bha1ratavarsha VP.

wild ginger L.
ऐन्द्रजाल (aindrajāla) (aindrajāla)
n. (fr. %{indra-jAla}), magic, sorcery Va1tsya1y.
ऐन्द्रि (aindri) (aindri)
m. a descendant of Indra

N. of Jayanta Hariv.

of Arjuna MBh.

of the monkey-king Va1lin

a crow Ragh. xii, 22.
ऐरावत (airāvata) (airāvata)
m. (fr. %{irA-vat}), a descendant of Ira1-vat

N. of a Na1ga or mythical serpent AV. viii, 10, 29 Ta1n2dyaBr. MBh. Hariv. &c.

`" produced from the ocean "'N. of Indra's elephant (considered as the prototype of the elephant race and the supporter of the east quarter

cf. %{nAga}, which means also elephant and serpent) MBh. Ragh. Megh. &c. [234,3]

a species of elephant R. ii, 70, 23

the tree Artocarpus Lacucha

the orange tree

N. of a particular portion of the moon's path

of a form of the sun VP. MBh.

(%{as}, %{am}) m. n. a kind of rainbow MBh. Ragh. &c.

(%{I}) f. the female of Indra's elephant

N. of a river MBh.

lightning

a species of fern Sus3r.

(%{I}, %{A}) f. a particular portion of the moon's path (including the lunar mansions Punarvasu, Pushya, and A1s3lesha) VarBr2S.

(%{am}) n. the fruit of Artocarpus Lacucha Sus3r.

N. of a Varsha MBh.
ऐश्वर (aiśvara) (aiśvara)
mf(%{I})n. (fr. %{Izvara}), relating to or coming from a mighty lord or king, mighty powerful, majestic MBh. BhP. Katha1s. &c.

belonging to or coming from S3iva Ragh. xi, 76 Katha1s. cxvi, 10

(%{am}) n. supremacy, power, might BhP. x

(%{I}) f. N. of Durga1 T.
ऐश्वर्य (aiśvarya) (aiśvarya)
n. the state of being a mighty lord, sovereignty, supremacy, power, sway S3Br. xiii MBh. Mn. &c.

dominion Katha1s.

superhuman power (either perpetual or transient, consisting, according to some, of the following eight: %{aNiman}, %{laghiman}, %{mahiman}, %{prApti}, %{prAkAmya}, %{vazitva}, %{Izitva}, and %{kAmA7vasAyitva}, qq.v.

or, according to others, of such powers as vision, audition, cogitation, discrimination, and omniscience

and of active powers such as swiftness of thought, power of assuming forms at will, and faculty of expatiation Sarvad. &c.)
ओक (oka) (oka)
m. (%{uc} Comm. on Un2. iv, 215), a house, refuge, asylum (cf. %{an-oka-zAyin})

a bird

= %{vRSala} T.

conjunction of heavenly bodies L.
ओकार (okāra) (okāra)
m. the letter or sound %{o} La1t2y. APra1t.
ओघ (ogha) (ogha)
m. (ifc. f. %{A})

(%{vah}) flood, stream, rapid flow of water MBh. Megh. S3ak. &c.

heap or quantity, flock, multitude, abundance MBh. BhP. Katha1s. &c.

quick time (in music)

uninterrupted tradition

instruction(cf. %{augha}.)
ओजस् (ojas) (ojas)
%{as} n. (%{vaj}, or %{uj}

cf. %{ugra}), bodily strength, vigour, energy, ability, powerTS. AitBr. MBh. &c.

vitality (the principle of vital warmth and action throughout the body) Sus3r. &c.

(in rhet.) elaborate style (abounding with compounds)

vigorous or emphatic expression Sa1h. Va1m.

water

light, splendour, lustre

manifestation, appearance

support

(%{As}) m. N. of a Yaksha BhP.

[cf. Zd. {avjan3h}, `" power "'

Gk. $, $, $

Lat. {vige1re}, {augere}, {augur}, &73513[235,2] {augus-tus}, {auxilium}

Goth. {aukan}, Eng. {eke}.]
ओजस्विन् (ojasvin) (ojasvin)
mfn. id. TS. S3Br. MBh. &c.

(%{I}) m. N. of a son of Manu Bhautya VP. (%{ojasvi}) %{-tA} f. an energetic or emphatic manner of expression or style Sa1h.
ओजिष्ठ (ojiṣṭha) (ojiṣṭha)
mfn. superl. of %{ugra4} q.v.

m. N. of a Muni, BrahmP.

(%{As}) m. pl. the decendants of the same ib.

[cf. Zd. {aojista}.]
ओजीयस् (ojīyas) (ojīyas)
mfn. compar. of %{ugra4} q.v.
ओड्र (oḍra) (oḍra)
m. N. of a country (the modern Orissa

see Lassen, IA. i, 224, note 2)

(%{As}) m. pl. the inhabitants of that country Hariv. Mn. x, 44 R. &c.

the China rose L.
ओदन (odana) (odana)
%{as}, %{am} m. n. (%{ud} Un2. ii, 76), grain mashed and cooked with milk, porridge, boiled rice, any pap or pulpy substanceS3Br. MBh. &c.

m. cloud Nigh.

(%{I}) f. Sida Cordifolia L.
ओष (oṣa) (oṣa)
m. (%{uS}), burning, combustion Sus3r.

(%{oSa4}) mfn. burning, shining RV. x, 119, 10

(%{a4m}) ind. with ardour or vehemence, eagerly, quickly AV.
ओषधि (oṣadhi) (oṣadhi)
f. (etym. doubtful

probably fr. %{oSa} above, `" light-containing "' see S3Br. ii, 2, 4, 5 Nir. ix, 27) a herb, plant, simple, esp. any medicinal herbS3Br. MBh. &c.

an annual plant or herb (which dies after becoming ripe) Mn. i, 46, &c. Sus3r. i, 4, 16

18 Ya1jn5. &c.

a remedy in general Sus3r. i, 4, 15.
ओषधिपति (oṣadhipati) (oṣadhipati)
m. `" lord of herbs "', the moon S3is3. Ka1d. &c.

the Soma plant

camphor T.

`" master of plants "', a physician.
ओष्ठ (oṣṭha) (oṣṭha)
m. (etym. doubtful

%{uS} Un2. ii, 4) the lip (generally du.) RV. ii, 39, 6 AV. x, 9, 14

xx, 127, 4 VS. S3Br. Mn. &c.

the forepart of an Agnikun2d2a q.v. Hcat.

(%{I}) f. the plant Coccinia Grandis (to whose red fruits lips are commonly compared)

(in a compound the %{o} of %{oSTha} forms with a preceding %{a} either Vr2iddhi %{au}, or Gun2a %{o} Ka1ty. on Pa1n2. 6-1, 94) [236,2]

[cf. Zd. {aoshtra}

O. Pruss. {austa}, `" mouth "'

O. Slav. {usta}, `" mouth. "']
ओष्ठ्य (oṣṭhya) (oṣṭhya)
mfn. being at the lips, belonging to the lips Sus3r. &c.

esp. produced by the lips, labial (as certain sounds) RPra1t. APra1t. Comm. on Pa1n2. &c.

m. a labial sound Pa1rGr2. iii, 16.
ओष्ण (oṣṇa) (oṣṇa)
(fr. %{uSNa} with 4. %{A} in the sense of diminution), mfn. a little warm, tepid.
औकार (aukāra) (aukāra)
m. the letter or sound %{au} TPra1t. APra1t.
औघ (augha) (augha)
m. (fr. %{ogha-vah}), flood, stream S3Br. (cf. %{ogha}.)
औत्तमि (auttami) (auttami)
m. a descendant of UttamaN. of the third Manu Mn. i, 62 Hariv. VP.
औत्तर (auttara) (auttara)
mfn. (fr. 1. %{uttara}), living in the northern country MBh.
औत्पत्तिक (autpattika) (autpattika)
mf(%{I})n. (fr. %{ut-patti}), relating to origin, inborn, original, natural La1t2y. BhP. &c.

{a4@priori}

inherent, eternal Jaim. i, 1, 5.
औत्सुक्य (autsukya) (autsukya)
n. (fr. %{ut-suka}), anxiety, desire, longing for, regret MBh. R. Ragh. &c.

eagerness, zeal, fervour, officiousness Pan5cat. Katha1s.

impatience Sa1h. Prata1par.
औदरिक (audarika) (audarika)
mf(%{I})n. gluttonous, a belly-god, glutton Pa1n2. MBh. Sus3r. &c.

greedy

fit for or pleasant to the stomach (as food) Lalit.

dropsical Hcat.
औदुम्बर (audumbara) (audumbara)
(in class. Sanskr2it commonly written %{auDu-}) mf(%{I})n. (fr. %{ud[D]umba4ra}), coming from the tree Udumbara or Ficus Religiosa, made of its wood AV. S3Br. Mn. ii, 45 Ya1jn5. MBh. &c.

made of copper Sa1mavBr. ii, 5, 3

m. a region abounding in Udumbara trees Ka1s3. on Pa1n2. 4-2, 67

a kind of worm Car.

N. of Yama

(%{As}) m. pl.N. of a race MBh.

of a class of ascetics Hariv. 7988 BhP. iii, 12, 43

(%{I}) f. (with and without %{zAkhA}) a branch of the Udumbara tree S3Br.: La1t2y. Nya1yam. &c.

a kind of musical instrument

(%{am}) n. an Udumbara wood Ka1tyS3r.

a piece of Udumbara wood Pa1rGr2.

the fruit of the Udumbara tree AitBr.

a kind of leprosy Sus3r.

copper L.
औद्देशिक (auddeśika) (auddeśika)
mfn. (fr. %{ud-deza}), pointing out, indicative of, showing, enumerating Nir.

prepared for the sake of (mendicants

said of alms) Jain.
औपनिषद (aupaniṣada) (aupaniṣada)
mf(%{I})n. contained or taught in an Upanishad S3Br. xiv Mun2d2Up. S3a1n3khGr2. Mn. vi, 29, &c.

a follower of the Upanishads, a Veda1ntin Comm. on Ba1dar. ii, 2, 10.
औपम्य (aupamya) (aupamya)
n. (ifc. f. %{A}) the state or condition of resemblance or equality, similitude, comparison, analogy MBh. BhP. Bhag. &c. (cf. %{anaup-}, %{Atmau9p-}, &c.)
औपरिष्टक (aupariṣṭaka) (aupariṣṭaka)
n. (scil. %{rata}) a kind of coitus, Va1tsy.
और्व (aurva) (aurva)
1 m. a descendant of U1rvaN. of a R2ishi RV. viii, 102, 4 TS. vii AitBr. MBh. &c.

(in later mythology he is called Aurva Bha1rgava as son of Cyavana and grandson of Bhr2igu

he is the subject of a legend told in MBh. i, 6802

there it is said that the sons of Kr2itavi1rya, wishing to destroy the descendants of Bhr2igu in order to recover the wealth left them by their father, slew even the children in the womb

one of the women of the family of Bhr2igu, in order to preserve her embryo, secreted it in her thigh [%{Uru}], whence the child at its birth was named Aurva

on beholding whom, the sons of Kr2itavi1rya were struck with blindness, and from whose wrath proceeded a flame that threatened to destroy the world, had not Aurva at the persuasion of the Bha1rgavas cast it into the ocean, where it remained concealed, and having the face of a horse

Aurva was afterwards preceptor to Sagara and gave him the A1gneya7stram, with which he conquered the barbarians who invaded his possessions

cf. %{vaDavA-mukha}, %{vaDavA7gni})

N. of a son of Vasisht2ha Hariv.

(%{As}) m. pl.N. of a class of Pitr2is Ta1n2d2yaBr. La1t2y.

(%{I}) f. a female descendant of U1rva Ka1s3. on Pa1n2. 4-1, 73

(mfn.) produced by or relating to the R2ishi Aurva MBh. i, 387, &c.

m. the submarine fire (cast into the ocean by Aurva Bha1rgava cf. above).2 mf(%{I})n. (fr. %{urvI}), relating to the earth, of the earth VarBr2S.

(%{am}) n. fossil salt
औशीनर (auśīnara) (auśīnara)
mf(%{I})n. belonging to the Us3i1naras MBh. Hariv. &c.

(%{I}) f. N. of a wife of Puru1ravas Vikr.
औषध (auṣadha) (auṣadha)
mf(%{I})n. (fr. %{oSadhi}), consisting of herbs S3Br. vii

(%{I}) f. N. of Da1ksha1yan2i1 MatsyaP.

(%{am}) n. herbs collectively, a herb S3Br. AitBr. Ka1tyS3r. &c.

herbs used in medicine, simples, a medicament, drug, medicine in general Mn. MBh. Ragh. &c.

a mineral W.

a vessel for herbs.
औष्ट्रक (auṣṭraka) (auṣṭraka)
mfn. coming from a camel Pa1n2. 4-3, 157

(%{am}) n. a herd or multitude of camels Pa1n2. 4-2, 39.
क (ka) (ka)
1 the first consonant of the alphabet, and the first guttural letter (corresponding in sound to {k} in {keep} or {king}).4 a Taddhita affix (much used in forming adjectives

it may also be added to nouns to express diminution, deterioration, or similarity e.g. %{putraka}, a little son

%{azvaka}, a bad horse or like a horse).
कंस (kaṃsa) (kaṃsa)
%{as}, %{am} m. n. (%{kam} Un2. iii, 62), a vessel made of metal, drinking vessel, cup, goblet AV. x, 10, 5 AitBr. S3Br. &c.

