膜

膜 U+819C, 膜 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-819C ← 膛 [U+819B] CJK Unified Ideographs 膝 → [U+819D]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

膜 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+10, 14 (Mainland China, Japan), 15 (Hong Kong) strokes, cangjie input 月廿日大 (BTAK), four-corner 7423₄, composition ⿰月莫)

Related characters

• 募 墓 幕 慕

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 993, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29808
• Dae Jaweon: page 1444, character 28
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2100, character 13
• Unihan data for U+819C

Chinese

trad.		膜
simp. #		膜
alternative forms		𦟦

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 膜
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (莫) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
蟆	*mraː
鬕	*mraːɡs
饃	*maːl
模	*maː
摸	*maː, *maːɡ
嫫	*maː
謨	*maː
膜	*maː, *maːɡ
摹	*maː
暮	*maːɡs
慕	*maːɡs
募	*maːɡs
墓	*maːɡs
慔	*maːɡs
莫	*maːɡ
寞	*maːɡ
漠	*maːɡ
幕	*maːɡ
鏌	*maːɡ
瘼	*maːɡ
鄚	*maːɡ
瞙	*maːɡ
嗼	*maːɡ, *mraːɡ
塻	*maːɡ
貘	*mraːɡ
驀	*mraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maː, *maːɡ) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 莫 (OC *maːɡ).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mó, mò

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ, ㄇㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mok⁶ / mok^6-2
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): mo̍k

  (Meixian, Guangdong): mog⁵

• Eastern Min (BUC): mŏ̤h
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): bo̍k / mo̍͘h / bo̍h / mo͘h

  (Teochew, Peng'im): moh⁸

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸moq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mó
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mó
    • Wade–Giles: mo²
    • Yale: mwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mo
    • Palladius: мо (mo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mò
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mò
    • Wade–Giles: mo⁴
    • Yale: mwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh
    • Palladius: мо (mo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: mok⁶ / mok^6-2
    • Yale: mohk / mók
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mok⁹ / mok^9-2
    • Guangdong Romanization: mog⁶ / mog^6-2
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔːk̚²/, /mɔːk̚²⁻³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mo̍k
    • Hakka Romanization System: mog
    • Hagfa Pinyim: mog⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /mok̚⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: mog⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /mɔk̚¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: mŏ̤h
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /moʔ⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bo̍k
    • Tâi-lô: bo̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bok
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bɔk̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mo̍͘h
    • Tâi-lô: mo̍oh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: moh
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /mɔ̃ʔ⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /mɔ̃ʔ¹²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /mɔ̃ʔ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bo̍h
    • Tâi-lô: bo̍h
    • Phofsit Daibuun: boih
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /boʔ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mo͘h
    • Tâi-lô: mooh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: moq
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /mɔ̃ʔ³²/

Note:

• bo̍k - literary;
• mo̍͘h/bo̍h/mo͘h - vernacular (“membrane; film”).

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: moh⁸
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mo̍h
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /moʔ⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁸moq
    • MiniDict: moh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵moq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /moʔ¹²/

---

• Middle Chinese: mak

Rime
Character	膜
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	鐸 (103)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	慕各切
Baxter	mak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/mɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/mɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mak̚/
Li Rong	/mɑk̚/
Wang Li	/mɑk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mok6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*maːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	膜
Reading #	2/2
No.	9253
Phonetic component	莫
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	莫
Old Chinese	/*maːɡ/

Definitions

膜

1. membrane; film

   細胞膜／细胞膜  ―  xìbāomó  ―  cell membrane

   保鮮膜／保鲜膜  ―  bǎoxiānmó  ―  plastic wrap

   鍍鋁膜／镀铝膜  ―  dùlǚmó  ―  aluminum-coated polyester film

2. (physics) brane
3. (obsolete) small gap
4. (dialectal, obsolete) to placate
5. Alternative form of 漠 (mò)

