कर्ण
Hindi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Sanskrit कर्ण (karṇa). Doublet of कान (kān), a tadbhava.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]कर्ण • (karṇ) m (Urdu spelling کرن)
- (anatomy, uncommon) ear
- Synonym: कान (kān)
- (geometry, trigonometry) hypotenuse
- (nautical) helm, rudder
Declension
[edit]References
[edit]- Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “कर्ण”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House
Marathi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Sanskrit कर्ण (karṇa). Doublet of कान (kān), a tadbhava.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]कर्ण • (karṇa) m
- (anatomy, uncommon) ear
- (geometry) hypotenuse
Declension
[edit]Declension of कर्ण (masc cons-stem) | |||
---|---|---|---|
direct singular |
कर्ण karṇ | ||
direct plural |
कर्ण karṇ | ||
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
nominative प्रथमा |
कर्ण karṇ |
कर्ण karṇ | |
oblique सामान्यरूप |
कर्णा karṇā |
कर्णां- karṇān- | |
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
कर्णाला karṇālā |
कर्णांना karṇānnā | |
ergative | कर्णाने, कर्णानं karṇāne, karṇāna |
कर्णांनी karṇānnī | |
instrumental | कर्णाशी karṇāśī |
कर्णांशी karṇānśī | |
locative सप्तमी |
कर्णात karṇāt |
कर्णांत karṇāt | |
vocative संबोधन |
कर्णा karṇā |
कर्णांनो karṇānno | |
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. |
Genitive declension of कर्ण (masc cons-stem) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
कर्णाचा karṇāċā |
कर्णाचे karṇāċe |
कर्णाची karṇācī |
कर्णाच्या karṇācā |
कर्णाचे, कर्णाचं karṇāċe, karṇāċa |
कर्णाची karṇācī |
कर्णाच्या karṇācā | |
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
कर्णांचा karṇānċā |
कर्णांचे karṇānċe |
कर्णांची karṇāñcī |
कर्णांच्या karṇāncā |
कर्णांचे, कर्णांचं karṇānċe, karṇānċa |
कर्णांची karṇāñcī |
कर्णांच्या karṇāñcā | |
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. |
Derived terms
[edit]- कर्णधार (karṇadhār)
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]- কৰ্ণ (Assamese script)
- ᬓᬃᬡ (Balinese script)
- কর্ণ (Bengali script)
- 𑰎𑰨𑰿𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀓𑀭𑁆𑀡 (Brahmi script)
- ကရ်္ဏ (Burmese script)
- કર્ણ (Gujarati script)
- ਕਰ੍ਣ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌕𑌰𑍍𑌣 (Grantha script)
- ꦏꦂꦟ (Javanese script)
- 𑂍𑂩𑂹𑂝 (Kaithi script)
- ಕರ್ಣ (Kannada script)
- កណ៌ (Khmer script)
- ກຣ຺ຓ (Lao script)
- കര്ണ (Malayalam script)
- ᡬᠠᡵᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘎𑘨𑘿𑘜 (Modi script)
- ᢉᠠᠷᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦮𑧈𑧠𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐎𑐬𑑂𑐞 (Newa script)
- କର୍ଣ (Odia script)
- ꢒꢬ꣄ꢠ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆑𑆫𑇀𑆟 (Sharada script)
- 𑖎𑖨𑖿𑖜 (Siddham script)
- කර්ණ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩜𑩼 𑪙𑩪 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚊𑚤𑚶𑚘 (Takri script)
- கர்ண (Tamil script)
- కర్ణ (Telugu script)
- กรฺณ (Thai script)
- ཀ་རྞ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒏𑒩𑓂𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨋𑨫𑩇𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]Of uncertain origin.
Likely related to Persian کر (kar, “deaf”), and perhaps to Old Church Slavonic крънъ (krŭnŭ, “mutilated (esp. of the ears and nose)”); however, Fraenkel's presupposition that "defect of the ear" was the original meaning of the common root and that Sanskrit later developed the more basal meaning of "ear" from the "defect" meaning is suspect.
Pischel takes the original meaning as "point, spike"; under this view, कर्णक (karṇaka, “lateral protrusion; fork”) could be related. However, a convincing etymological path for this has not been found.
Zupitsa connects this with Russian Church Slavonic črĕnъ, from a common root meaning "handle, grip".
Finally, others have connected this word to शृणोति (śṛṇóti, “to listen, hear”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]कर्ण • (kárṇa) stem, m
- (anatomy) ear
- (nautical) the handle or ear of a vessel
- (nautical) the helm or rudder of a ship
- (geometry) the hypotenuse of a triangle or the diagonal of a quadrilateral
- diameter (of a circle)
- (prosody) spondee
Declension
[edit]singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | कर्णः (karṇaḥ) | कर्णौ (karṇau) कर्णा¹ (karṇā¹) |
कर्णाः (karṇāḥ) कर्णासः¹ (karṇāsaḥ¹) |
vocative | कर्ण (karṇa) | कर्णौ (karṇau) कर्णा¹ (karṇā¹) |
कर्णाः (karṇāḥ) कर्णासः¹ (karṇāsaḥ¹) |
accusative | कर्णम् (karṇam) | कर्णौ (karṇau) कर्णा¹ (karṇā¹) |
कर्णान् (karṇān) |
instrumental | कर्णेन (karṇena) | कर्णाभ्याम् (karṇābhyām) | कर्णैः (karṇaiḥ) कर्णेभिः¹ (karṇebhiḥ¹) |
dative | कर्णाय (karṇāya) | कर्णाभ्याम् (karṇābhyām) | कर्णेभ्यः (karṇebhyaḥ) |
ablative | कर्णात् (karṇāt) | कर्णाभ्याम् (karṇābhyām) | कर्णेभ्यः (karṇebhyaḥ) |
genitive | कर्णस्य (karṇasya) | कर्णयोः (karṇayoḥ) | कर्णानाम् (karṇānām) |
locative | कर्णे (karṇe) | कर्णयोः (karṇayoḥ) | कर्णेषु (karṇeṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]कर्ण • (karṇa) stem, m
Declension
[edit]singular | |
---|---|
nominative | कर्णः (karṇaḥ) |
vocative | कर्ण (karṇa) |
accusative | कर्णम् (karṇam) |
instrumental | कर्णेन (karṇena) |
dative | कर्णाय (karṇāya) |
ablative | कर्णात् (karṇāt) |
genitive | कर्णस्य (karṇasya) |
locative | कर्णे (karṇe) |
References
[edit]- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “karna”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 144
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 314-315
- Monier Williams (1899) “कर्ण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 256, column 2.
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