(a noun ending in %{as} followed by %{kaMsa} in a compound does not change its final cf. %{ayas-kaMsa}, &c. Pa1n2. 8-, 3, 46)

a particular measure (= two A1d2hakas Car.

= one A1d2haka L.)

a metal, tutanag or white copper, brass, bell-metal

m. N. of a king of Mathura1 (son of Ugra-sena and cousin of the Devaki1 who was mother of Kr2ishn2a [Ugra-sena being brother of Devaka, who was father of Devaki1]

he is usually called the uncle, but was really a cousin of Kr2ishn2a, and became his implacable enemy because it had been prophesied to Kan6sa that he would be killed by a child of Devaki1

as the foe of the deity he is identified with the Asura Ka1lanemi

and, as he was ultimately slain by Kr2ishn2a, the latter receives epithets like %{kaMsa-jit}, conqueror of Kan6sa, &c.) MBh. VP. BhP. &c.

N. of a place g. %{takSazilA7di} Pa1n2. 4-3, 93

(%{A}) f. N. of a sister of Kan6sa Hariv. BhP. VP.
ककार (kakāra) (kakāra)
m. the letter or sound %{ka} TPra1t.
ककुद् (kakud) (kakud)
%{t} f. a peak or summit (Lat. {cacumen})

chief, head RV. viii, 44, 16 AV. vi, 86, 3 TS. S3Br.

any projecting corner or projection (as of a plough) BhP. v, 25, 7

the hump on the shoulders of the Indian bullock AV. TS. BhP. &c.

the hump (of a man) Katha1s.

N. of a metre (= %{kaku4bh}) TS.

an ensign or symbol of royalty (as the white parasol &c.)

N. of a daughter of Daksha and wife of Dharma

(cf. %{tri-kakud}, %{sthUla-kakud}, &c., where the form %{kakud} is said to be substituted for %{ka4kuda} below Pa1n2. 5-4, 146

147.)
ककुत्स्थ (kakutstha) (kakutstha)
see below. m. `" standing on a hump "'N. of a son of Sas3a1da and grandson of Ikshva1ku MBh. Hariv. BhP. &c. (so called because in a battle he stood on the hump of Indra who had been changed into a bull

according to the R. he is a son of Bhagi1ratha).
ककुभ् (kakubh) (kakubh)
%{p} f. (cf. %{kakud}) a peak, summit RV.

space, region or quarter of the heavens BhP. Mr2icch. Katha1s. &c.

N. of a metre of three Pa1das (consisting of eight, twelve, and eight syllables respectively

so called because the second Pa1da exceeds the others by four syllables) RPra1t. 889 AV. xiii, 1, 15 VS. S3Br. &c.

unornamented hair or the hair hanging down like a tail

a wreath of Campaka flowers

splendour, beauty

a S3a1stra or science

a Ra1gin2i1 or mode of music

N. of a daughter of Daksha and wife of Dharma (as a personified quarter of the sky) BhP.
कक्कोल (kakkola) (kakkola)
m. a species of plant (bearing a berry, the inner part of which is waxy and aromatic) Sus3r. R. &c.

(%{I}) f. id. Pan5cad.

(%{am}) n. a perfume prepared from the berries of this plant Sus3r.
कक्ष (kakṣa) (kakṣa)
m. (%{kaS} Un2. iii, 62

cf. %{kac}), lurking-place, hiding-place RV. x, 28, 4 VS. xi, 79

a wood, large wood (?) RV. vi, 45, 31

a forest of dead trees, a dry wood, underwood (often the lair of wild beasts) VS. TS. Ta1n2d2yaBr. Mn. &c.

an inner recess, the interior of a forest

grass, dry grass

a spreading creeper, climbing plant

side or flank

sin

a gate W.

a buffalo

Terminalia Bellerica W.

(%{as}, %{A}) mf. the armpit (as the most concealed part of the human body), region of the girth AV. vi, 127, 2 Sus3r. Mr2icch. &c.

[cf. Lat. {coxa}, `" hip "'

O. H. G. {hahsa}

Zd. {kasha}

cf. Sk. {kaccha}]

a girdle, zone, belt, girth MBh. BhP. &c.

the end of the lower garment (which, after the cloth is carried round the body, is brought up behind and tucked into the waistband)

hem, border, lace BhP. ix, 10, 37

the scale of a balance Ka1vya7d. Vcar.

(%{A}) f. painful boils in the armpit Sus3r.

a surrounding wall, a wall, any place surrounded by walls (as a court-yard, a secluded portion of a building, a private chamber or room in general) MBh. BhP. Mn. &c.

the orbit of a planet VarBr2S. Su1ryas. &c.

the periphery, circumference Su1ryas. xii, 65

balance, equality, similarity, resemblance MBh. xii, 7269 VarBr2S. 26, 6

emulation, rivalry, object of emulation Naish.

the jeweller's weight called Retti

objection or reply in argument

a particular part of a carriage

(%{As}) m. pl.N. of a people MBh. VP.
कक्षीवत् (kakṣīvat) (kakṣīvat)
%{An} m. (for %{kakSyA-vat} Ka1s3. on Pa1n2. 8-2, 12)N. of a renowned R2ishi (sometimes called Pajriya

he is the author of several hymns of the R2ig-veda, and is fabled as a son of Us3ij and Di1rgha-tamas)S3a1n3khS3r. &c.

(%{antas}) m. pl. the descendants of Kakshi1vat RV. i, 126, 4.
कक्ष्य (kakṣya) (kakṣya)
mfn. being or abiding in shrubs or dry grass VS. xvi, 34

(%{kakSya4}, fr. %{kakSyA4}), filling out the girth, well fed [Sa1y.] RV. v, 44, 11

(%{kakSyA4}) f. girth (of an animal), girdle, zoneviii, 4, 6

xviii, 1, 15 MBh. &c. (cf. %{baddha-kakSya})

the enclosure of an edifice (either the wall &c. so enclosing it, or the court or chamber constituting the enclosure, the inner apartment of a palace) MBh. R. &c.

the orbit of a planet A1ryabh.

the scale of a balance Pat.

an upper garment

similarity, equality

effort, exertion

a shrub yielding the black and red berry (that serves as a jeweller's weight), the Retti or Gun5ja, Abrus Precatorius

(%{As}) f. pl. the fingers Nigh.

(%{am}) n. the scale of a balance Comm. on Ya1jn5.

a part of a carriage R.

a girdle, girth.
कङ्क (kaṅka) (kaṅka)
m. (fr. the above according to T.), a heron (the first heron is supposed to be a son of Surasa1 MBh. i, 2633) VS. xxiv, 31 SV. MBh. Mr2icch. &c.

a kind of mango

N. of Yama

of several men MBh. Hariv. BhP. &c.

a N. assumed by Yudhisht2hira (before king Vira1t2a, when in the disguise of a Bra1hman) MBh. iv

a false or pretended Bra1hman

a man of the second or military tribe

one of the eighteen divisions of the continent W.

(%{As}) m. pl.N. of a people MBh. BhP. VarBr2S.

(%{A}) f. a kind of sandal

the scent of the lotus

(%{A} and %{I}) f. N. of a daughter of Ugrasena (and sister of Kan3ka) BhP. VP.
कङ्कण (kaṅkaṇa) (kaṅkaṇa)
n. (%{as} m. L.), (%{kai} Comm. on Un2. iv, 24), a bracelet, ornament for the wrist, ring MBh. Bhartr2. Hit. &c.

a band or ribbon (tied round the wrist of a bride or bridegroom before marriage) Mcar.

an annual weapon MBh.

an ornament round the feet of an elephant MBh. iii, 15757

any ornament or trinket

a crest

m. N. of a teacher

(%{A}) f. N. of one of the mothers in the retinue of Skanda MBh. ix, 2634

(%{I}) f. an ornament furnished with bells(cf. %{kakSA}

%{kiGkiNI}.)
कङ्काल (kaṅkāla) (kaṅkāla)
%{as}, %{am} m. n. a skeleton MBh. Katha1s. &c.

m. a particular mode in music.
कङ्कोल (kaṅkola) (kaṅkola)
m. a kind of plant Bhartr2. [242,3]

N. of a Na1ga Ra1matUp.

of an author

(%{am}) n. cubeb Bhpr.
कच (kaca) (kaca)
m. the hair (esp. of the head) Ragh. Bhartr2. &c.

a cicatrix, a dry sore, scar

a band, the hem of a garment

a cloud

N. of a son of Br2ihaspati MBh. BhP. Ra1jat.

N. of a place

(%{A}) f. a female elephant

beauty, brilliancy(cf. %{a-kaca}, %{ut-kaca}, &c.)
कच्छ (kaccha) (kaccha)
m. (%{A}, %{am} fn. L.) a bank or any ground bordering on water, shore

[cf. Zd. {kasha}, {voura-kaSa}, the `" wide-shored "', the Caspian Sea

cf. %{kakSa}]

a mound or causeway

watery soil, marshy ground, marsh, morass MBh. Megh. Pan5cat.

N. of several places e.g. Cutch Pa1n2. VarBr2S.

Cedrela Toona (the timber of which is used for making furniture &c.)

Hibiscus Populneoides

a particular part of a tortoise

a particular part of a boat

(%{As}) m. pl.N. of a people (v.l. for %{kakSa}) VP.

(%{as}, %{A}) mf. the hem or end of a lower garment (tucked into the girdle or waistband) L., (probably a Pra1kr2it form for %{kakSa})

(%{A}) f. a cricket

N. of a plant

girdle, girth (v.l. for %{kakSA}) Ni1lak. on MBh. (ed. Bomb.) iv, 13, 22.
कच्छप (kacchapa) (kacchapa)
m. `" keeping or inhabiting a marsh "', a turtle, tortoise MBh. Gaut. Mn. &c.

a tumour on the palate Sus3r. i, 306, 8 [243,1]

an apparatus used in the distillation of spirituous liquor, a flat kind of still

an attitude in wrestling

Cedrela Toona

one of the nine treasures of Kuvera

N. of a Na1ga MBh.

of a son of Vis3va1-mitra Hariv.

of a country Katha1s.

(%{I}) f. a female tortoise or a kind of small tortoise

a cutaneous disease, wart, blotch Sus3r.

a kind of lute (so named from being similar in shape to the tortoise

cf. %{testudo})

%{-deza} m. N. of a country.
कच्छू (kacchū) (kacchū)
f. ( %{kaS} Un2. i, 86), itch, scab, any cutaneous disease Sus3r.
कज्जल (kajjala) (kajjala)
m. a cloud (in this sense perhaps for %{kad-jala})

(%{A}, %{I}) f. a species of fish

(%{I}) f. AEthiops Mineralis

ink

(%{am}) n. lampblack (used as a collyrium and applied to the eyelashes or eyelids medicinally or as an ornament)

sulphuret of lead or antimony (similarly used) Sus3r. Katha1s. &c.

(fig.) dregs BhP. vi, 2, 27.
कञ्चुक (kañcuka) (kañcuka)
%{as}, %{I} (ifc. f. %{A}), %{am} mf. n. (fr. %{kaJc}?) a dress fitting close to the upper part of the body, armour, mail

a cuirass, corselet, bodice, jacket BhP. [243,2] Ratna1v. Katha1s. &c.

m. the skin of a snake Pan5cat.

husk, shell Bhpr.

cover, cloth, envelope Bhpr.

(fig.) a cover, disguise Hcat.

= %{karabha}

(%{I}) f. Lipeocercis Serrata L.
कञ्चुकिन् (kañcukin) (kañcukin)
mfn. furnished with armour or mail

(ifc.) covered with, wrapped up in Bhartr2.

(%{I}) m. an attendant or overseer of the women's apartments, a chamberlain S3ak. Vikr. Pan5cat. &c.

a libidinous man, a debauchee

a snake

N. of several plants (Agallochum, barley, Cicer Arietinum, Lipeocercis Serrata) L.
कट (kaṭa) (kaṭa)
m. (perhaps for %{karta} fr. 3. %{kRt}) a twist of straw of grass, straw mat, a screen of straw TS. S3Br. Ka1tyS3r. Mn. &c.

the hip MBh. (cf. %{kaTi})

the hollow above the hip or the loins, the hip and loins

the temples of an elephant Ragh.

a glance or side look BhP. x, 32, 6 (cf. %{kaTA7kSa})

a throw of the dice in hazard Mr2icch.

a corpse

a hearse or any vehicle for conveying a dead body

a burning-ground or place of sepulture

a time or season

excess, superabundance

(%{kaTa} ifc. is considered as a suffix cf. %{ut-kaTa}, %{pra-kaTa}, &c.)

an annual plant

grass

Saccharum Sara

a thin piece of wood, a plank

agreement

environs

N. of a Rakshas R.

(%{I}) f. long pepper

(%{am}) n. (ifc.) dust of flowers (considered as a suffix Ka1ty. on Pa1n2. 5-2, 29).
कटक (kaṭaka) (kaṭaka)
m. (Comm. on Un2. ii, 32 and v, 35) a twist of straw, a straw mat Comm. on Ka1tyS3r.

