刺史

Chinese

		thorn; sting; prick thorn; sting; prick; pierce; stab; thrust; assassinate; murder	history
simp. and trad. (刺史)		刺	史

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刺史

Etymology

Originally, a 刺史 was responsible for maintaining order within a given region. By the time of Emperor Wu of Han, the status of 刺史 was elevated to that of governor of a Zhou (province).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cìshǐ

(Zhuyin): ㄘˋ ㄕˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ci³ si²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cìshǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄘˋ ㄕˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cìhshǐh
  - Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ⁴-shih³
  - Yale: tsz̀-shř
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsyhshyy
  - Palladius: цыши (cyši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ci³ si²
  - Yale: chi sí
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsi³ si²
  - Guangdong Romanization: qi³ xi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiː³³ siː³⁵/

Middle Chinese: tshjeH sriX

Rime
Character	刺	史
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	支 (11)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	七賜切	踈士切
Baxter	tshjeH	sriX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰiᴇ^H/	/ʃɨ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰiɛ^H/	/ʃɨ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰjɛ^H/	/ʃie^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰiə̆^H/	/ʂɨ^X/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰie^H/	/ʃiə^X/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰǐe^H/	/ʃĭə^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sʰie̯^H/	/ʂi^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cì	shǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ci³	si²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ek-s s-rəʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*sʰeɡs srɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	刺	史
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cì	shǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ tshje^H ›	‹ sri^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ]ek-s/	/*s-rəʔ/
English	sharp point, thorn	scribe
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	刺	史
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	1746	11487
Phonetic component	朿	史
Rime group	賜	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	刺	史
Old Chinese	/*sʰeɡs/	/*srɯʔ/

Noun

刺史

(historical) provincial governor; the governor of a zhou (country subdivision)

Synonyms

使君 (shǐjūn)

Descendants

→ Old Turkic: 𐰲𐰃𐰏𐰾𐰃 (čig₂s₂i)