कलह

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit कलह (kalaha).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /kə.ləɦ/, [kɐ.lɛʱ]

Noun

कलह • (kalah) m

1. conflict, strife, squabble

   Synonyms: झगड़ा (jhagṛā), लड़ाई (laṛāī)

Declension

Declension of कलह (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	कलह kalah	कलह kalah
oblique	कलह kalah	कलहों kalahõ
vocative	कलह kalah	कलहो kalaho

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• kalaha (Latin script)
• 𑀓𑀮𑀳 (Brahmi script)
• কলহ (Bengali script)
• කලහ (Sinhalese script)
• ကလဟ or ၵလႁ (Burmese script)
• กลห or กะละหะ (Thai script)
• ᨠᩃᩉ (Tai Tham script)
• ກລຫ or ກະລະຫະ (Lao script)
• កលហ (Khmer script)
• 𑄇𑄣𑄦 (Chakma script)

Noun

कलह m

1. Devanagari script form of kalaha (“quarrel”)

Declension

Declension table of "कलह" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	कलहो (kalaho)	कलहा (kalahā)
Accusative (second)	कलहं (kalahaṃ)	कलहे (kalahe)
Instrumental (third)	कलहेन (kalahena)	कलहेहि (kalahehi) or कलहेभि (kalahebhi)
Dative (fourth)	कलहस्स (kalahassa) or कलहाय (kalahāya) or कलहत्थं (kalahatthaṃ)	कलहानं (kalahānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	कलहस्मा (kalahasmā) or कलहम्हा (kalahamhā) or कलहा (kalahā)	कलहेहि (kalahehi) or कलहेभि (kalahebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	कलहस्स (kalahassa)	कलहानं (kalahānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	कलहस्मिं (kalahasmiṃ) or कलहम्हि (kalahamhi) or कलहे (kalahe)	कलहेसु (kalahesu)
Vocative (calling)	कलह (kalaha)	कलहा (kalahā)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• কলহ (Assamese script)
• ᬓᬮᬳ (Balinese script)
• কলহ (Bengali script)
• 𑰎𑰩𑰮 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀓𑀮𑀳 (Brahmi script)
• ကလဟ (Burmese script)
• કલહ (Gujarati script)
• ਕਲਹ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌕𑌲𑌹 (Grantha script)
• ꦏꦭꦲ (Javanese script)
• 𑂍𑂪𑂯 (Kaithi script)
• ಕಲಹ (Kannada script)
• កលហ (Khmer script)
• ກລຫ (Lao script)
• കലഹ (Malayalam script)
• ᡬᠠᠯᠠᡥᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘎𑘩𑘮 (Modi script)
• ᢉᠠᠯᠠᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦮𑧉𑧎 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐎𑐮𑐴 (Newa script)
• କଲହ (Odia script)
• ꢒꢭꢲ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆑𑆬𑆲 (Sharada script)
• 𑖎𑖩𑖮 (Siddham script)
• කලහ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩜𑩽𑪂 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚊𑚥𑚩 (Takri script)
• கலஹ (Tamil script)
• కలహ (Telugu script)
• กลห (Thai script)
• ཀ་ལ་ཧ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒏𑒪𑒯 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨋𑨬𑨱 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Borrowed from Dravidian; ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *kalac- (“to quarrel”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /kɐ.lɐ.ɦɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈkɐ.l̪ɐ.ɦɐ/

Noun

कलह • (kalaha) stem, m

1. strife, contention, quarrel, fight
2. the sheath of a sword
3. a road, way
4. deceit, falsehood
5. violence without murderous weapons, abuse, beating, kicking

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of कलह (kalaha)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	कलहः kalahaḥ	कलहौ / कलहा¹ kalahau / kalahā¹	कलहाः / कलहासः¹ kalahāḥ / kalahāsaḥ¹
Vocative	कलह kalaha	कलहौ / कलहा¹ kalahau / kalahā¹	कलहाः / कलहासः¹ kalahāḥ / kalahāsaḥ¹
Accusative	कलहम् kalaham	कलहौ / कलहा¹ kalahau / kalahā¹	कलहान् kalahān
Instrumental	कलहेन kalahena	कलहाभ्याम् kalahābhyām	कलहैः / कलहेभिः¹ kalahaiḥ / kalahebhiḥ¹
Dative	कलहाय kalahāya	कलहाभ्याम् kalahābhyām	कलहेभ्यः kalahebhyaḥ
Ablative	कलहात् kalahāt	कलहाभ्याम् kalahābhyām	कलहेभ्यः kalahebhyaḥ
Genitive	कलहस्य kalahasya	कलहयोः kalahayoḥ	कलहानाम् kalahānām
Locative	कलहे kalahe	कलहयोः kalahayoḥ	कलहेषु kalaheṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Related terms

• कलहति (kalahati, “to quarrel”)

Descendants

• Pali: kalaha
• Prakrit: 𑀓𑀮𑀳 (kalaha)
  • Eastern:
    • Assamese: কলৌ (kolou)
  • Northwestern:
    • Sindhi: karahĩ

      Arabic script: ڪَرَهِن

      Devanagari script: करहिं

  • Southern:
    • Marathi: कळ्हो (kaḷho)
    • Sinhalese: කලා (kalā)
  • Western:
    • Gujarati: કળૌ (kaḷau)

Borrowed terms

• → Assamese: কলহ (koloh) (learned)
• → Hindustani:
  • Hindi: कलह
  • Urdu: کَلَہَ
• → Bengali: কলহ (koloho) (learned)
• → Maithili: कलह (kalah) (learned)
• → Nepali: कलह (kalaha) (learned)
• → Odia: କଳହ (kaḷaha)
• → Sinhalese: කලහ (kalaha) (learned)

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899) “कलह”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 261/1.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 321
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[2] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 180
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kalaha”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press