(%{as}, %{am}) m. n. a string Ka1d.

a bracelet of gold or shell &c. S3ak. Mr2icch. &c.

a zone

the link of a chain

a ring serving for a bridle-bit Sus3r.

a ring placed as ornament upon an elephant's tusk

the side or ridge of a hill or mountain

a valley, dale Ragh. Katha1s. Hit.

a royal camp Katha1s. Hit. &c.

an army

a circle, wheel W.

a multitude, troop, caravan Das3.

collection, compilation Ka1d. 40, 11

sea-salt

N. of the capital of the Orissa (Cuttack)

(%{ikA}) f. a straw mat Comm. on Ka1tyS3r.
कटु (kaṭu) (kaṭu)
mf(%{vI} and %{us})n. (Un2. i, 9

cf. 2. %{kRt}) pungent, acrid, sharp (one of the six kinds of flavour, %{rasa} q.v.) MBh. Sus3r. Bhag. &c.

pungent, stimulating (as smell), strong-scented, ill-smelling MBh. xiv Ragh. v, 48 R. &c.

bitter, caustic (as words) displeasing, disagreeable (as sounds)

fierce, impetuous, hot, envious Ragh. vi, 85 Pan5cat. &c.

(%{us}) m. pungency, acerbity (as of a flavour)

[cf. Lith. {kartus}, `" bitter "']

Trichosanthes Dioeca Sus3r.

Michelia Campaka

N. of several other plants

a kind of camphor

(%{us} and %{vI}) f. N. of several plants

(%{u}) n. an improper action, an act which ought not to have been done

blaming, reviling, scandal W.
कटुक (kaṭuka) (kaṭuka)
mf(%{A} and %{I})n. sharp, pungent, bitter

fierce, impetuous, hot, bad RV. x, 85, 34 MBh. Katha1s. &c.

m. N. of several plants

N. of a man

(%{A}, %{I}) f. N. of several plants

(%{am}) n. pungency, acerbity MBh. ii

(ifc. in a bad sense e.g. %{dadhi-kaTuka} m. bad coagulated milk Pa1n2. 6-2, 126)

N. of a plant

an aggregate of three pungent substances (see %{-traya}) L.
कठ (kaṭha) (kaṭha)
1 (for 2. see s.v.), %{am} n. distress (?).2 m. N. of a sage (a pupil of Vais3ampa1yana and founder of a branch of the Yajur-veda, called after him) MBh. &c.

m. a pupil or follower of Kat2ha (esp. pl.)

a Bra1hman

(%{I}) f. a female pupil or follower of Kat2ha Comm. on Pa1n2.

the wife of a Bra1hman L.
कठिन (kaṭhina) (kaṭhina)
mfn. (Comm. on Un2. ii, 49) hard, firm, stiff (opposed to %{mRdu})

difficult Megh. Sus3r. Pan5cat. &c.

harsh, inflexible, cruel Kum. Amar. &c.

violent (as pain) Vikr.

(%{A}) f. crystallized sugar, a sweetmeat made with refined sugar

a species of betel

(%{I}) f. chalk Pan5cat. Hit.

(%{am}) n. an earthen vessel for cooking MBh. R.

a strap or pole for carrying burdens Pa1n2. 4-4, 72 (cf. %{vaMza-kaThina})

a shovel, scoop L.
कडार (kaḍāra) (kaḍāra)
mfn. (fr. %{gad} Un2. iii, 135 ?), tawny S3is3. v, 3

m. tawny (the colour)

a servant, slave L.
कण (kaṇa) (kaṇa)
m. (Nir. vi, 30

related to %{kanA}, %{kaniSTha}, %{kanIyas}, %{kanyA}, in all of which smallness is implied BRD.), a grain, grain of corn, single seed AV. x, 9, 26

xi, 3, 5 Ka1tyS3r. Mn. &c.

a grain or particle (of dust) Ragh. i, 85 Vikr.

flake (of snow) Amar.

a drop (of water) S3ak. 60 a Megh. BhP. &c.

a spark (of fire) Pan5cat.

the spark or facet of a gem

any minute particle, atom Prab. S3a1ntis3.

(%{A}) f. a minute particle, atom, drop

long pepper Sus3r.

cummin seed

a kind of fly (= %{kumbhIra-makSikA})

(%{I}) f. = %{kaNikA} below

(%{am}) n. a grain, single seed Katha1s. (cf. %{kaniSTha}.)
कणाद (kaṇāda) (kaṇāda)
m. `" atom-eater "'N. given to the author of the Vais3eshika branch of the Nya1ya philosophy (as teaching that the world was formed by an aggregation of atoms

he is also called Ka1s3yapa, and considered as a Devarshi

see also %{ulUka}) Prab. Sarvad. &c.

a goldsmith (= %{kalAda})

%{-rahasya-saMgraha} m. N. of wk. see under %{ka4Na} [245,2]
कण्टक (kaṇṭaka) (kaṇṭaka)
m. (n. L.) a thorn S3Br. v MBh. Ya1jn5. &c.

anything pointed, the point of a pin or needle, a prickle, sting R.

a fish-bone R. iii, 76, 10 Mn. viii, 95

a finger-nail (cf. %{karaka-}) Naish. i, 94

the erection of the hair of the body in thrilling emotions (cf. %{kaNTakita})

unevenness or roughness (as on the surface of the tongue) Car.

any troublesome seditious person (who is, as it were, a thorn to the state and an enemy of order and good government), a paltry foe, enemy in general (cf. %{kSudra-zatru}) Mn. ix, 253, &c. BhP. R. &c

a sharp stinging pain, symptom of disease Sus3r.

a vexing or injurious speech MBh. i, 3559

any annoyance or source of vexation, obstacle, impediment R. Hit.

the first, fourth, seventh, and tenth lunar mansions VarBr2S. and VarBr2.

a term in the Nya1ya philosophy implying refutation of argument, detection of error &c.

a bamboo

workshop, manufactory

boundary of a village

fault, defect

N. of Makara (or the marine monster, the symbol of Ka1ma-deva)

of the horse of S3a1kya-muni Lalit. (wrong reading for %{kaNThaka} BRD.)

of an Agraha1ra Ra1jat.

of a barber Hariv. (v.l. %{kaNDuka})

(%{I}) f. a species of Solanum Sus3r.
कण्टकित (kaṇṭakita) (kaṇṭakita)
mfn. thorny MBh. Katha1s. &c.

covered with erect hairs, having the hair of the body erect S3ak. 68 b Kum. Ka1d. &c.
कण्ठ (kaṇṭha) (kaṇṭha)
m. (%{kaN} Un2. i, 105), the throat, the neck (cf. %{A-kaNTha-tRpta}

%{kaNThe} %{grah}, to embrace Katha1s.)

the voice (cf. %{sanna-kaNTha}) MBh. BhP. &c.

sound, especially guttural sound W.

the neck (of a pitcher or jar), the narrowest part (e.g. of the womb

of a hole in which sacrificial fire is deposited

of a stalk &c.) Sus3r. Hcat. Katha1s. &c.

immediate proximity Pan5cat.

Vanguiera Spinosa

N. of a Maharshi R.

(%{I}) f. neck, throat

a rope or leather round the neck of a horse

a necklace, collar, ornament for the neck L.
कण्ठस्थ (kaṇṭhastha) (kaṇṭhastha)
mfn. staying or sticking in the throat

being in or upon the throat

guttural

being in the mouth ready to be repeated by rote, learnt by heart and ready to be recited W.
कण्ठ्य (kaṇṭhya) (kaṇṭhya)
mfn. being at or in the throat VS. xxxix, 9 Sus3r. ii, 130, 13

suitable to the throat Sus3r.

belonging to the throat, pronounced from the throat, guttural (as sounds

they are, according to the Pra1tis3a1khyas, %{a}, %{A}, %{h}, and the Jihva1mu1li1ya [or Visarjani1ya]

according to the Comm. on Pa1n2. 1-1, 9, %{a}, %{A}, %{k}, %{kh}, %{g}, %{gh}, %{G} and %{h}

according to Vop. also %{e})

m. a guttural sound or letter Pa1rGr2.
कण्डन (kaṇḍana) (kaṇḍana)
n. the act of threshing, separating the chaff from the grain in a mortar Hcat.

that which is separated from the grain, chaff Sus3r.

(%{I}) f. a wooden bowl or mortar (in which the cleaning or threshing of grain is performed) Mn. iii, 68.
कण्डु (kaṇḍu) (kaṇḍu)
f. = %{kaNDU} below Sus3r.

(%{us}) m. N. of a R2ishi VP. BhP. &c.
कण्डूति (kaṇḍūti) (kaṇḍūti)
f. scratching

itching, the itch BhP. Sa1h. &c.

(fig.) sexual desire (of women) Ra1jat.

N. of one of the mothers in the retinue of Skanda MBh. ix.
कण्ड्वादि (kaṇḍvādi) (kaṇḍvādi)
m. N. of a gan2a Pa1n2. 3-1, 27.
कण्व (kaṇva) (kaṇva)
m. (%{kaN} Un2. i, 151)N. of a renowned R2ishi (author of several hymns of the R2ig-veda

he is called a son of Ghora and is said to belong to the family of An3giras)VS. Ka1tyS3r. &c.

(%{As}) m. pl. the family or descendants of Kan2va ib. (besides the celebrated R2ishi there occur a Ka4n2va Na1rshada4 AV. iv, 19, 2 Ka4n2vaS3ra1yasa TS. v, 4, 7, 5 Kan2vaKa1s3yapa MBh. S3ak. &c.

the founder of a Vedic school

several princes and founders of dynasties

several authors)

a peculiar class of evil spirits (against whom the hymn AV. ii, 25 is used as a charm) AV. ii, 25, 3

4

5

(mfn.) deaf Ka1tyS3r. x, 2, 35

praising, a praiser

one who is to be praised T.

(%{am}) n. sin, evil Comm. on Un2.
कतम (katama) (katama)
%{as}, %{A}, %{at} mfn. (superlative of 2. %{ka}

declined as a pronom., Gram. 236), who or which of many? (e.g. %{katamena@pathA@yAtAs@te}, by which road have they gone?)

it is often a mere strengthened substitute for %{ka}, the superlative affix imparting emphasis

hence it may occasionally be used for `" who or which of two? "' (e.g. %{tayoH@katamasmai}, to which of these two?)

it may optionally be compounded with the word to which it refers (e.g. %{katamaH@kaThaH}, or %{katama-kaThaH}, which Kat2ha out of many?)

when followed by %{ca} and preceded %{yatama} an indefinite expression is formed equivalent to `" any whosoever "', `" any whatsoever "', &c. (e.g. %{yatamad@eva@katamac@ca@vidyAt} he may know anything whatsoever). In negative sentences %{katama} with %{cana} or %{katama} with %{api} = not even one, none at all (e.g. %{na@katamaccanA7haH}, not even on a single day, on no day at all) [246,3]

in addition to the above uses %{katama} is said to mean `" best "', `" excessively good-looking "' (cf. 3. %{ka}) RV. &c.
कतर (katara) (katara)
%{as}, %{A}, %{at} mfn. (comparative of 2. %{ka}

declined as a pronom., Gram. 236), who or which of two? whether of two? Analogously to %{katama} above %{katara} may occasionally be used to express `" who or which of many? "' (e.g. %{katarasyAM@dizi}, in which quarter?), and may optionally be compounded with the word to which it refers (e.g. %{kataraH@kaThaH} or %{katara-kaThaH})

in negative sentences %{katara} with %{cana} = neither of the two (e.g. %{na@kataraz-cana@jigye}), neither of the two was conquered RV. &c.

[cf. Zd. {kata1ra}

Gk. $, $

Goth. {hvathar}

Eng. &76976[246,3] {whether}

Lat. {uter}

Old Germ. {huedar}

Slav. {kotoryi}.]
कति (kati) (kati)
1 (fr. 2. %{ka} declined in pl. only, Gram. 227 %{a}

all the cases except the nom. voc. and acc. taking terminations, whereas the correlative %{iti} has become fixed as an indeclinable adverb), how many? {quot}? several (e.g. %{kati@devAH}, how many gods? %{kati@vyApAdayati@kati@vA@tADayati}, some he kills and some he strikes). In the sense of `" several "', `" some "', %{kati} is generally followed by %{cid} or %{api} (e.g. %{katicid@ahAni}, for several or some days)

it may be used as an adverb with %{cid} in the sense of `" oftentimes "', `" much "', in many ways "' (e.g. %{katicit@stutaH}, much or often praised) RV. &c.

[cf. Zd. {caiti}

Gk. $

Lat. {quot}

cf. Sk. %{tati} and &76993[246,3] Lat. {tot}.]
कतिपय (katipaya) (katipaya)
mf(%{I}, %{A} [only BhP. ix, 18, 39])n. (m. pl. %{e} and %{As}) several, some

a certain number, so many (e.g. %{katipayenA7har-gaNena}, after some days

also %{katipayair@ahobhiH}, %{katipayA7hasya}, &c.) S3Br. &c.

(%{am}) n. a little, some (at the end of Tatpurusha compounds, e.g. %{udazvit-katipayam}, a little Udas3vit) Pa1n2. 2-1, 65

(%{ena} or %{At}) ind. with some exertion, with difficulty, narrowly Pa1n2. 2-3, 33.
कत्थित (katthita) (katthita)
n. boasting MBh. i, 5995.
कथन (kathana) (kathana)
mfn. telling, talkative W.