Compounds

• 保鮮膜／保鲜膜 (bǎoxiānmó)
• 側膜胎座／侧膜胎座
• 內膜／内膜 (nèimó)
• 包膜
• 口腔黏膜
• 基底膜 (jīdǐmó)
• 外膜
• 孢膜
• 心內膜／心内膜 (xīnnèimó)
• 心內膜炎／心内膜炎 (xīnnèimóyán)
• 心外膜 (xīnwàimó)
• 心瓣膜 (xīnbànmó)
• 核膜 (hémó)
• 橫膈膜／横膈膜 (hénggémó)
• 液泡膜
• 漿膜／浆膜 (jiāngmó)
• 瓣膜 (bànmó)
• 皮膜組織／皮膜组织
• 皮裡膜外／皮里膜外
• 眼角膜 (yǎnjiǎomó)
• 硬腦膜／硬脑膜 (yìngnǎomó)
• 視網膜／视网膜 (shìwǎngmó)
• 笛膜 (dímó)
• 筋膜炎 (jīnmóyán)
• 細胞膜／细胞膜 (xìbāomó)
• 結膜／结膜 (jiémó)
• 結膜炎／结膜炎 (jiémóyán)
• 網膜／网膜 (wǎngmó)
• 網膜剝離／网膜剥离
• 羊膜 (yángmó)
• 羊膜穿刺 (yángmó chuāncì)
• 羊膜類／羊膜类
• 耳膜 (ěrmó)
• 肌膜 (jīmó)
• 肋膜
• 肋膜炎
• 肺膜
• 胎膜 (tāimó)
• 脈絡膜／脉络膜 (màiluòmó)
• 胸膜 (xiōngmó)
• 胸膜炎 (xiōngmóyán)
• 腸繫膜／肠系膜 (chángxìmó)
• 腹膜 (fùmó)
• 腦膜／脑膜 (nǎomó)
• 腦膜炎／脑膜炎 (nǎomóyán)
• 腹膜炎 (fùmóyán)
• 膈膜 (gémó)
• 膜外
• 膜外概置
• 膜孔 (mókǒng)
• 膜翅類／膜翅类
• 膜鳴樂器／膜鸣乐器
• 薄膜
• 處女膜／处女膜
• 虹彩膜
• 虹膜 (hóngmó)
• 蠟膜／蜡膜
• 角膜 (jiǎomó)
• 角膜炎 (jiǎomóyán)
• 豬心瓣膜／猪心瓣膜
• 透性膜
• 隔膜 (gémó)
• 鞏膜／巩膜 (gǒngmó)
• 頰黏膜／颊黏膜
• 骨膜 (gǔmó)
• 骨膜炎
• 髓膜炎
• 黏膜 (niánmó)
• 鼓膜 (gǔmó)
• 鼓膜炎
• 鼻黏膜

 

Etymology 2

Clipping of 南膜 (MC nom mu), which is from Sanskrit नमस् (namas, “bow; obeisance; salutation”). Compare 南無.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mó (mo²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mou⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mó
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mó
    • Wade–Giles: mo²
    • Yale: mwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mo
    • Palladius: мо (mo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: mou⁴
    • Yale: mòuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: mou⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: mu

Rime
Character	膜
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫胡切
Baxter	mu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muo/
Pan Wuyun	/muo/
Shao Rongfen	/mo/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mɔ/
Li Rong	/mo/
Wang Li	/mu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/muo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mou4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*maː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	膜
Reading #	1/2
No.	9245
Phonetic component	莫
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	模
Old Chinese	/*maː/

Definitions

膜

1. to prostrate

Compounds

• 膜唄／膜呗
• 膜拜 (móbài)
• 膜蛤 (móhá)

 

References

• “膜”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03361

Japanese

Kanji

膜

(Jōyō kanji)

1. membrane; film

Readings

• Go-on: まく (maku, Jōyō)、も (mo)
• Kan-on: ばく (baku)、ぼ (bo)
• Kun: うすかわ (usukawa)

Compounds

• 葡萄膜(ぶどうまく) (budōmaku): uvea
• 尿膜管(にょうまくかん) (nyōmakukan): urachus

Pronunciation

Kanji in this term
膜
まく Grade: S
on'yomi

• (Tokyo) まく [màkúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [ma̠kɯ̟]

Noun

膜(まく) • (maku) 

1. membrane; film

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 膜 (MC mak). Recorded as Middle Korean 막〮 (mák) (Yale: mak) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

膜 (eumhun 꺼풀 막 (kkeopul mak))

1. hanja form^? of 막 (“membrane; film”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 복막 (腹膜, bongmak)
• 각막 (角膜, gangmak)
• 고막 (鼓膜, gomak)
• 점막 (粘膜, jeommak)
• 망막 (網膜, mangmak)
• 격막 (膈膜, gyeongmak)
• 흉막 (胸膜, hyungmak)
• 뇌막 (腦膜, noemak)
• 세포막 (細胞膜, sepomak)
• 횡격막 (橫膈膜, hoenggyeongmak)
• 처녀막 (處女膜, cheonyeomak)
• 각막염 (角膜炎, gangmagyeom)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

膜: Hán Nôm readings: màng, mô

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.