募

募 U+52DF, 募 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52DF ← 勞 [U+52DE] CJK Unified Ideographs 勠 → [U+52E0]

Translingual

Han character

募 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+10, 12 strokes, cangjie input 廿日大尸 (TAKS), four-corner 4442₇, composition ⿱莫力)

Related characters

• 墓 幕 慕
• 模 膜

Derived characters

• 𬔁, 𡫌

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 148, character 40
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2416
• Dae Jaweon: page 336, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 376, character 7
• Unihan data for U+52DF

Chinese

trad.		募
simp. #		募

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 募
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (莫) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
蟆	*mraː
鬕	*mraːɡs
饃	*maːl
模	*maː
摸	*maː, *maːɡ
嫫	*maː
謨	*maː
膜	*maː, *maːɡ
摹	*maː
暮	*maːɡs
慕	*maːɡs
募	*maːɡs
墓	*maːɡs
慔	*maːɡs
莫	*maːɡ
寞	*maːɡ
漠	*maːɡ
幕	*maːɡ
鏌	*maːɡ
瘼	*maːɡ
鄚	*maːɡ
瞙	*maːɡ
嗼	*maːɡ, *mraːɡ
塻	*maːɡ
貘	*mraːɡ
驀	*mraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *maːɡs) : phonetic 莫 (OC *maːɡ) + semantic 力 (“strength”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mù (mu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mou⁶
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bou⁵
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bō͘
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶mu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mù
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mù
    • Wade–Giles: mu⁴
    • Yale: mù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muh
    • Palladius: му (mu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: mou⁶
    • Yale: mouh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: mou⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²²/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: bou⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɔu²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bō͘
    • Tâi-lô: bōo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bo
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /bɔ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /bɔ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /bɔ²²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶mu
    • MiniDict: mu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³mu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mu²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: muH

Rime
Character	募
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫故切
Baxter	muH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muoH/
Pan Wuyun	/muoH/
Shao Rongfen	/moH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mɔH/
Li Rong	/moH/
Wang Li	/muH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/muoH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mou6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤak-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*maːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	募
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mù
Middle Chinese	‹ muH ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁak-s/
English	summon
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	募
Reading #	1/1
No.	9249
Phonetic component	莫
Rime group	暮
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	暮
Old Chinese	/*maːɡs/

Definitions

募

1. to levy; to raise
2. to summon
3. to recruit

Compounds

• 募債 / 募债
• 募兵 (mùbīng)
• 募兵制 (mùbīngzhì)
• 募化 (mùhuà)
• 募士
• 募役
• 募捐 (mùjuān)
• 募格
• 募款 (mùkuǎn)
• 募緣 / 募缘
• 募股 (mùgǔ)
• 募資工具 / 募资工具
• 募集 (mùjí)
• 勸募 / 劝募
• 召募 (zhàomù)
• 徵募 / 征募 (zhēngmù)
• 應募 / 应募 (yìngmù)
• 招募 (zhāomù)
• 捐募 (juānmù)
• 科募
• 籌募 / 筹募

 

References

• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “募”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 161.

Japanese

Kanji

募

(Jōyō kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): ぼ (bo, Jōyō)、も (mo)
• Kun: つのる (tsunoru, 募る, Jōyō)

Korean

Hanja

募 (eumhun 모을 모 (mo'eul mo))

1. hanja form^? of 모 (“levy, raise”)
2. hanja form^? of 모 (“summon”)
3. hanja form^? of 모 (“recruit”)

Vietnamese

Han character

募: Hán Nôm readings: mộ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.