(%{am}) n. the act of telling, narration, relating, informing Sus3r. Bhartr2. Pan5cat. &c.
कथा (kathā) (kathā)
(for 2. see col. 3) f. conversation, speech, talking together A1s3vGr2. MBh. Mn. &c.

talk, mention

(%{kA@kathA} [with gen. or more commonly with loc. and sometimes with %{prati}), what should one say of? how should one speak of? e.g. %{eko@'pi@kRcchrAd@varteta@bhUyasAM@tu@kathai9va@kA}, even one person would live with difficulty, what should one say of many? i.e. how much more many? Katha1s. iv, 123

%{kA@kathA@bANa-saMdhAne}, what mention of fitting the arrow? i.e. what necessity for fitting the arrow? S3ak. 53 a)

story, tale, fable MBh. R. Hit. &c.

a feigned story, tale (as one, of the species of poetical composition) Sa1h. 567 Ka1vya7d.

Story (personified) Katha1s.

(in log.) discussion, disputation Sarvad.
कथासरित्सागर (kathāsaritsāgara) (kathāsaritsāgara)
m. `" the ocean of rivers of stories "'N. of wk. by Soma-deva.
कथित (kathita) (kathita)
mfn. told, related, reckoned Mn. vii, 157

(%{am}) n. conversation, discourse MBh. S3ak.

narration, tale Ragh. xi, 10.
कदम्ब (kadamba) (kadamba)
m. (Un2. iv, 82) Nauclea Cadamba (a tree with orange-coloured fragrant blossoms) MBh. Sus3r. Megh. &c.

white mustard

Andropogon Serratus

turmeric

a particular mineral substance

a particular position of the hand

(in astron.) the pole of the ecliptic Comm. on Su1ryas.

an arrow (cf. %{kAdamba})

N. of a dynasty

(%{I}) f. N. of a plant

(%{am}) n. a multitude, assemblage, collection, troop, herd Gi1t. Sa1h. &c. see under 1. %{kad}.
कदम्बक (kadambaka) (kadambaka)
m. Nauclea Cadamba VarBr2S.

Sinapis Dichotoma

Curcuma Aromatica

(%{ikA}) f. a particular muscle in the nape of the neck (cf. %{kalambikA})

(%{am}) n. multitude, troop, herd S3ak. Kir. S3is3.
कदर्थ (kadartha) (kadartha)
m. a useless thing

(mfn.) having what purpose or aim? RV. x, 22, 6

useless, unmeaning W.
कदर्थन (kadarthana) (kadarthana)
%{am}, %{A} n. f. (fr. %{kadarthaya} below), the act of tormenting, torture, trouble Das3. Katha1s.
कदर्य (kadarya) (kadarya)
mfn. avaricious, miserly, stingy, niggardly Gaut. ChUp. Mn. iv, 210, 224 Ya1jn5. &c.

little, insignificant, mean W.

bad, disagreeable W.

m. a miser

%{-tA} f. %{-tva} n. the state or condition of the above MBh.

%{-bhAva} m. id. ib.
कदल (kadala) (kadala)
%{as}, %{I} (%{A} L.) mf. the plantain or banana tree, Musa Sapientum (its soft, perishable stem is a symbol of frailty) Sus3r. R. Megh.

(%{A}) f. N. of several plants (Pistia Stratiotes, Bombax Heptaphyllum, Calosanthes Indica)

(%{I}) f. the plantain tree Bhpr.

a kind of deer (the hide of which is used as a seat) MBh. Sus3r.

a flag, banner, flag carried by an elephant

(%{am}) n. the banana Sus3r.
कद्रु (kadru) (kadru)
mfn. (etym. doubtful

fr. %{kav} Comm. on Un2. iv, 102) tawny, brown, reddish-brown TS. Ka1tyS3r. &c.

(%{us}) m. tawny (the colour) W.

(%{us}, %{Us}) f. a brown Soma-vessel RV. viii, 45, 26

N. of a daughter of Daksha (wife of Kas3yapa and mother of the Na1gas) MBh. BhP. &c.

(%{U4s}) f. a particular divine personification (described in certain legends which relate to the bringing down of the Soma from heaven [248,2]

according to the Bra1hman2as, `" the earth personified "') TS. vi S3Br. iii, vi Ka1t2h. &c.

N. of a plant (?).
कन (kana) (kana)
mfn. (substituted for %{alpa}, `" little, small "', in forming its comparative and superlative see below

cf. %{kaNa}

according to Gmn. fr. %{kan}, `" to shine, be bright or merry "', originally meaning `" young, youthful "').
कनक (kanaka) (kanaka)
n. (Comm. on Un2. ii, 32) gold MBh. Sus3r. S3ak. &c.

m. thorn-apple Sus3r.

Mesua Ferrea Bhartr2.

several other plants (Michelia Campaka, Butea Frondosa, Bauhinea Variegata, Cassia Sophora, a kind of bdellium, a kind of sandal-wood)

a kind of decoction Car.

N. of particular Grahas or Ketus AV.Par.

N. of several men

(%{As}) m. pl.N. of a people VarBr2S.

(%{A}) f. one of the seven tongues of fire

(mfn.) of gold, golden Sam2hUp. 44, 1.
कनकमय (kanakamaya) (kanakamaya)
mf(%{I})n. consisting or made of gold, golden Pan5cat. Ratna1v. &c.
कनिष्क (kaniṣka) (kaniṣka)
m. N. of a celebrated king of Northern India (whose reign began in the first century of our era and who, next to As3oka, was the greatest supporter of Buddhism

his empire seems to have comprised Afgha1nista1n, the Panja1b, Yarkand, Kashmi1r, Ladak, Agra, Ra1jputa1na, Gujara1t, and Sindh) Ra1jat.
कनिष्ठ (kaniṣṭha) (kaniṣṭha)
and mfn. the youngest, younger born (opposed to %{jyeSTha} and %{vRddha}) RV. iv, 33, 5 AV. x, 8, 28 AitBr. Ka1tyS3r. &c.
कनीयस् (kanīyas) (kanīyas)
mfn. younger, a younger brother or sister, younger son or daughter (opposed to %{jyAyas}) RV. iv, 33, 5 AitBr. MBh. &c. [249,1]

smaller, less, inferior, very small or insignificant (opposed to %{bhUyas} and %{uttama})iii, 15, 5

xii, 4, 6 TS. S3Br. &c.

(%{yasI}) f. the younger sister of a wife L.
कन्था (kanthā) (kanthā)
f. a rag, patched garment (especially one worn by certain ascetics) Bhartr2. Pan5cat.

[cf. Gk. &77826[249,2] $

Lat. {centon}

O. H. G. {hadara}

Germ. {hader}]

a wall

a species of tree

a town

(a Tatpurusha compound ending in %{kanthA} is neuter if it imply a town of the Us3i1naras Pa1n2. 2-4, 20.)
कन्द (kanda) (kanda)
%{as}, %{am} m. n. (%{kan} Comm. on Un2. iv, 98), a bulbous or tuberous root, a bulb MBh. BhP. Sus3r. &c.

the bulbous root of Amorphophallus Campanulatus

garlic

a lump, swelling, knot Sus3r. i, 258, 9 [249,3]

[cf. Gk. $, $

O. H. G. &77847[249,3] {hnUtr}, {hnUta}]

an affection of the female organ (considered as a fleshy excrescence, but apparently prolapsus uteri W.)

N. of a metre (of four lines of thirteen syllables each)

(in mus.) a kind of time

(%{I}) f. see %{mAMsa-k-}.
कन्दर (kandara) (kandara)
%{A}, %{am} fn. (%{as} m. L.), (%{kand} Comm. on Un2. iii, 131

%{kaM}, %{jalena@dIryate} T.), `" great cliff "', an artificial or natural cave, glen, defile, valley R. Pan5cat. Megh. &c.

m. a hook for driving an elephant

(%{A}) f. the lute of the Can2d2a1las

N. of a mother in the retinue of Skanda MBh. BhP.

(%{am}) n. ginger L.
कन्दर्प (kandarpa) (kandarpa)
m. (etym. doubtful

according to some fr. %{kaM-darpa}, `" inflamer even of a god "' see 3. %{ka}, or `" of great wantonness "')N. of Ka1ma (q.v.), love, lust MBh. Bhag. Sus3r. &c.

(in mus.) a particular Ra1ga (q.v.)

a kind of time

membrum virile

N. of a man Katha1s.

(%{A}) f. one of the divine women attending on the fifteenth Arhat (Jain.)
कन्दल (kandala) (kandala)
%{as}, %{A}, %{am} mf. n. the cheek (or the cheek and temple) W.

girth, girdle

a new shoot or sprig

a low soft tone

a portent (as an eclipse, supposed to forbode evil)

reproach, censure

m. gold

war, battle Subh.

(%{I}) f. a species of deer (the hide of which is useful)

N. of a plant with white flowers (which appear very plentifully and all at once in the rainy season) Sus3r. R2itus. Ba1lar.

lotus seed

a flag, banner

N. of wk.

(%{am}) n. the flower of the Kandali1 tree Ragh. Bhartr2. &c.
कन्दुक (kanduka) (kanduka)
m. a boiler, saucepan Comm. on Ka1tyS3r.

a ball of wood or pith for playing with MBh. Bhartr2. Ragh.

a pillow Bhartr2. iii, 93, (n. v.l.)

a betel-nut

a kind of time in music:
कन्य (kanya) (kanya)
mf(%{A})n. the smallest (opposed to %{uttama} and %{madhyama}) Hcat. i, 302, 8 ff.

(%{A4}) f. see %{kanyA4} below

[cf. Zd. {kainin}

Hib. {cain}, `" chaste, undefiled. "'] %{kanyaka}, %{kanyA}, &c. see p. 249, col. 1.
कन्यकुमारी (kanyakumārī) (kanyakumārī)
f. N. of Durga1 TA1r.
कन्या (kanyā) (kanyā)
f. ( %{kan} Un2. iv, 111), a girl, virgin, daughter&c. MBh. &c. (%{kanyAM} %{dA} or %{pra-dA} or %{pra-yam} or %{upa-pad}, Caus. to give one's daughter in marriage Mn. viii, ix

%{kanyAM@prati-grah} or %{hR} or %{vah}, to receive a girl in marriage, marry Mn. ix)

the sign of the zodiac Virgo VarBr2. and Br2S. &c.

the female of any animal Mr2icch.

N. of Durga1 MBh. iii, 8115

N. of a tuberous plant growing in Kas3mi1ra Sus3r.

Aloe Perfoliata

several other plants

N. of a metre (of four lines, each of them containing four long syllables).
कपट (kapaṭa) (kapaṭa)
%{as}, %{am} m. n. (%{kamp} Comm. on Un2. iv, 81), fraud, deceit, cheating, circumvention MBh. Bhartr2. Pan5cat. &c.

m. N. of a Da1nava MBh. i, 2534

(%{I}) f. a measure equal to the capacity of the hollows of the two hands joined

N. of a tree Nigh.
कपि (kapi) (kapi)
m. (%{kamp} Un2. iv, 143), an ape, monkey RV. x, 86, 5 AV. Mn. Sus3r. &c.

an elephant

Emblica Officinalis

a species of Karan5ja

Olibanum

the sun

N. of Vishn2u or Kr2ishn2a MBh. xiii, 7045

N. of several men

(%{ayas}) m. pl.N. of a school

(%{i}, %{I}) f. a female ape

(mfn.) brown Comm. on Un2.

[cf. Gk. $ &78154[250,3] $ $ $ Old Germ. {affo}

Angl. Sax. {apa}

Eng. {ape}.]
कपर्द (kaparda) (kaparda)
m. a small shell or cowrie (of which eighty = one pan2a, used as a coin or as a die in gambling, Cypraea Moneta) Comm. on VS. Comm. on Pa1n2.

braided and knotted hair (esp. that of S3iva, knotted so as to resemble the cowrie shell)

(cf: %{ca4tuS-kaparda}.)
कपर्दिन् (kapardin) (kapardin)
mfn. wearing braided and knotted hair (like the cowrie shell) RV. VS. (said of Rudra, Pu1shan, &c.)

shaggy RV. x, 102, 8

(%{I}) m. N. of S3iva Gaut. MBh. &c.

of one of the eleven Rudras VP. [250,2]

of a Yaksha S3atr.

of an author Sa1y. on RV. i, 60, 1

(%{inI}) f. N. of a goddess BrahmaP.
कपाट (kapāṭa) (kapāṭa)
%{as}, (%{I} L.) %{am} m. (f.) n. a door, the leaf or panel of a door MBh. BhP. Pan5cat. Mr2icch. &c.
कपाल (kapāla) (kapāla)
(%{as} m. L.) n. (%{kamp} Un2. i, 117), a cup, jar, dish (used especially for the Purod2a1s3a offering) TS. S3Br. Sus3r. &c. (cf. %{trikapAla}, %{paJca-kapAla}, &c.)

the alms-bowl of a beggar Mn. vi, 44

viii, 93 R. &c.

a fragment of brick (on which the oblation is placed) S3Br. vi, xii Ka1tyS3r. Sus3r. &c.

a cover, lid A1s3vGr2. iv, 5, 8 Bha1sha1p. &c.

the skull, cranium, skull-bone AV. ix, 8, 22

x, 2, 8 S3Br. i Ya1jn5. &c.

the shell of an egg S3Br. vi, 1, 3 Katha1s. &c.

the shell of a tortoise S3Br. vii, 5, 1, 2

the cotyla of the leg of an animal, any flat bone AitBr. Sus3r.

a kind of leprosy Sus3r. i, 268, 1

13

multitude, assemblage, collection

m. a treaty of peace on equal terms Ka1m. ix, 2 (cf. %{kapAla-saMdhi} below)

N. of an intermediate caste

N. of several men

(%{As}) m. pl.N. of a school

(%{I}) f. a beggar's bowl Bhartr2.

