कर्कट

See also: क्रिकेट

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• কৰ্কট (Assamese script)
• ᬓᬃᬓᬝ (Balinese script)
• কর্কট (Bengali script)
• 𑰎𑰨𑰿𑰎𑰘 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀓𑀭𑁆𑀓𑀝 (Brahmi script)
• ကရ်္ကဋ (Burmese script)
• કર્કટ (Gujarati script)
• ਕਰ੍ਕਟ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌕𑌰𑍍𑌕𑌟 (Grantha script)
• ꦏꦂꦏꦛ (Javanese script)
• 𑂍𑂩𑂹𑂍𑂗 (Kaithi script)
• ಕರ್ಕಟ (Kannada script)
• កក៌ដ (Khmer script)
• ກຣ຺ກຏ (Lao script)
• കര്കട (Malayalam script)
• ᡬᠠᡵᡬᠠᢞᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘎𑘨𑘿𑘎𑘘 (Modi script)
• ᢉᠠᠷᢉᠠᢌᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦮𑧈𑧠𑦮𑦸 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐎𑐬𑑂𑐎𑐚 (Newa script)
• କର୍କଟ (Odia script)
• ꢒꢬ꣄ꢒꢜ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆑𑆫𑇀𑆑𑆛 (Sharada script)
• 𑖎𑖨𑖿𑖎𑖘 (Siddham script)
• කර්‍කට (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩜𑩼 𑪙𑩜𑩦 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚊𑚤𑚶𑚊𑚔 (Takri script)
• கர்கட (Tamil script)
• కర్కట (Telugu script)
• กรฺกฏ (Thai script)
• ཀ་རྐ་ཊ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒏𑒩𑓂𑒏𑒙 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨋𑨫𑩇𑨋𑨔 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *karkartas, according to Pokorny, related to कर्कर (karkara, “hard”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂er- (“hard”) (see also Welsh crach (“crust”), Proto-Slavic *rakъ (“crayfish”)). Latin cancer and Ancient Greek καρκίνος (karkínos, “crab”) could also be related, but this is uncertain.

More likely from a substrate language, and possibly cognate with Santali ᱠᱟᱴᱠᱚᱢ (kaṭkôm); however, this is uncertain, as the latter could also be from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₁aam. However, the Santali word is definitely not borrowed from Sanskrit; and a borrowing from Munda languages into Sanskrit is not verifiable.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /kɐɾ.kɐ.ʈɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈkɐɾ.kɐ.ʈɐ/

Noun

कर्कट • (karkaṭa) stem, m

1. crab
2. (astrology) the sign Cancer
3. a particular bird
4. (botany) name of several plants (clarification of this definition is needed)
5. the fibrous root of a plant
6. the curved end of the beam of a balance (to which the strings supporting the scale are attached)
7. a pair of compasses in a particular position
8. a particular position of the hands
9. a kind of fever
10. a kind of coitus

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of कर्कट (karkaṭa)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	कर्कटः karkaṭaḥ	कर्कटौ / कर्कटा¹ karkaṭau / karkaṭā¹	कर्कटाः / कर्कटासः¹ karkaṭāḥ / karkaṭāsaḥ¹
Vocative	कर्कट karkaṭa	कर्कटौ / कर्कटा¹ karkaṭau / karkaṭā¹	कर्कटाः / कर्कटासः¹ karkaṭāḥ / karkaṭāsaḥ¹
Accusative	कर्कटम् karkaṭam	कर्कटौ / कर्कटा¹ karkaṭau / karkaṭā¹	कर्कटान् karkaṭān
Instrumental	कर्कटेन karkaṭena	कर्कटाभ्याम् karkaṭābhyām	कर्कटैः / कर्कटेभिः¹ karkaṭaiḥ / karkaṭebhiḥ¹
Dative	कर्कटाय karkaṭāya	कर्कटाभ्याम् karkaṭābhyām	कर्कटेभ्यः karkaṭebhyaḥ
Ablative	कर्कटात् karkaṭāt	कर्कटाभ्याम् karkaṭābhyām	कर्कटेभ्यः karkaṭebhyaḥ
Genitive	कर्कटस्य karkaṭasya	कर्कटयोः karkaṭayoḥ	कर्कटानाम् karkaṭānām
Locative	कर्कटे karkaṭe	कर्कटयोः karkaṭayoḥ	कर्कटेषु karkaṭeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Descendants of कर्कट

• Dardic:
  • Tirahi: [script needed] (kaṅgarā́)
• Southern:
  • Helu Prakrit:
    • Sinhalese: කකුළුවා (kakuḷuwā)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀓𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟 (kakkaḍa)
    • Old Marathi:
      • Marathi: खेकडा (khekḍā)
• Eastern:
  • Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀓𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟 (kakkaḍa)
    • Early Assamese: কাঙ্কৰা (kaṅkora)
      • Middle Assamese: কঁকৰা (kõkora)
        • Assamese: কেঁকোৰা (kẽküra), কাঁক্ৰা (kãkra) (Kamrupi dialect)
      • → Bodo (India): खांख्राय (kangkray)
      • → Dimasa: khangkrai
    • Old Bengali: কাংকডা (kāṃkaḍā)
      • Middle Bengali: কাঁকড়া (kãkoṛa)
        • Bengali: কাঁকড়া (kãkṛa)
    • Kamta: কাঁকৰা (kãkora)
    • Odia: କାଂକଡ଼ା (kāṅkaṛā), କାକାଡ଼ା (kākāṛā)
    • Sylheti: ꠇꠣꠇꠠꠣ (xaxoṛa)
• Pali: kakkaṭaka
  • → Khmer: កក្កដា (kakkaʼdaa)
• Central:
  • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟 (kakkaḍa)
    • Hindustani:
      • Hindi: केकड़ (kekaṛ), केकड़ा (kekṛā)
      • Urdu: کےکَڑ (kekaṛ), کیکڑا
    • Punjabi: ਕੇਕੜਾ (kekṛā)
      • Lahnda: [script needed] (kakkaṛ)
• Western:
  • Sindhi:
    • Devanagari script: केकड़ो
    • Arabic script: ڪڪڙ
• → Bengali: কর্কট (korkoṭ)
• → Dhivehi: ކަރުކަށަ (karukaṣa)
• → Telugu: కర్కటము (karkaṭamu)
• → Thai: กรกฎ (gɔɔ-rá-gòt)
• → Tibetan: ཀརྐ་ཊ (krka ṭa)
• → Burmese: ကရကဋ် (ka.ra.kat)
• → Classical Newar: कखडि
  • Newar: कःलि (ka:li)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “कर्कट”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0256.
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag