模

模	U+6A21, 模 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6A21

Translingual

Stroke order
Mainland China and Japan

Han character

模 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+10, 14 (Mainland China, Japan), 15 (Hong Kong) strokes, cangjie input 木廿日大 (DTAK), four-corner 4493₄, composition ⿰木莫)

Derived characters

𡃗, 𤂨, 𥀳

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 551, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15453
Dae Jaweon: page 939, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1261, character 9
Unihan data for U+6A21

Chinese

trad.		模
simp. ^#		模

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 模
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (莫) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蟆	*mraː
鬕	*mraːɡs
饃	*maːl
模	*maː
摸	maː, maːɡ
嫫	*maː
謨	*maː
膜	maː, maːɡ
摹	*maː
暮	*maːɡs
慕	*maːɡs
募	*maːɡs
墓	*maːɡs
慔	*maːɡs
莫	*maːɡ
寞	*maːɡ
漠	*maːɡ
幕	*maːɡ
鏌	*maːɡ
瘼	*maːɡ
鄚	*maːɡ
瞙	*maːɡ
嗼	maːɡ, mraːɡ
塻	*maːɡ
貘	*mraːɡ
驀	*mraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maː) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 莫 (OC *maːɡ).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mó (mo²)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mou⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mù
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bô͘ / mô͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): mo⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶mu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mó
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mó
  - Wade–Giles: mo²
  - Yale: mwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mo
  - Palladius: мо (mo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: mou⁴
  - Yale: mòuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: mou⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mù
  - Hakka Romanization System: mu^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mu²
  - Sinological IPA: /mu¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bô͘
  - Tâi-lô: bôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: boo
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /bɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔ²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔ¹³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mô͘
  - Tâi-lô: môo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: moo
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /mɔ̃²³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /mɔ̃²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /mɔ̃¹³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: mo⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mô
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mo⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶mu
  - MiniDict: mu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³mu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mu²³/

Middle Chinese: mu

Rime
Character	模
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫胡切
Baxter	mu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muo/
Pan Wuyun	/muo/
Shao Rongfen	/mo/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mɔ/
Li Rong	/mo/
Wang Li	/mu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/muo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mou⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤa/

(Zhengzhang): /*maː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	模
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mó
Middle Chinese	‹ mu ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁa/
English	model
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	模
Reading #	1/1
No.	9241
Phonetic component	莫
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	模
Old Chinese	/*maː/

Definitions

模

Wikipedia has articles on:

模 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
Module (mathematics) (English)

model; standard; example
to copy; to imitate
Short for 模特 (mótè, “model; fashion model”).
名模 ― míngmó ― famous fashion model

𡃁模 [Cantonese] ― leng¹ mou⁴ [Jyutping] ― young model; pseudo-model
Short for 模範／模范 (mófàn, “model person; role model”).
(mathematics) modulus
同餘的模／同余的模 ― tóngyú de mó ― modulus of congruence
(mathematics) modulo
5 與 8 同餘模3。 [MSC, trad.]
5 与 8 同余模3。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǔ yǔ bā tóngyú mó sān. [Pinyin]
5 and 8 are congruent modulo 3.
(mathematics) modular
模形式 ― móxíngshì ― modular form
(mathematics) module
自由模 ― zìyóumó ― free module
a surname

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mú, mó

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˊ, ㄇㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mou⁴ / mou^4-2
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bô͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): mo⁵ / bhou⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mú
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mú
  - Wade–Giles: mu²
  - Yale: mú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mu
  - Palladius: му (mu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mó
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mó
  - Wade–Giles: mo²
  - Yale: mwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mo
  - Palladius: мо (mo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: mou⁴ / mou^4-2
  - Yale: mòuh / móu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁴ / mou^4-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: mou⁴ / mou^4-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²¹/, /mou̯²¹⁻³⁵/

Note:

mou4 - "appearance" or "mold";
mou4-2 - "mold".

Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bô͘
  - Tâi-lô: bôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: boo
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔ²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: mo⁵ / bhou⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mô / bôu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mo⁵⁵/, /bou⁵⁵/

Note:

mo5 - literary;
bhou5 - vernacular.

Definitions

模

appearance
mold; matrix; shape; pattern

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

模

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Go-on: も (mo, Jōyō)
Kan-on: ぼ (bo, Jōyō)
Kun: かた (kata, 模)、かたぎ (katagi, 模)、かたどる (katadoru, 模る)、のっとる (nottoru, 模る)
Nanori: かた (kata)、とお (tō)、のり (nori)、ひろ (hiro)

Compounds

相模(さがみ) (Sagami)
酸模(すかんぼ) (sukanbo)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
模
も Grade: 6
goon

From Middle Chinese 模 (MC mu).

The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [mo̞]

Affix

模(も) • (mo)

model; pattern
appearance

Derived terms

模(も)楷(かい) (mokai)
模(も)擬(ぎ) (mogi) (摸(も)擬(ぎ), 摹(も)擬(ぎ))
模(も)型(けい) (mokei)
模(も)糊(こ) (moko) (糢(も)糊(こ))
模(も)傚(こう) (mokō)
模(も)刻(こく) (mokoku) (摸(も)刻(こく), 摹(も)刻(こく))
模(も)索(さく) (mosaku) (摸(も)索(さく))
模(も)作(さく) (mosaku) (摸(も)作(さく))
模(も)式(しき) (moshiki)
模(も)写(しゃ) (mosha) (摸(も)写(しゃ))
模(も)出(しゅつ) (moshutsu) (摸(も)出(しゅつ))
模(も)製(せい) (mosei) (摸(も)製(せい))
模(も)像(ぞう) (mozō)
模(も)造(ぞう) (mozō) (摸(も)造(ぞう))
模(も)拓(たく) (motaku) (摸(も)拓(たく))
模(も)搨(とう) (motō)
模(も)範(はん), 模(も)笵(はん) (mohan)
模(も)表(ひょう) (mohyō)
模(も)倣(ほう) (mohō) (摸(も)倣(ほう), 摹(も)倣(ほう))
模(も)本(ほん) (mohon) (摸(も)本(ほん), 摹(も)本(ほん))
模(も)様(よう) (moyō)
模(も)稜(りょう) (moryō) (摸(も)稜(りょう))
模(も)臨(りん) (morin) (摸(も)臨(りん))
佳(か)模(も), 嘉(か)模(も) (kamo)
範(はん)模(も) (hanmo)
描(びょう)模(も) (byōmo) (描(びょう)摸(も), 描(びょう)摹(も))
倣(ほう)模(も) (hōmo)
臨(りん)模(も) (rinmo) (臨(りん)摹(も))

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
模
ぼ Grade: 6
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 模 (MC mu).

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [bo̞]

Affix

模(ぼ) • (bo)

(uncommon) Same as も (mo) above

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
模
かたぎ Grade: 6
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 模 – see the following entry.

【かたぎ】

[noun] carving wooden block used to dye patterns on cloth, paper, etc.

[noun] printing wooden block

[noun] model; pattern

Alternative spelling
形木

(This term, 模, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

模 (eumhun 법 모 (beop mo))

hanja form^? of 모 (“model, standard, pattern”)

模 (eumhun 본뜰 모 (bontteul mo))

hanja form^? of 모 (“copy, imitate”)

Compounds

모양 (模樣, moyang)

Vietnamese

Han character

模: Hán Nôm readings: mô, mo, mọ, mu, mua, mạc, mù

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