(%{am}) n. N. of a Tantra

[Gk., $ `" handle "'

&78098[250,2] Lat. {capere}

Hib %{gabhaim}

Goth. {hafyan}

Angl. Sax. {haban}, {haefene}, {hafoc}

Eng. {haven}, {hawk}

cf. Gk. $ Lat. {caput}

Goth. {haubith}

Angl. Sax. &78101[250,2] {heafud}.]
कपालभाती (kapālabhātī) (kapālabhātī)
f. a particular sort of penance (consisting in alternate suppression and emission of the breath).
कपालिन् (kapālin) (kapālin)
mfn. bearing a pot (to receive food, as a beggar) Na1r.

furnished with or bearing skulls Ya1jn5. iii, 243 BhP. Kum.

(%{I}, %{inI}) mf. a man or woman of low caste (son or daughter of a Bra1hman mother and a fisherman father)

the follower of a particular S3aiva sect (carrying skulls of men as ornament and eating and drinking from them

cf. %{kApAlika}) Prab. Katha1s. &c.

(%{I}) m. N. of S3iva MBh. i Ba1lar. &c.

of one of the eleven Rudras MBh. ii Hariv. &c.

of a demon causing diseases Hariv. 9557

of a teacher

(%{inI}) f. a form of Durga1 (as the wife of S3iva-kapa1lin) Hariv. Katha1s.

of a being attending on Devi. [250,3]
कपित्थ (kapittha) (kapittha)
m. (%{ttha} = %{stha}) `" on which monkeys dwell "', Feronia Elephantum MBh. Sus3r. &c.

a particular position of the hands and fingers

(%{am}) n. the fruit of Feronia Elephantum Sus3r. VarBr2S. &c.
कपिल (kapila) (kapila)
mf(%{A})n. (%{kam} Un2. i, 56

more probably connected with %{kapi} BRD.), monkeycoloured "', brown, tawny, reddish RV. x, 27, 16 S3Br. R. &c.

red-haired Mn. iii, 8

m. the brown or tawny or reddish colour Sus3r.

a kind of mouse

a kind of ape Katha1s.

a (brown) dog

incense

N. of an ancient sage (identified by some with Vishn2u and considered as the founder of the Sa1m2khya system of philosophy) MBh. Bhag. &c. [251,1]

N. of several other men

of a Da1nava Hariv. 197 BhP.

of a Na1ga MBh. iii, 8010 Hariv. &c.

of a Varsha in Kus3a-dvipa VP. ii, 4, 37

of several mountains

a form of fire MBh. iii, 14197

N. of the sun MBh. iii, 154

(%{As}) m. pl.N. of a people VarBr2S.

of the Bra1hmans in S3a1lmala-dvi1pa VP. ii, 4, 31

(%{A}) f. a brown cow Ya1jn5. i, 205 MBh. &c.

a fabulous cow celebrated in the Pura1n2as W.

a kind of leech Sus3r. i, 40, 20

a kind of ant Sus3r. ii, 296, 12

Dalbergia Sissoo

Aloe Perfoliata

a sort of perfume

a kind of medicinal substance

a kind of brass

N. of a daughter of Daksha MBh.

of a Kim2nara woman Ka1ran2d2.

of a river MBh. iii, 14233 VP.

N. of the female of the elephant Pun2d2arika (q.v.) L.
कपुच्छल (kapucchala) (kapucchala)
n. a tuft of hair on the hind part of the head (hanging down like a tail) Gobh. ii, 9, 18

the fore-part of a sacrificial ladle (i.e. the part with which the fluid is skimmed off) S3Br.
कपोत (kapota) (kapota)
m. (%{kav} Un2. i, 63

fr. 2. %{ka} + %{pota}?), a dove, pigeon, (esp.) the spottynecked pigeon (in the Vedas often a bird of evil omen)VS. MBh. &c.

a bird in general

a frieze, cornice

a particular position of the hands Comm. on S3ak. PSarv. &c.

the grey colour of a pigeon Sus3r. ii, 280, 1

the grey ore of antimony Sus3r. ii, 84, 10

(%{I}) f. the female of a pigeon Pan5cat.
कपोल (kapola) (kapola)
m. (ifc. f. %{A}), (%{kap} Un2. i, 67) the cheek (of men or elephants &c.) Sus3r. Ya1jn5. Ragh. &c.

(%{As}) m. pl.N. of a school belonging to the white Yajur-veda

(%{I}) f. the fore-part of the knee, knee-cap or pan L.
कप्फिण (kapphiṇa) (kapphiṇa)
m. N. of a man (Buddh.)
क (ka) (ka)
1 the first consonant of the alphabet, and the first guttural letter (corresponding in sound to {k} in {keep} or {king}).4 a Taddhita affix (much used in forming adjectives

it may also be added to nouns to express diminution, deterioration, or similarity e.g. %{putraka}, a little son

%{azvaka}, a bad horse or like a horse).
कमण्डलु (kamaṇḍalu) (kamaṇḍalu)
%{us}, %{u} m. n. (in the Veda %{Us} f. according to Pa1n2. 4-1, 71) a gourd or vessel made of wood or earth used for water (by ascetics and religious students), a water-jar MBh. BhP. Ya1jn5. &c.

a kind of animal A1s3vS3r.

(%{us}) m. Ficus Infectoria

(%{Us}) f. a kind of animal Pa1n2. 4-1, 72.
कमल (kamala) (kamala)
mfn. (Comm. on Un2. i, 106) pale-red, rose-coloured TS. vii, 3, 18, 1

(%{kama4la}) AV. viii, 6, 9 (desirous, lustful BRD.)

m. a species of deer

the Indian crane (Ardea Sibirica)

N. of Brahma1

of a pupil of Vais3ampa1yana Ka1s3.

of an Asura Gan2P.

(in mus.) a particular Dhruvaka (q.v.)

(%{as}, %{am}) m. n. a lotus, lotusflower, Nelumbium Sus3r. S3ak. Bhartr2. &c.

(%{A}) f. N. of Lakshmi BhP. Sa1h. Katha1s.

wealth, prosperity Subh.

N. of Da1kshya1yan2i1 MatsyaP.

of one of the mothers in the retinue of Skanda MBh.

of the wife of Jaya1pid2a Ra1jat.

an excellent woman

an orange Tantras.

(%{I}, %{am}) fn.N. of a metre (four times three short syllables)

(%{am}) n. a particular constellation VarBr2.

water Kir. v, 25

copper

the bladder

a medicament, drug

N. of a town built by Kamala1 Ra1jat.

a particular number Buddh.
कम्प (kampa) (kampa)
m. trembling, tremor, trembling motion, shaking MBh. Sus3r. &c.

earthquake (cf. %{bhUmi-kampa}, %{mahI-k-}, &c.)

tremulous or thrilling pronunciation (a modification of the Svarita accent which may take place if the Svarita syllable is followed by an Uda1tta syllable) Nir. &c.

a kind of time (in mus.)

N. of a man.
कम्पन (kampana) (kampana)
mf(%{A})n. trembling, shaken, unsteady

causing to tremble, shaking MBh.

m. a kind of weapon MBh. i, 2836 R.

a kind of fever Bhpr.

the cool or dewy season (from about the middle of January to that of March)

N. of a king MBh. ii, 117

of a country near Ka1s3mira Ra1jat.

(%{A}) f. N. of a river MBh. VP.

(%{am}) n. trembling, quivering Sus3r.

an earthquake MBh. v, 7239

quivering or thrilling pronunciation (see %{kampa}) Comm. on RPra1t.

the act of shaking, swinging Ka1tyS3r. Sus3r. i, 85, 9 Tarkas. &c.
कम्पित (kampita) (kampita)
mfn. trembling, shaking MBh. R2itus.

caused to tremble, shaken, swung MBh. iv, 1290 Tattvas.

(%{am}) n. trembling, a tremor.
कम्प्य (kampya) (kampya)
mfn. to be shaken or made to tremble (cf. %{a-kampya})

to be moved away from one's place

to be pronounced in a quivering or trilling manner.
कम्बल (kambala) (kambala)
%{as}, %{am} m. n. (%{kam} Comm. on Un2. i, 108), a woollen blanket or cloth or upper garment AV. xiv, 2, 66

67 MBh. Hit. &c.

m. a dew-lap VarBr2S. Hcat.

a small worm or insect

a sort of deer with a shaggy hairy coat

N. of a teacher

of a man

of a Na1ga MBh. Ma1rkP. &c.

(%{am}) n. water (cf. %{kamala})

N. of a Varsha in Kus3a-dvipa MBh. vi, 454.
कम्बु (kambu) (kambu)
m. (%{u} n. L.) a conch

a shell MBh. iv, 255 BhP. Katha1s. &c.

(%{us}) m. a bracelet or ring made of shells MBh.

a bracelet in general

three lines or marks in the neck (indicative of good fortune) VarBr2S.

the neck

an elephant

a tube-shaped bone

a vein or tubular vessel of the body W.

a sort of Curcuma L.
कम्बोज (kamboja) (kamboja)
%{As} m. pl.N. of a people and its country

m. the king of this people Pa1n2. 4-1, 175

a shell

a species of elephant(cf. %{kAmboja}.)
कयाधु (kayādhu) (kayādhu)
%{us} (%{Us} v.l.) f. N. of Hiran2yakas3ipu's wife BhP. vi, 18, 12 Comm. on TBr.
कर (kara) (kara)
1 (for 2. see p. 254, col. 3) mf(%{I}, rarely %{A})n. (1. %{kR}), a doer, maker, causer, doing, making, causing, producing (esp. ifc.

cf. %{duHkhakara}, %{bhayaM-k-}, %{sampat-k-}, &c.

cf. Lat. %{cerus}, `" creator "') AV. xii, 2, 2 Mn. Pan5cat. &c.

helping, promoting RV. i, 116, 13

m. the act of doing, making &c. (ifc.

cf. %{ISatkara}, %{su-k-}, %{duS-k-}, &c.)

`" the doer "', the hand RV. x, 67, 6 MBh. Mn. &c.

a measure (the breadth of twenty-four thumbs)

an elephant's trunk MBh. Pan5cat. &c.

the claws of a crab Hit.

symbolical expression for the number two

the lunar mansion Hasta VarBr2S.
कर (kara) (kara)
1 (for 2. see p. 254, col. 3) mf(%{I}, rarely %{A})n. (1. %{kR}), a doer, maker, causer, doing, making, causing, producing (esp. ifc.

cf. %{duHkhakara}, %{bhayaM-k-}, %{sampat-k-}, &c.

cf. Lat. %{cerus}, `" creator "') AV. xii, 2, 2 Mn. Pan5cat. &c.

helping, promoting RV. i, 116, 13

m. the act of doing, making &c. (ifc.

cf. %{ISatkara}, %{su-k-}, %{duS-k-}, &c.)

`" the doer "', the hand RV. x, 67, 6 MBh. Mn. &c.

a measure (the breadth of twenty-four thumbs)

an elephant's trunk MBh. Pan5cat. &c.

the claws of a crab Hit.

symbolical expression for the number two

the lunar mansion Hasta VarBr2S.
करण (karaṇa) (karaṇa)
(once %{karaNa4} RV. i, 119, 7) mf(%{I})n doing, making, effecting, causing (esp. ifc.

cf. %{antakaraNa}, %{uSNaM-k-}, &c.) R. &c.

clever, skilful RV. i, 119, 7

m. a helper, companion AV. vi, 46, 2

xv, 5, 1-6

xix, 57, 3

a man of a mixed class (the son of an outcast Kshatriya Mn. x, 22

or the son of a S3u1dra woman by a Vais3ya Ya1jn5. i, 92

or the son of a Vais3ya woman by a Kshatriya MBh. i, 2446

4521

the occupation of this class is writing, accounts &c.) a writer, scribe W.

(in Gr.) a sound or word as an independent part of speech (or as separated from the context

in this sense usually n.) Ka1s3. on Pa1n2. 3-1, 41 Pat. Comm. on RPra1t.

(in mus.) a kind of time Kum. vi, 40

(%{I}) f. a woman of the above mixed tribe Ya1jn5. i, 95

(with %{sutA}) an adopted daughter R. (ed. Gorr.) i, 19, 9

(in arithm.) a surd or irrational number, surd root

the side of a square S3ulbas. Comm. on VS.

a particular measure Comm. on Ka1tyS3r.

a particular position of the fingers

(%{am}) n. the act of making, doing, producing, effecting S3Br. MBh. &c. (very often ifc. e.g. %{muSTi-k-}, %{virUpa-k-})

an act, deed RV.

an action (esp. a religious one) Ya1jn5. i, 250 R.

the special business of any tribe or caste

a calculation (esp. an astronomical one) VarBr2S.

an astrological division of the day (these Karan2as are eleven, viz. %{vava}, %{valava}, %{kaulava}, %{taitila}, %{gara}, %{vaNija}, %{viSTi}, %{zakuni}, %{catuSpada}, %{kintughna}, and %{nAga}, two being equal to a lunar day

the first seven are called %{a-dhruvANi} or movable, and fill, eight times repeated, the space from the second half of the first day in the moon's increase to the first half of the fourteenth day in its wane

the four others are %{dhruvANi} or fixed, and occupy the four half-days from the second half of the fourteenth day in the wane of the moon to the first half of the first day in its increase) VarBr2S. Sus3r. &c.

pronunciation, articulation, APra1t.

