उपयोग

See also: उपयोगी

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit उपयोग (upayoga).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʊp.joːɡ/

Noun

उपयोग • (upyog) m (Urdu spelling اُپْیوگ)

1. application, use, utilisation

   Synonym: इस्तेमाल (istemāl)

Declension

Declension of उपयोग (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	उपयोग upyog	उपयोग upyog
oblique	उपयोग upyog	उपयोगों upyogõ
vocative	उपयोग upyog	उपयोगो upyogo

Derived terms

• उपयोग करना (upyog karnā)

Marathi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit उपयोग (upayoga). First attested as Old Marathi 𑘄𑘢𑘹𑘐 (upega).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /u.pə.joɡ/

Noun

उपयोग • (upayog) m

1. use

   Synonym: वापर (vāpar)

Declension

Declension of उपयोग (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	उपयोग upayog
direct plural	उपयोग upayog
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	उपयोग upayog		उपयोग upayog
oblique सामान्यरूप	उपयोगा upayogā		उपयोगां- upayogān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	उपयोगाला upayogālā		उपयोगांना upayogānnā
ergative	उपयोगाने, उपयोगानं upayogāne, upayogāna		उपयोगांनी upayogānnī
instrumental	उपयोगाशी upayogāśī		उपयोगांशी upayogānśī
locative सप्तमी	उपयोगात upayogāt		उपयोगांत upayogāt
vocative संबोधन	उपयोगा upayogā		उपयोगांनो upayogānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of उपयोग (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	उपयोगाचा upayogāċā	उपयोगाचे upayogāċe	उपयोगाची upayogācī	उपयोगाच्या upayogācā	उपयोगाचे, उपयोगाचं upayogāċe, upayogāċa	उपयोगाची upayogācī	उपयोगाच्या upayogācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	उपयोगांचा upayogānċā	उपयोगांचे upayogānċe	उपयोगांची upayogāñcī	उपयोगांच्या upayogāncā	उपयोगांचे, उपयोगांचं upayogānċe, upayogānċa	उपयोगांची upayogāñcī	उपयोगांच्या upayogāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “उपयोग”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “उपयोग”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “उपयोग”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
• दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “उपयोग”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• উপয়োগ (Assamese script)
• ᬉᬧᬬᭀᬕ (Balinese script)
• উপয়োগ (Bengali script)
• 𑰄𑰢𑰧𑰺𑰐 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀉𑀧𑀬𑁄𑀕 (Brahmi script)
• ဥပယောဂ (Burmese script)
• ઉપયોગ (Gujarati script)
• ਉਪਯੋਗ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌉𑌪𑌯𑍋𑌗 (Grantha script)
• ꦈꦥꦪꦺꦴꦒ (Javanese script)
• 𑂇𑂣𑂨𑂷𑂏 (Kaithi script)
• ಉಪಯೋಗ (Kannada script)
• ឧបយោគ (Khmer script)
• ອຸປໂຍຄ (Lao script)
• ഉപയോഗ (Malayalam script)
• ᡠᢒᠠᠶᠣᡤᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘄𑘢𑘧𑘻𑘐 (Modi script)
• ᠤᢒᠠᠶ᠋ᠣᠸᠠᠺᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦤𑧂𑧇𑧜𑦰 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐄𑐥𑐫𑑀𑐐 (Newa script)
• ଉପଯୋଗ (Odia script)
• ꢆꢦꢫꣂꢔ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆇𑆥𑆪𑆾𑆓 (Sharada script)
• 𑖄𑖢𑖧𑖺𑖐 (Siddham script)
• උපයොග (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩒𑩰𑩻𑩕𑩞 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚄𑚞𑚣𑚴𑚌 (Takri script)
• உபயோக³ (Tamil script)
• ఉపయోగ (Telugu script)
• อุปโยค (Thai script)
• ཨུ་པ་ཡོ་ག (Tibetan script)
• 𑒅𑒣𑒨𑒼𑒑 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨃𑨞𑨪𑨆𑨍 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

उप- (upa-) +‎ योग (yoga)

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /u.pɐ.jɐw.ɡɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /u.pɐ.joː.ɡɐ/

Noun

उपयोग • (upayoga) stem, m

1. use, utility, application
2. conduct
3. analysis
4. calculation
5. enjoyment
6. consuming
7. suitableness
8. fitness
9. food

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of उपयोग

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	उपयोगः (upayogaḥ)	उपयोगौ (upayogau) उपयोगा¹ (upayogā¹)	उपयोगाः (upayogāḥ) उपयोगासः¹ (upayogāsaḥ¹)
vocative	उपयोग (upayoga)	उपयोगौ (upayogau) उपयोगा¹ (upayogā¹)	उपयोगाः (upayogāḥ) उपयोगासः¹ (upayogāsaḥ¹)
accusative	उपयोगम् (upayogam)	उपयोगौ (upayogau) उपयोगा¹ (upayogā¹)	उपयोगान् (upayogān)
instrumental	उपयोगेन (upayogena)	उपयोगाभ्याम् (upayogābhyām)	उपयोगैः (upayogaiḥ) उपयोगेभिः¹ (upayogebhiḥ¹)
dative	उपयोगाय (upayogāya)	उपयोगाभ्याम् (upayogābhyām)	उपयोगेभ्यः (upayogebhyaḥ)
ablative	उपयोगात् (upayogāt)	उपयोगाभ्याम् (upayogābhyām)	उपयोगेभ्यः (upayogebhyaḥ)
genitive	उपयोगस्य (upayogasya)	उपयोगयोः (upayogayoḥ)	उपयोगानाम् (upayogānām)
locative	उपयोगे (upayoge)	उपयोगयोः (upayogayoḥ)	उपयोगेषु (upayogeṣu)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Old Marathi: 𑘄𑘢𑘹𑘐 (upega), 𑘄𑘢𑘹𑘎 (upeka)
• → Hindi: उपयोग (upyog) (learned)
• → Kannada: ಉಪಯೋಗ (upayōga) (learned)
• → Malayalam: ഉപയോഗം (upayōgaṁ) (learned)
• → Tamil: உபயோகம் (upayōkam) (learned)

References

• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “उपयोगः”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
• Monier Williams (1899) “उपयोग”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page उपयोग, 204, column 2.