Appendix:Taghbach word list

The Taghbach (Tabghach) word list below contains reconstructed Taghbach words by Shimunek (2017).

Notation

Forms reconstructed using the comparative method are marked with one asterisk (*), while forms reconstructed according to the Chinese fanqie spellings and/or rhymes of the traditional Chinese philological tradition are marked with two asterisks (**) (originally marked as ✩ by Shimunek 2017).

Abbreviations include:

• CSM (Common Serbi-Mongolic)
• NEMC (northern Early Middle Chinese)
• and others

Classification

Shimunek (2017) classifies Taghbach as part of a Serbi-Mongolic language family that he has proposed. Serbi-Mongolic has two primary branches, Mongolic and Serbi-Awar (or "para-Mongolic" in other classifications).

• Serbi-Mongolic (Common Serbi-Mongolic)
  • Mongolic
  • Serbi-Awar
    • Awar (Avar) (Wu-huan 烏桓 or Wu-wan 烏丸)
    • Old Serbi (Common Serbi)
      • Ch’i-fu/Qifu 乞伏 (northern Early Middle Chinese/NEMC *kʰɨrbuwk)
      • Tuan/Duan 段 (NEMC *dɔr̃)
      • Taghbach
      • T’u-yü-hun (Mu-jung/Murong 慕容)
      • Kitanic (Yü-wen/Yuwen 宇文)
        • Old Kitan
        • Qay 奚 (NEMC *ɣay)
        • Shirwi proper 室韋 (*širwi/*širβi < *serbi 鮮卑 'Xianbei')

Morphology

Taghbach (reconstructed form)	Taghbach (original transcription)	English gloss	Original Chinese gloss	notes
*-A(y) ~ *ʁa(y)		verbal noun suffix		< CSM
*-Al ~ *-l		deverbal noun suffix		< CSM
**čɪ ~ **či		suffix denoting occupations		< CSM
**-mɔr/-mʊr	萬	deverbal noun suffix		< CSM
**-n		plural suffix		< CSM

Note that Taghbach, like Mongolian and Manchu, has suffixing morphology.

Lexicon

Taghbach (reconstructed form)	Taghbach (original transcription)	English gloss	Original Chinese gloss	notes
*agyɪl ~ *agɪl	屋引	house	房	< CSM
**âɦaɨyʁčɪn	烏矮真	External Attendants	外左右
*/bʊrčɪn/ (phonemic), *[bʊčɪn] (phonetic)	附真	nobles who prepare food	貴人作食人	< CSM
*čarʁʊyčɪn	折潰真	people who send out and receive accusations on behalf of the ruler	為主出受	< CSM
*čʰɪrqañ	叱干	a kind of artemisia	薛	< CSM
*čʰɪrnɔ	叱奴	wolf	狼	< CSM
**čʰɪrʊ	叱盧	invoke, praying	祝
*čʰur ~ *čʰʊr	出連	hand net	畢	< CSM
**darbǝl/**dalbǝl/**dǝrbǝl/**dǝlbǝl (?)	達勃	robe	褒	cf. WMgl debel ~ degel ‘robe’
**dɪʁa	地何	writing, book, document	書	< **dɪ- (地) ‘to write’ (< Common Serbi *dɪ- ~ *tɪ- ‘write’ ← 書 LOC dial. *tɨ- ‘to write’)
**digčin	直真	Internal Attendants	内左右
*dʊqʊ	獨孤	battle-axe	劉
**dźuwʁbiarkɔr̃	受別官	feudal lords	諸侯
*gir	其連	sandal cord	綦	< CSM
**ɣʊr/ldʊli ~ **ɣʊr/ldʊlig	紇豆陵	hole, drain	竇	cf. Middle Mongol quduq ‘well’
**ɣyam	鹹	relay route	驛	< CSM
**ɣyamčɪn	鹹真	people who ride along the relay route through all provinces	諸州乘驛人	< CSM
**ɦatśir̃	阿真	food	飲食
**ɦirlǝgbɔr	俟力伐	abalone	鮑
*ɦorbǝl	嗢盆	warmth	溫	< *ɦorb-ǝl/*ɦorbǝ-l < *ɦorb-/*ɦorbǝ- ‘be warm’ < CSM
*ɦɔray	寃賴	going	就	i.e. *ɦɔr-ay < *ɦɔr- ‘go’ < CSM
**ɦʊgñag	郁若	Two Thousand Bushel Official	二千石
*ɦʊrʁay	紇奚	cultivation	􂳯 for 稽	i.e. *ɦʊrg-ay < *ɦʊrg- ‘cultivate’ < CSM
*ɪrgɪn	俟懃	above, superior	尚	← Central Eurasian Kulturwort
*ɪrgɪn **diʁa/**dɪʁa	俟懃地何	imperial secretary	尚書
**kʰɪl-	(?)	speak		as in **kʰɪlmɔrčɪn ‘interpreters’
**kʰɪlmɔrčɪn/**kʰɪlmʊrčɪn	乞萬真	interpreters	通事人	< CSM
**kʰɪr-	契	to kill someone	殺人	< CSM
**kʰɪʁkɪr̃	去斤	mugwort	艾
**kʰɪrʁayčɪn	契害真	assassins	殺人者	< CSM
*mʊdɪ	莫堤	prefect	刺史	< CSM
*ñaqañ	若干	dog	苟 for 狗	< CSM
**ñakkʰʊʁyɪr̃	若口引	bandit	寇
*pary-al	拔列	bridge	梁	< CSM
**pitəgčin/**bitəgčin	比德真	bureaucratic clerks	曹局文書史	cf. Old Turkic
**pʰatala	破多羅	rice water	潘	cf. LMK path L ~ pat L ‘rice field’
**pʰɔgdayčɪn	模大真	people responsible for clothing	檐衣人
*pʰɔr-	普	surround	周	< CSM
*pʰurtugčin	拂竹真	people who ride along the relay route		cf. WMgl örtegečin
*qaydʊlʊ	奚斗盧	Saka, Scythian	索盧
**qɔkʰɛyʁ ~ **qɔkɛy	和稽	sluggish	緩
*qɔw/*qəw	侯	pig, boar	亥	< CSM
**qʊrag	胡洛	weapons of war	仗	< CSM
**qʊragčɪn	胡洛真	people who carry weapons	帶仗人
**qʰaʁan	可寒	the imperial ancestors	皇祖先
**qʰaʁbagčɪn	可薄真	door guards	守門人	cf. Old Turkic
*qʰaʁsʊn	可孫	imperial consort	皇后
*qʰaʁtʊn	可敦	the imperial ancestral mothers	皇妣先
**tʰaʁ	托	dirt, soil, earth	土
*tʰʊʁnar	土難	mountain	山
**tʰʊʁay	吐奚	ancient	古
*uwl/*ʊwl	宥連	cloud	雲	< CSM
**yɨačin	羊真	The Three Dukes	三公貴人
*yirtʊqañ/*yirtʊqan	壹斗眷	bright	明
*žirpəŋ	是賁	raised earth, embankment	封	< CSM
**žiʁlʊ	是樓	high, tall	高