(in Gr.) a sound or word as an independent part of speech, separated from its context Pa1n2. Ka1s3. &c., (%{karaNa} may be used in this way like %{kAra} e.g. %{iti-karaNa} S3a1n3khS3r.)

the posture of an ascetic

a posture in sexual intercourse

instrument, means of action S3vetUp. Ya1jn5. Megh.

an organ of sense or of speech VPra1t. Pa1rGr2.

(in law) an instrument, document, bond Mn. viii, 51

52

154

(in Gr.) the means or instrument by which an action is effected, the idea expressed by the instrumental case, instrumentality Pa1n2. 1-4, 42

ii, 3, 18

iii, 2, 45

cause (= %{kAraNa})

a spell, charm Katha1s. (cf. %{karaNa-prayoga})

rhythm, time Kum.

body Megh. Kum. Ka1d.

N. of a treatise of Vara1ha-mihira on the motion of the planets

of a work belonging to the S3iva-dars3ana

a field

the mind, heart W. (cf. %{antaH-karaNa})

grain W.
करणीय (karaṇīya) (karaṇīya)
mfn. to be done or made or effected &c. MBh. R. &c.
करण्ड (karaṇḍa) (karaṇḍa)
%{as}, (%{I} L.), %{am} mfn. (Un2. i, 128) a basket or covered box of bamboo wicker-work BhP. Bhartr2. &c.

a bee-hive, honey-comb

m. a sword

a sort of duck

a species of plant (= %{dalADhaka})

(%{am}) n. a piece of wood, block Bhpr. see p. 254, col. 2.
करण्डक (karaṇḍaka) (karaṇḍaka)
%{as}, %{ikA} mf. a basket Katha1s.
करभ (karabha) (karabha)
1 (for 2. see col. 3), %{as} m. (%{kRR} Un2. iii, 122

but more probably connected with 1. %{kara}), the trunk of an elephant MBh. S3ak. &c.

a young elephant BhP.

a camel MBh. Sus3r. &c.

a young camel Pan5cat.

the metacarpus (the hand from the wrist to the root of the fingers) Sa1h. Comm. on Un2. &c.

(in mus.) a singer who wrinkles the forehead when singing

a kind of perfume

a wall

N. of Danta-vakra (king of the Karu1shas) MBh. ii, 577

(%{A}) f. a particular plant

(%{I}) f. a she-camel

Tragia Involucrata L.2 (for 1. see col. 2), %{am} n. the lunar mansion called Hasta Hcat. &c., for 1. see p. 254, col. 2

for 2., p. 254, col. 3.
करम्भ (karambha) (karambha)
m. groats or coarsely-ground oats &c.

a dish of parched grain, a cake or flour or meal mixed with curds, a kind of gruel (generally offered to Pu1shan as having no teeth to masticate hardfood)VS. &c.

a mixture

N. of a poisonous plant Sus3r.

of a son of S3akuni and father of Devara1ta Hariv.

of the father of Asura Mahisha

of a monkey R.

of a brother of Rambha

(%{A}) f. Asparagus Racemosus

fennel

N. of the daughter of a king of Kalin3ga and wife of Akrodhana MBh. i, 3775

(mfn.) mixed (as an odour) BhP.
करवीर (karavīra) (karavīra)
m. Oleander (Nerium Odorum) MBh. Sus3r. Mr2icch. VarBr2S.

a species of Soma Sus3r. ii, 164, 15

a sword

a particular spell (for recovering a missile of mystic properties after its discharge) R.

the thumb

a cemetery

N. of a Na1ga MBh. i, 1557

of a Daitya

of a town on the river Ven2va1 (founded by Padma-varn2a) Hariv. 5230 (cf. %{kara-vIra-pura} below)

of a town on the river Dr2ishadvati (the residence of Candras3ekhara) KapS.

of a mountain BhP.

(%{A}) f. red arsenic

(%{I}) f. a woman who has borne a son, a mother

a good cow

N. of Aditi T.

(%{am}) n. the flower of Oleander

%{-kandasaMjJa} m. a species of onion

a bulb (= %{tailakanda})

%{-karambhin} n. N. of a wood Hariv. 8954 (v.l. %{karavIrAkara})

%{-pura} n. N. of a town founded by Padma-varn2a (cf. %{karavIra}) MBh.

%{-bhujA} f. Cajanus Indicus

%{-bhUSA} f. = %{-bhujA} T.

%{-mAhAtmya} n. N. of wk.

%{-vrata} n. a certain rite

%{--rA7kara} n. N. of a wood Hariv.
करिन् (karin) (karin)
mfn. doing, effecting &c. Ka1s3. on Pa1n2. 2-3, 70

(%{I}) m. `" having a trunk "', an elephant MBh. BhP. Pan5cat. &c.

(%{iNI}) f. see above.
करिष्णु (kariṣṇu) (kariṣṇu)
mfn. (ifc.) doing, accomplishing Das3.
करीर (karīra) (karīra)
%{as}, %{am} m. n. the shoot of a bamboo Sus3r. Hcat.

m. a water-jar

Capparis Aphylla (a thorny plant growing in deserts and fed upon by camels) S3Br. MBh. Sus3r.

(%{A}, or %{I}) f. the root of an elephant's tusk

a cricket, small grasshopper

(%{am}) n. the fruit of Capparis Aphylla.
करीष (karīṣa) (karīṣa)
%{as}, %{am} m. n. (1. %{kRR} Un2. iv, 26), rubbish, refuse

dung, dry cow-dung S3Br. ii Mn. viii, 250 R. &c.

N. of a mountain.
करुण (karuṇa) (karuṇa)
mf(%{A})n. (1. %{kRR} Un2. iii, 53

but in some of its meanings fr. 1. %{kR}), mournful, miserable, lamenting MBh. Das3. &c.

compassionate BhP. [255,3]

(%{am}) ind. mournfully, wofully, pitifully, in distress MBh. Pan5cat. Vet. &c.

m. `" causing pity or compassion "', one of the Rasas or sentiments of a poem, the pathetic sentiment Sa1h. &c.

Citrus Decumana

a Buddha

N. of an Asura Hariv.

(%{A}) f. pity, compassion BhP. Ragh. Pan5cat. &c.

one of the four Brahma-viha1ras (Buddh.)

the sentiment of compassion (cf. above)

a particular tone (in mus.)

(%{I}) f. a particular plant

(%{am}) n. an action, holy work RV. i, 100, 7 AV. xii, 3, 47 TS. i.
करूष (karūṣa) (karūṣa)
%{As} m. pl.N. of a people MBh. Hariv. &c.

m. N. of Danta-vakra (a king of that people) MBh. ii, 577

N. of a son of Manu Vaivasvata (the founder of the above people) Hariv. BhP. &c.
कर्क (karka) (karka)
mf(%{I4})n. (%{kR} Un2. iii, 40

cf. %{karaGka}), white AV. iv, 38, 6

7

good, excellent W.

m. a white horse MBh.

a crab

the sign Cancer

a water-jar

fire

a mirror

a younger brother of the father

beauty

a particular gem[256,1]

N. of a plant (= %{karkaTa})

N. of a commentator

(%{A}) f. a white mare Katha1s. cxxi, 278.
कर्कट (karkaṭa) (karkaṭa)
m. a crab Sus3r. Pan5cat. &c.

the sign Cancer VarBr2S. VarBr2. &c.

a particular bird

N. of several plants

the fibrous root of a plant

the curved end of the beam of a balance (to which the strings supporting the scale are attached), Mit.

a pair of compasses in a particular position

a particular position of the hands

a kind of fever Bhpr.

a kind of coitus

(%{A}) f. Momordica Mixta

(%{I}) f. a female crab MBh.

Cucumis Utilissimus, a kind of cucumber Comm. on Ta1n2d2yaBr.

a small water-jar Pan5cat.

the fruit of Bombax Heptaphyllum

N. of a Ra1kshasi1

[cf. Gk. $

Lat. &79738[256,1] %{cancer}.]
कर्कटक (karkaṭaka) (karkaṭaka)
m. a crab Sus3r. Pan5cat. &c.

the sign Cancer VarBr2S.

a pair of tongs Das3.

a pair of compasses (cf. %{karkaTa})

a kind of plant Sus3r.

a particular position of the hands

N. of a Na1ga R.

(%{ikA}) f. a sort of plant Sus3r. ii, 276, 3 Pan5cat.

a kernel

(%{am}) n. a kind of poisonous root Sus3r.

a particular fracture of the bones Sus3r. i, 301, 5.
कर्कश (karkaśa) (karkaśa)
mf(%{A})n. (perhaps connected with %{karka} and %{karkara}) hard, firm, rough, harsh (lit. and metaph.) Sus3r. Mr2icch. Bhartr2. &c.

m. a sword, scymitar

Cassia or Sennia Esculenta

a species of sugar-cane

= %{guNDorocanI}

(%{A}) f. Tragia Involucrata

N. of an Apsaras Ma1rkP.

(%{I}) f. the wild jujube L.
कर्केतन (karketana) (karketana)
कर्कोट (karkoṭa) (karkoṭa)
m. N. of one of the principal Na1gas of Pa1ta1la VP. Ra1jat. &c.

(%{As}) m. pl.N. of a people VarBr2S.

(%{I}) f. N. of a plant with a bitter fruit

(%{am}) n. N. of a plant Sus3r.
कर्कोटक (karkoṭaka) (karkoṭaka)
m. Momordica Mixta Sus3r.

AEgle Marmelos

the sugar-cane

N. of a Na1ga MBh. Hariv. &c.

(%{As}) m. pl.N. of a people MBh. viii, 2066

(%{ikA}) f. Momordica Mixta

(%{I}) f. N. of a plant with yellow flowers Bhpr. Car.

Momordica Mixta

(%{am}) n. the fruit of Momordica Mixta Sus3r. i, 222, 1.
कर्ण (karṇa) (karṇa)
m. (%{kRt} Nir.

1. %{kRR} Un2. iii, 10), the earTS. Sus3r. (%{a4pi@ka4rNe}, behind the ear or back, from behind RV. [cf. %{apikarNa4}]

%{karNe}, [in dram.] into the ear, in a low voice, aside Mr2icch. Ma1lav.

%{karNaM} %{dA}, to give ear to, listen to S3ak. Mr2icch.

%{karNam@A-gam}, to come to one's ear, become known to Ragh. i, 9)

the handle or ear of a vessel RV. viii, 72, 12 S3Br. ix Ka1tyS3r. &c.

the helm or rudder of a ship R.

(in geom.) the hypothenuse of a triangle or the diagonal of a tetragon Hcat. &c.

the diameter of a circle, Su1ryas

(in prosody) a spondee

Cassia Fistula

Calotropis Gigantea

N. of a king of An3ga (and elder brother by the mother's side of the Pa1n2d2u princes, being the son of the god Su1rya by Pr2itha1 or Kunti1, before her marriage with Pa1n2d2u

afraid of the censure of her relatives, Kunti1 deserted the child and exposed it in the river, where it was found by a charioteer named Adhi-ratha and nurtured by his wife Ra1dha1 [256,3]

hence Karn2a is sometimes called Su1ta-putra or Su1ta-ja, sometimes Ra1dheya, though named by his foster-parents Vasu-shen2a) MBh. BhP. &c.

N. of several other men

(mfn. %{karNa4}), eared, furnished with ears or long ears AV. v, 13, 9 VS. TS.

furnished with chaff (as grain) TS. i, 8, 9, 3.
कर्णाट (karṇāṭa) (karṇāṭa)
%{As} m. pl.N. of a people and the country they inhabit (the modern Karnatic

the name, however, was anciently applied to the central districts of the peninsula, including Mysore) VarBr2S. Ra1jat. Katha1s. &c.

m. a king or inhabitant of Karn2a1t2a Katha1s.

(in mus.) a particular Ra1ga

(%{I}) f. a queen of Karn2a1t2a Ra1jat. iv, 152

a kind of Mimosa

(in mus.) a particular Ra1gin2i1.
कर्णाटक (karṇāṭaka) (karṇāṭaka)
%{As} m. pl.N. of a people and the country they inhabit VP. BhP. &c.

(%{ikA}) f. (in mus.) a particular Ra1gin2i1.
कर्णिक (karṇika) (karṇika)
mfn. having ears, having large or long ears W.

having a helm W.

m. a steersman W.

a kind of fever Bhpr.

N. of a king in Pota1la

(%{As}) m. pl.N. of a people VP.

(%{as}, %{am}) m. n. the pericarp of a lotus MBh.

(%{am}) n. a kind of arrow (the top being shaped like an ear), S3a1rn3g.
कर्णिकार (karṇikāra) (karṇikāra)
mfn. (fr. %{karNikA} BRD.

%{karNiM@bhedanaM@karoti} T.), Pterospermum acerifolium MBh. Sus3r. &c.

Cathartocarpus fistula

(%{am}) n. the flower of Pterospermum acerifolium R2itus.

the pericarp of a lotus Hcat. Ra1jat.
कर्णिन् (karṇin) (karṇin)
mfn. having ears AV. x, 1, 2 TS. vii

relating to the ears

(ifc.) having (a ring &c.) attached to the ear MBh. xiii

furnished with flaps or anything similar (said of shoes) Ka1tyS3r. xxii

barbed, furnished with knots &c. (as a missile) Mn. vii, 90 MBh. Sus3r. &c.

having a helm W.

(%{I}) m. a missile, arrow

the side of the neck, the part near the ear W.

a steersman Katha1s.

