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ओषधि

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Sanskrit

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Alternative scripts

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Etymology

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Of unclear origin. The latter component, धि (dhi), is likely derived from the root धा (dhā, to put, place). The former component, ओष् (oṣ), has been subject to vigorous debate and multiple competing theories:

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ओषधि (óṣadhi) stemf

  1. an herb, plant, especially a medicinal herb
    • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.83.5:
      यस्य॑ व्र॒ते पृ॑थि॒वी नन्न॑मीति॒ यस्य॑ व्र॒ते श॒फव॒ज्जर्भु॑रीति।
      यस्य॑ व्र॒त ओष॑धीर्वि॒श्वरू॑पा॒: स न॑: पर्जन्य॒ महि॒ शर्म॑ यच्छ॥
      yásya vraté pṛthivī́ nánnamīti yásya vraté śaphávajjárbhurīti.
      yásya vratá óṣadhīrviśvárūpā: sá na: parjanya máhi śárma yaccha.
      Do you, Parjanya, through whose function the earth is bowed down; through whose function hoofed cattle thrive; through whose function plants assume all kinds of forms, grant us great felicity.
  2. an annual plant or herb (which dies after becoming ripe)
  3. a remedy in general

Declension

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Feminine i-stem declension of ओषधि (óṣadhi)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ओषधिः
óṣadhiḥ
ओषधी
óṣadhī
ओषधयः
óṣadhayaḥ
Vocative ओषधे
óṣadhe
ओषधी
óṣadhī
ओषधयः
óṣadhayaḥ
Accusative ओषधिम्
óṣadhim
ओषधी
óṣadhī
ओषधीः
óṣadhīḥ
Instrumental ओषध्या / ओषधी¹
óṣadhyā / óṣadhī¹
ओषधिभ्याम्
óṣadhibhyām
ओषधिभिः
óṣadhibhiḥ
Dative ओषधये / ओषध्यै² / ओषधी¹
óṣadhaye / óṣadhyai² / óṣadhī¹
ओषधिभ्याम्
óṣadhibhyām
ओषधिभ्यः
óṣadhibhyaḥ
Ablative ओषधेः / ओषध्याः² / ओषध्यै³
óṣadheḥ / óṣadhyāḥ² / óṣadhyai³
ओषधिभ्याम्
óṣadhibhyām
ओषधिभ्यः
óṣadhibhyaḥ
Genitive ओषधेः / ओषध्याः² / ओषध्यै³
óṣadheḥ / óṣadhyāḥ² / óṣadhyai³
ओषध्योः
óṣadhyoḥ
ओषधीनाम्
óṣadhīnām
Locative ओषधौ / ओषध्याम्² / ओषधा¹
óṣadhau / óṣadhyām² / óṣadhā¹
ओषध्योः
óṣadhyoḥ
ओषधिषु
óṣadhiṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
  • ²Later Sanskrit
  • ³Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

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  • Old Javanese: oṣadhi
    • Balinese: ᬑᬱᬥᬶ (osadi)

References

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  • Monier Williams (1899) “ओषधि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, [], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 236/1.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 282
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎[2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 133