N. of one of the seven principal ranges of the mountains dividing the universe

(%{inI}) f. (scil. %{yoni}) a disease of the uterus (prolapsus or polypus uteri) Sus3r. ii, 397, 7

398, 11.
कर्तृ (kartṛ) (kartṛ)
mfn. one who makes or does or acts or effects, a doer, maker, agent, author (with gen. or acc. or ifc. cf. %{bhaya-kartR}, &c.)&c. MBh. Mn. &c.

doing any particular action or business, applying one's self to any occupation (the business or occupation preceding in the compound cf. %{suvarNa-kartR}, %{rAjya-k-}, &c.)

one who acts in a religious ceremony, a priest S3Br. A1s3vGr2. &c.

(%{tA}) m. the creator of the world S3Br. xiv Ya1jn5. iii, 69

N. of Vishn2u Pan5cat.

of Brahman

of S3iva

(in Gr.) the agent of an action (who acts of his own accord [%{sva-tantra}]), the active noun, the subject of a sentence (it stands either in the nom. [in active construction], or in the instr. [in passive construction], or in the gen. [in connection with a noun of action]

it is opposed to %{karman}, the object) Pa1n2. &c.

one who is about to do, one who will do (used as periphr. fut.) MBh.
कर्तरि (kartari) (kartari)
f. scissors, a knife, or any instrument for cutting Sus3r. Hcat.
कर्तव्य (kartavya) (kartavya)
and mfn. (fut. pass. p. of 1. %{kR} q.v.) to be done or made or accomplished &c. TS. S3Br. AitBr. Mn. &c.
कर्तृस्थ (kartṛstha) (kartṛstha)
mfn. standing or being or contained in the agent of an action Pa1n2. 1-3, 37

%{-kriyaka} mfn. (any root &c.) whose action is confined to the agent

%{-bhAvaka} mfn. (any root &c.) whose state stands within the agent.
कर्पट (karpaṭa) (karpaṭa)
n. (%{as} m. L.) old or patched or ragged garments, a patch, rag Pan5cat. Katha1s. &c.

N. of a mountain Ka1lP.
कर्पास (karpāsa) (karpāsa)
%{as}, %{I}, %{am} mf. n. the cotton tree, cotton, Gossypium Herbaceum Sus3r.

[cf. Gk. $

&80412[258,1] Lat. {carbasus}.]
कर्पूर (karpūra) (karpūra)
1 %{as}, %{am} m. n. (%{kRp} Comm. on Un2. iv, 90), camphor (either the plant or resinous exudation or fruit) Sus3r. Pan5cat. &c.

m. N. of several men

of a Dvi1pa Katha1s. lvi, 61 f.

(%{A}) f. a kind of yellowish pigment Bhpr.

mf(%{A})n. made of camphor Hcat.2 Nom. P. %{karpUrati}, to be like camphor Dhu1rtas. Kuval.
कर्बुर (karbura) (karbura)
mf(%{A})n. variegated, of a spotted or variegated colour Sus3r. Hit. Kum. &c.

m. sin

a Rakshas

Curcuma Amhaldi or Zerumbet

a species of Dolichos

(%{A}) f. a venomous kind of leech Sus3r. i, 40, 10

Bignonia suaveolens

= %{barbarA}

(%{I}) f. N. of Durga1

(%{am}) n. gold

thorn-apple

water L.
कर्मन् (karman) (karman)
%{a} n. (%{A} m. L.), (%{kR} Un2. iv, 144), act, action, performance, businessS3Br. MBh. &c.

office, special duty, occupation, obligation (frequently ifc., the first member of the compound being either the person who performs the action [e.g. %{vaNik-k-}] or the person or thing for or towards whom the action is performed [e.g. %{rAja-k-}, %{pazu-k-}] or a specification of the action [e.g. %{zaurya-k-}, %{prIti-k-}]) S3Br. Mn. Bhartr2. &c.

any religious act or rite (as sacrifice, oblation &c., esp. as originating in the hope of future recompense and as opposed to speculative religion or knowledge of spirit)VS. Ragh. &c.

work, labour, activity (as opposed to rest, %{prazAnti}) Hit. RPra1t. &c.

physicking, medical attendance Car.

action consisting in motion (as the third among the seven categories of the Nya1ya philosophy

of these motions there are five, viz. %{ut-kSepaNa}, %{ava-kSepaNa}, %{A-kuJcana}, %{prasAraNa}, and %{gamana}, qq. vv.) Bha1sha1p. Tarkas.

calculation Su1ryas.

product, result, effect Mn. xii, 98 Sus3r.

organ of sense S3Br. xiv (or of action see %{karme7ndriya})

(in Gr.) the object (it stands either in the acc. [in active construction], or in the nom. [in passive construction], or in the gen. [in connection with a noun of action]

opposed to %{kartR} the subject) Pa1n2. 1-4, 49 ff. (it is of four kinds, viz. a. %{nirvartya}, when anything new is produced e.g. %{kaTaM@karoti}, `" he makes a mat "' [258,3]

%{putraM@prasUte}, `" she bears a son "'

b. %{vikArya}, when change is implied either of the substance and form e.g. %{kASThaM@bhasma@karoti}, `" he reduces fuel to ashes "'

or of the form only e.g. %{suvarNaM@kuNDalaM@karoti}, `" he fashions gold into an ear-ring "'

c. %{prApya}, when any desired object is attained e.g. %{grAmaM@gacchati}, `" he goes to the village "'

%{candraM@pazyati}, `" he sees the moon "'

d. %{anIpsita}, when an undesired object is abandoned e.g. %{pApaM@tyajati}, `" he leaves the wicked "')

former act as leading to inevitable results, fate (as the certain consequence of acts in a previous life) Pan5cat. Hit. Buddh., (cf. %{karma-pAka} and %{-vipAka})

the tenth lunar mansion VarBr2S. &c.
कर्मधारय (karmadhāraya) (karmadhāraya)
m. N. of a class of Tatpurusha (q.v.) compounds (in which the members would stand in the same case [%{samAnA7dhikaraNa}] if the compound were dissolved) Pa1n2. 1-2, 42 (see Gr. 735, iii

755 ff.)
कर्मस्थ (karmastha) (karmastha)
mfn. contained or being in the object.
कर्मिन् (karmin) (karmin)
mfn. acting, active, busy

performing a religious action, engaged in any work or business A1s3vS3r. MBh. BhP. &c.

belonging or relating to any act W.

(%{I}) m. performer of an action Sarvad.

labourer, workman VarBr2S.

Butea frondosa Nigh.
कर्मिक (karmika) (karmika)
mfn. active, acting g. %{vrIhy-Adi} and %{purohitA7di}.
कर्ष (karṣa) (karṣa)
m. (%{kRS}), the act of drawing, dragging Pa1n2.

(with and without %{halasya}) ploughing, agriculture A1p. Ya1jn5. ii, 217

`" anything scratched off "' see %{kSAma-karSa-mizra4}

(%{as}, %{am}) m. n. a weight of gold or silver (= 16 Ma1shas = 80 Rettis = 1/4 Pala = 1/400 of a Tula1 = about 176 grains troy

in common use 8 Rettis are given to the Ma1sha, and the Karsha is then about 280 grains troy) Sus3r. VarBr2S. &c. [260,1]

Terminalia Bellerica (also called %{akSa} q.v.)

a boat L.
कर्षण (karṣaṇa) (karṣaṇa)
mfn. pulling to and fro, dragging, tormenting, vexing (v.l. %{karzana}) MBh. R. &c.

extending (in time), APra1t.

the act of drawing or dragging near S3ak. (v.l.)

drawing out, pulling off

tugging, pulling (cf. %{keza-k-}), drawing to and fro, removing, hurting, injuring, tormenting Mn. vii, 112 MBh. Sus3r. &c.

drawing back, bending (a bow) Ragh. xi, 46 (cf. %{dhanuS-k-})

prolonging (a sound) Sam2hUp.

ploughing, cultivating the ground Mn. iv, 5 MBh. BhP.

cultivated land MBh. iii, 10082

erroneous for %{karzana} q.v. Car.

(%{I}) f. N. of a plant (= %{kSIriNI})
कल (kala) (kala)
mf(%{A})n. (etym. doubtful) indistinct, dumb Br2A1rUp. ChUp.

(ifc., %{bASpa}, or %{azru} preceding) indistinct or inarticulate (on account of tears) MBh. R. &c. [260,2]

low, soft (as a tone), emitting a soft tone, melodious (as a voice or throat) R. BhP. Vikr. &c.

a kind of faulty pronunciation of vowels Pat.

weak, crude, undigested

m. (scil. %{svara}) a low or soft and inarticulate tone (as humming, buzzing &c.)

Shorea robusta

(in poetry) time equal to four Ma1tras or instants W.

(%{As}) m. pl. a class of manes MBh.

(%{am}) n. semen virile

Zizyphus Jujuba

(%{A}) f. see %{kalA} below.
कलङ्क (kalaṅka) (kalaṅka)
m. (etym. doubtful) a stain, spot, mark, soil

defamation, blame Katha1s. Mr2icch. &c.
कलङ्कित (kalaṅkita) (kalaṅkita)
mfn. spotted, soiled, stained, disgraced, defamed Bhartr2. Katha1s. &c.
कलत्र (kalatra) (kalatra)
n. a wife, consort MBh. Bhartr2. Hit. &c.

the female of an animal Vikr.

the hip and loins

pudendum muliebre

a royal citadel, a stronghold or fastness W.

(in astron.) the seventh lunar mansion VarBr2.
कलम (kalama) (kalama)
m. (1. %{kal} Un2. iv, 84), a sort of rice (sown in May and June and ripening in December or January) Sus3r. Ragh. &c.

a reed for writing with

[cf. Lat. {calamus}

Gk. $

and Arab. $]

a &81138[260,3] thief L.
कलि (kali) (kali)
m. (1. %{kal} Comm. on Un2. iv, 117)N. of the die or side of a die marked with one dot, the losing die AV. vii, 109, 1 S3Br. &c. (personified as an evil genius in the episode of Nala)

symbolical expression for the number 1

Terminalia Bellerica (the nuts of which in older times were used as dice)

N. of the last and worst of the four Yugas or ages, the present age, age of vice AitBr. Mn. i, 86

ix, 301 f. MBh. &c. (the Kali age contains, inclusive of the two dawns, 1200 years of the gods or 432,000 years of men, and begins the eighteenth of February, 3102 B.C.

at the end of this Yuga the world is to be destroyed

see %{yuga})

strife, discord, quarrel, contention (personified as the son of %{krodha}, `" Anger "', and %{hiMsA}, `" Injury "', and as generating with his sister %{durukti}, `" Calumny. "' two children, viz. %{bhaya}, `" Fear "', and %{mRtyu}, `" Death "' BhP. iv, 8, 3

4) MBh. Hit. &c. [262,1]

the worst of a class or number of objects MBh. xii, 361

363

a hero (or an arrow, %{zUra}, or %{zara})

N. of S3iva MBh. xiii, 1192

N. of an Upanishad (= %{kalisaMtaraNa})

(%{i4s}) m. N. of a class of mythic beings (related to the Gandharvas, and supposed by some to be fond of gambling

in epic poetry Kali is held to be the fifteenth of the Deva-gandharvas or children of the Munis) AV. x, 10, 13 MBh. Hariv.

N. of a man RV.

(%{is}, %{I}) f. an unblown flower, bud L.
कला (kalā) (kalā)
f. (etym. doubtful) a small part of anything, any single part or portion of a whole, esp. a sixteenth part RV. viii, 47, 17 TS. S3Br. Mn. &c.

a digit or one-sixteenth of the moon's diameter Hit. Katha1s.

(personified as a daughter of Kardama and wife of Mari1ci BhP.)

a symbolical expression for the number sixteen Hcat.

interest on a capital (considered as a certain part of it) S3is3. ix, 32

a division of time (said to be 1/900 of a day or 1-6 minutes Mn. i, 64 Hariv.

or 1/1800 of a day or 0-8 minutes Comm. on VP.

or 2 minutes and 26 54/201 seconds Sus3r.

or 1 minute and 35 205/301, seconds, or 8 seconds BhavP.)

the sixtieth part of one-thirtieth of a zodiacal sign, a minute of a degree Su1ryas.

(in prosody) a syllabic instant

a term for the seven substrata of the elements or Dha1tus of the human body (viz. flesh, blood, fat, phlegm, urine, bile, and semen

but according to Hemacandra, %{rasa}, `" chyle "', %{asthi}, `" bone "', and %{majjan}, `" marrow "', take the place of phlegm, urine, and bile) Sus3r.

an atom (there are 3015 Kala1s or atoms in every one of the six Dha1tus, not counting the %{rasa}, therefore in all 18090)

(with Pa1s3upatas) the elements of the gross or material world Sarvad.

an embryo shortly after conception (cf. %{kalana})

a designation of the three constituent parts of a sacrifice (viz. %{mantra}, %{dravya}, and %{zraddhA} Ni1lak. on MBh. [ed. Bomb.] xiv, 89, 3)

the menstrual discharge

any practical art, any mechanical or fine art (sixty-four are enumerated in the S3aivatantra [T.]

the following is a list of them: %{gItam}, %{vAdyam}, %{nRtyam}, %{nAtyam}, %{Alekhyam}, %{vizeSaka-cchedyam}, %{taNDula-kusuma-balivikArAH}, %{puSpA7staranam}, %{dazana-vasanA7GgarAgAH}, %{maNi-bhUmikA-karma}, %{zayana-racanam}, %{udaka-vAdyam}, %{udaka-ghAtaH}, %{citrA@yogAH}, %{mAlya-granthana-vikalpAH}, %{keza-zekharA7pIDayojanam}, %{nepathya-yogAH}, %{karNa-pattra-bhaGgAH}, %{gandha-yuktiH}, %{bhUSaNa-yojanam}, %{indrajAlam}, %{kaucumAra-yogAH}, %{hasta-lAghavam}, %{citrazAkA7pUpa-bhakSya-vikAra-kriyA}, %{pAnaka-rasarAgA7sava-yojanam}, %{sUcIvApa-karma}, %{vINA-Dama-ruka-sUtra-krIDA}, %{prahelikA}, %{pratimA}, %{durvacakayogAH}, %{pustaka-vAcanam}, %{nATakA7khyAyikA-darzanam}, %{kAvya-samasyA-pUraNam}, %{paTTikA-vetrabANa-vikalpAH}, %{tarkU-karmANi}, %{takSaNam}, %{vAstu-vidyA}, %{rUpya-ratna-parIkSA}, %{dhAtu-vAdaH}, %{maNi-rAga-jJAnam}, %{Akara-jJAnam}, %{vRkSA7yur-veda-yogAH}, %{meSa-kukkuTa-lAvaka-yuddha-vidhiH}, %{zuka-sArikA-pralApanam}, %{utsAdanam}, %{keza-mArjana-kauzalam}, %{akSara-muSTikA-kathanam}, %{mlechitaka-vikalpAH}, %{deza-bhASA-jJAnam}, %{puSpa-zakaTikA-nimitta-jJAnam}, %{yantra-mAtRkA}, %{dhAraNa-mAtRkA}, %{saMpATyam}, %{mAnasI@kAvya-kriyA}, %{kriyA-vikalpAH}, %{chalitakayogAH}, %{abhidhAna-koSa-cchando-jJAnam}, %{vastra-gopanAni}, %{dyUta-vizeSaH}, %{AkarSaNa-krIDA}, %{bAlaka-krIDanakAni}, %{vainAyikInAM@vidyANAM@jJAnam}, %{vaijayikInAM@vidyAnAM@jJAnam} [261,2]

see also Va1tsy. i, 3, 17) R. Pan5cat. Bhartr2. &c.

skill, ingenuity

ignorance

a low and sweet tone Ba1lar.

a boat

a N. given to Da1ksha1yan2i1 in the region near the river Candrabha1ga1 MatsyaP.

N. of a grammatical commentary.
कलश (kalaśa) (kalaśa)
m. (n. L.) a waterpot, pitcher, jar, dish RV. &c. S3ak. Hit. &c. (the breasts of a woman are frequently compared to jars cf. %{stana-k-} and %{kumbha})

m. a butter-tub, churn MBh.

a particular measure (= %{droNa}) S3a1rn3gS.

a round pinnacle on the top of a temple (esp. the pinnacle crowning a Buddhist Caitya or Stu1pa) Ka1d.

N. of a man RV. x, 32, 9

of a poet

of a Na1ga MBh. v

(%{I}) f. a pitcher &c. Ba1lar.

a churn

Hemionitis cordifolia Sus3r.

N. of a Ti1rtha MBh.

[cf. Gk. $

Lat. {calix}.]
कलह (kalaha) (kalaha)
1 m. (n. L.) strife, contention, quarrel, fight MBh. Mn. &c.

the sheath of a sword

a road, way W.

deceit, falsehood W.

violence without murderous weapons, abuse, beating, kicking W.

(%{A}) f. N. of a woman.2 Nom. P. %{kalahati}, to quarrel MBh. xii, 5349.
कलाप (kalāpa) (kalāpa)
(%{kalA7pa}, fr. %{Ap}) m. `" that which holds single parts together "', a bundle, band (cf. %{jaTA-k-}, %{muktA-k-}, %{razanA-k-}) MBh. Kum. &c.

a bundle of arrows, a quiver with arrows, quiver MBh. R. &c.

(once n. MBh. iii, 11454)

a peacock's tail MBh. Pan5cat. &c.

an ornament in general Ma1lav.

a zone, a string of bells (worn by women round the waist)

the rope round an elephant's neck

totality, whole body or collection of a number of separate things (esp. ifc.

cf. %{kriyA-k-}, &c.)

the moon

a clever and intelligent man

N. of a grammar also called Ka1tantra (supposed to be revealed by Ka1rttikeya to S3arvavarman)

N. of a village (cf. %{kalApa-grAma}) VP.

a poem written in one metre W.

(%{I}) f. a bundle of grass Ka1tyS3r. A1s3vS3r.

%{-khaJja} m. a particular disease (said to be St. Vitus's dance

v.l. %{kalAyakhaJja}) Bhpr.

%{-grAma} m. N. of a village Hariv. BhP. VP.

%{-cchanda} m. an ornament of pearls consisting of twenty-four strings

%{-tattvA7rNava} m. N. of a commentary on the grammar called Kala1pa

%{-dvIpa} m. v.l. for %{kalApa-grAma} above

%{-varman} m. N. of a man Ka1d.

%{-zas} ind. in bundles, bundle by bundle MBh. xiii

%{-ziras} m. N. of a man (v.l. %{kapAla-ziras}) R.
कलापिन् (kalāpin) (kalāpin)
(%{kalApin}) mfn. furnished with a bundle of arrows, bearing a quiver with arrows Ka1tyS3r. MBh.

spreading its tail (as a peacock) MBh. iii, 11585

(with %{kAla}, the time) when peacocks spread their tails Pa1n2. 4-3, 48

(%{I}) m. a peacock Ragh. Pan5cat. &c.

the Indian cuckoo

Ficus infectoria

N. of an ancient teacher Pa1n2. 4-3, 104

(%{inI}) f. a peahen S3atr.

night

the moon

a species of Cyperus L.
कलिका (kalikā) (kalikā)
f. the sixteenth part of the moon Bhartr2.

a division of time (= %{kalA} q.v.)

an unblown flower, bud S3ak. Ragh. &c.

the bottom or peg of the Indian lute (made of cane)

N. of several metres

a kind of artificial verse (cf. %{kAnta-k-})

N. of wk. on medicine. see p. 261, col. 3.
कलिकाता (kalikātā) (kalikātā)
f. the town Calcutta.
कलिङ्ग (kaliṅga) (kaliṅga)
%{As} m. pl.N. of a people and their country (the N. is applied in the Pura1n2as to several places, but especially signifies a district on the Coromandel coast, extending from below Cuttack [Kat2aka] to the vicinity of Madras) MBh. Hariv. VP. &c.

m. an inhabitant of Kalin3ga Sa1h.

N. of a king of Kalin3ga (from whom the Kalin3ga people are said to have originated

he is sometimes mentioned as a son of Di1rghatamas and Sudeshn2a1, sometimes identified with Bali) MBh. Hariv. &c.

N. of a being attending on Skanda MBh. (ed. Bomb.) ix, 45, 64 (v. l. %{kalinda} ed. Calc.)

N. of several authors

the fork-tailed shrike

Caesalpina Bonducella

Wrightia antidysenteria

Acacia Sirissa

Ficus infectoria

(%{A}) f. a beautiful woman

Opomea Turpethum

(%{am}) n. the seed of Wrightia antidysenteria Sus3r.

(mfn.) clever, cunning L.
कलेवर (kalevara) (kalevara)
%{as}, %{am} m. n. the body MBh. R. &c.

[cf. Lat. {cada1ver}]

m. Olibanum
कल्किन् (kalkin) (kalkin)
mfn. foul, turbid, having sediment, dirty W.

wicked W.

(%{I}) m. = %{kalki} above.
कल्प (kalpa) (kalpa)
1 mf(%{A})n. (%{klRp}), practicable, feasible, possible S3Br. ii, 4, 3, 3

proper, fit, able, competent, equal to (with gen. loc., inf., or ifc.

e.g. %{dharmasya@kalpaH}, competent for duty

%{svakarmaNi@na@kalpaH}, not competent for his own work

%{yadA@na@zAsituM@kalpaH}, if he is not able to rule) BhP.

m. a sacred precept, law, rule, ordinance (= %{vidhi}, %{nyAya}), manner of acting, proceeding, practice (esp. that prescribed by the Vedas) RV. ix, 9, 7 AV. viii, 9, 10

xx, 128, 6-11 MBh.

(%{prathamaH@kalpaH}, a rule to be observed before any other rule, first duty Mn. iii, 147 MBh. &c.

%{etena@kalpena}, in this way

cf. %{pazu-k-}, &c.)

the most complete of the six Veda1n3gas (that which prescribes the ritual and gives rules for ceremonial or sacrificial acts) Mun2d2Up. Pa1n2. &c.

one of two cases, one side of an argument, an alternative (= %{pakSa}

cf. %{vikalpa}) Sarvad.

investigation, research Comm. on Sa1m2khyak.

resolve, determination MW.

(in medic.) treatment of the sick, manner of curing Sus3r. ii

the art of preparing medicine, pharmacy Car.

the doctrine of poisons and antidotes Sus3r. i

(ifc.) having the manner or form of anything, similar to, resembling, like but with a degree of inferiority, almost (e.g. %{abhedya-kalpa}, almost impenetrable

cf. %{prabhAta-k-}, %{mRta-k-}, &c.

according to native grammarians, %{kalpa} so used is an accentless affix [Pa1n2. 5-3, 67], before which a final %{s} is left unchanged, and final %{I} and %{U} shortened Pa1n2. Vop.

%{kalpam} ind., may be also connected with a verb e.g. %{pacati-kalpam}, he cooks pretty well Ka1s3. on Pa1n2. 8-1, 57) [262,3]

a fabulous period of time (a day of Brahma1 or one thousand Yugas, a period of four thousand, three hundred and twenty millions of years of mortals, measuring the duration of the world

a month of Brahma1 is supposed to contain thirty such Kalpas

according to the MBh., twelve months of Brahma1 constitute his year, and one hundred such years his lifetime

fifty years of Brahma1's are supposed to have elapsed, and we are now in the %{zvetavArAha-kalpa} of the fifty-first

at the end of a Kalpa the world is annihilated

hence %{kalpa} is said to be equal to %{kalpA7nta} below

with Buddhists the Kalpas are not of equal duration) VP. BhP. Ra1jat. &c.

N. of Mantras which contain a form of %{klRp} TS. v S3Br. ix

a kind of dance

N. of the first astrological mansion VarBr2S.

N. of a son of Dhruva and Bhrami BhP. iv, 10, 1

of S3iva MBh. xii, 10368

the tree of paradise

= %{-taru} below

(with Jainas) a particular abode of deities (cf. %{-bhava} and %{kalpA7tIta} below)

(%{am}) n. a kind of intoxicating liquor (incorrect for %{kalya}) L.
कल्पन (kalpana) (kalpana)
n. forming, fashioning, making, performing

`" forming in the imagination, inventing "', composition of a poem Prab.

cutting, clipping, working with edge-tools VarBr2S.

N. of a religious ceremony

anything put on for ornament MBh. xiii, 2784

(%{A}) f. making, manufacturing, preparing Sus3r. BhP.

practice Car.

fixing, settling, arranging Mn. ix, 116 Ya1jn5.

creating in the mind, feigning, assuming anything to be real, fiction KapS. &c.

hypothesis Nya1yam.

caparisoning an elephant Das3.

form, shape, image

a deed, work, act Mr2icch.

(%{I}) f. a pair of scissors or shears L.
कल्पित (kalpita) (kalpita)
mfn. made, fabricated, artificial

composed, invented

performed, prepared

assumed, supposed

inferred

regulated, well arranged Ya1jn5.

having a particular rank or order MBh. Mn. ix, 166

caparisoned (as an elephant)

m. an elephant armed or caparisoned for war W.

(%{A}) f. a kind of allegory Va1m. iv, 2, 2.
कल्माष (kalmāṣa) (kalmāṣa)
mf(%{I})n. (Pa1n2. 4-1, 40 g. %{gaurA7di} Pa1n2. 4-1, 41) variegated, spotted, speckled with black VS. TS. S3Br. A1s3vGr2. MBh.

black

m. a variegated colour (partly black, partly white)

a Rakshas

a species of fragrant rice

N. of a Na1ga MBh.

a form of Agni Hariv.

N. of an attendant on the Sun (identified with Yama)

a kind of deer T.

N. of S3a1kya-muni in a former birth

(%{I}) f. the speckled cow (of Jamad-agni, granting all desires) MBh. R.

N. of a river (the Yamuna1) MBh. i, 6360

(%{am}) n. a stain S3Br. vi, 3, 1, 31 [263,2]

N. of a Sa1man.
कल्य (kalya) (kalya)
mf(%{A})n. (3. %{kal} T.) well, healthy, free from sickness (cf. %{a-k-} Gaut. ix, 28)

hale, vigorous MBh. ii, 347 Naish. Ya1jn5. i, 28

sound, perfect, strong MBh.

clever, dexterous

ready or prepared for (loc. or inf.) MBh.

agreeable, auspicious (as speech)

instructive, admonitory

deaf and dumb (cf. %{kala} and %{kalla})

(%{am}) n. health

dawn, morning

yesterday

(%{am}, %{e}) ind. at day-break, in the morning, tomorrow MBh. Nal. xxiv, 14 R. BhP.

(%{am}, %{A}) n. f. spirituous liquor(cf. %{kadambarI})

(%{A}) f. praise, eulogy T.

good wishes, good tidings

Emblic Myrobalan (%{harItakI} q.v.), [cf. Gk. $.] &81904[263,2]