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索

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
索 U+7D22, 索
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D22
← 紡
[U+7D21] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 紣 →
[U+7D23]
索 U+F96A, 索
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F96A
← 數
[U+F969] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 參 →
[U+F96B]

Translingual

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

索 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 十月女戈火 (JBVIF), four-corner 40903, composition ⿳十冖糸)

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 918, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27306
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1349, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3369, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+7D22

Chinese

[edit]

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 索
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (索) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
索 *slaːɡ, *sraːɡ, *sreːɡ
溹 *slaːɡ, *sraːɡ, *sreːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 糸 (“thread”) + 𣎳 (“strip fibres off a hemp stalk”). Threads (rope) being removed from a fabric.

糸 visually represents the middle interior of the small seal script form, whereas 𣎳 is the three-pointed top part and the left and right lines.

Etymology 1

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 索

From Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Vietic *ɟaːk (“rope”) (> Vietnamese chạc), Mon ဇုက် (“string; cord; rope; lashing; creeper”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note:
  • lhok2-4 - noun;
  • lhok2 - verb.
Note:
  • so5 - vernacular;
  • seh6 - literary (e.g. 線索);
  • sorh6 - literary (e.g. 索性).
Note:
  • soh - vernacular;
  • sok/sek - literary.
Rime
Character 索
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 鐸 (103)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 蘇各切
Baxter sak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/sɑk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/sɑk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/sɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/sak̚/
Li
Rong 		/sɑk̚/
Wang
Li 		/sɑk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/sɑk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		suo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sok3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 索
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		suǒ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sak ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[s]ˁak/
English twist a rope

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 索
Reading # 1/3
No. 12191
Phonetic
component 		索
Rime
group 		鐸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		索
Old
Chinese 		/*slaːɡ/

Definitions

[edit]

索

  1. rope; cable
  2. (Teochew) to climb; to clamber
  3. (mahjong, regional) bamboo tile
Synonyms
[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 繩子 (“string; rope; cord”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 繩, 索
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 繩索
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 繩子, 繩兒
Taiwan 繩子
Harbin 繩子
Malaysia 繩子
Singapore 繩子
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 繩子
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 繩兒, 繩子
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 繩子
Wanrong 繩子, 繩
Xi'an 繩子
Xining 繩子
Xuzhou 繩子
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 繩
Ürümqi 繩子
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 繩子, 索子
Wuhan 繩子, 索子
Guiyang 繩子, 繩繩
Guilin 繩子
Liuzhou 繩子
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 繩子
Yangzhou 繩子
Hefei 繩, 繩子
Cantonese Guangzhou 繩, 索
Hong Kong 繩
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 繩, 繩仔
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 繩, 繩仔
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 繩
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 繩
Macau 繩
Guangzhou (Panyu) 繩
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 繩
Guangzhou (Conghua) 繩
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 繩
Foshan 繩
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 繩
Foshan (Shunde) 繩
Foshan (Sanshui) 繩
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 繩
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 繩
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 繩
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 繩
Zhuhai (Doumen) 繩
Jiangmen (Baisha) 繩
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 繩
Taishan 繩
Kaiping (Chikan) 繩
Enping (Niujiang) 繩
Heshan (Yayao) 繩
Dongguan 繩
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 繩
Qingyuan 繩
Fogang 繩仔
Yingde (Hanguang) 麻繩
Yangshan 繩, 索
Lianshan (Butian) 索
Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) 索
Shaoguan 繩
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 繩
Renhua 繩
Lechang 繩, 索
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 繩
Sihui 繩仔
Guangning 繩仔
Deqing 繩, 索繩
Huaiji 繩
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 繩
Yunfu 繩, 索
Xinxing 繩, 索
Luoding 繩仔
Yunan (Pingtai) 繩
Yangjiang 索
Xinyi 索
Maoming (Xinpo) 繩
Lianjiang 索
Wuchuan (Wuyang) 索
Nanning 繩, 索
Wuzhou 索, 繩
Yulin 索
Hepu (Lianzhou) 索
Hepu (Shatian) 索 large, 繩 small
Guiping 索
Mengshan (Xihe) 索
Guigang (Nanjiang) 索
Beiliu (Tangliao) 索
Baise 索
Bobai 索
Lingshan 索
Pubei 索
Qinzhou 索
Beihai 索, 索仔
Beihai (Nankang) 索
Beihai (Yingpan) 索
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 索
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 索 big, 繩 small
Ningming 索
Hengzhou 索
Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) 繩
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 索
Danzhou 索
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 繩
Singapore (Guangfu) 繩
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 繩
Móng Cái 索
Gan Nanchang 繩子, 索子
Lichuan 繩兒, 繩仔, 索
Pingxiang 繩子
Hakka Meixian 索仔, 索嫲, 索
Xingning 索, 索嫲
Dabu (Xihe) 索兒
Fengshun (Tangkeng) 索
Fengshun (Fengliang) 索
Fengshun (Pantian) 索
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 繩
Huidong (Daling) 索仔, 索嫲
Dongguan (Qingxi) 索
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 索仔
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 索嫲
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 索嫲
Wuhua (Huacheng) 索嫲, 索哩
Wuhua (Changbu) 索嫲
Wuhua (Mianyang) 索嫲
Heyuan (Bendihua) 繩 small, 索 large
Wengyuan 索
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 索子, 索嫲
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 索仔, 索嫲
Liannan 索
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 繩
Jiexi 索
Luhe 索仔
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 索
Changting 索子
Wuping 索子
Wuping (Yanqian) 索子
Wuping (Pingyu) 索
Liancheng 索子
Ninghua 索子
Yudu 繩子
Ningdu 繩子
Ruijin 索子, 繩
Shicheng 繩
Shangyou (Shexi) 繩
Tonggu (Sandu) 繩
Ganzhou (Panlong) 繩
Dayu 繩哩
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 索仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 索仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 索仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 索
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 索仔
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 索
Hong Kong 索嫲, 索
Yangxi (Tangkou) 索
Yangchun (Sanjia) 索
Xinyi (Sihe) 索
Xinyi (Qianpai) 索
Gaozhou (Xindong) 索
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 索
Huazhou (Xin'an) 索
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 索
Lianjiang (Qingping) 索
Mengshan (Xihe) 索
Luchuan 索
Luchuan (Daqiao) 索
Beiliu (Tang'an) 索
Mashan (Pianlian) 索
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 索
Senai (Huiyang) 索嫲
Singkawang 索
Jin Taiyuan 繩子
Xinzhou 繩子
Northern Min Jian'ou 索
Jian'ou (Dikou) 索
Songxi 索
Zhenghe 索
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 索
Jianyang 索
Wuyishan 索
Pucheng (Shibei) 索
Eastern Min Fuzhou 索
Fuzhou (Changle) 索
Fuqing 索
Yongtai 索
Gutian 索
Fu'an 索
Ningde 索
Xiapu 索
Zherong 索
Shouning 索
Zhouning 索
Fuding 索
Southern Min Xiamen 索仔, 索
Quanzhou 索仔, 索
Yongchun 索
Zhangzhou 索仔, 索
Dongshan 索仔
Kaohsiung 索仔
Yilan 索仔
Changhua (Lukang) 索仔
Taichung 索仔
Taichung (Wuqi) 索仔
Tainan 索仔
Taitung 索仔
Hsinchu 索仔
Penghu (Magong) 索
Penang (Hokkien) 索, 索仔
Singapore (Hokkien) 索
Manila (Hokkien) 索
Zhangping (Yongfu) 索
Datian 索仔
Pingnan (Shangdu) 索
Chaozhou 索
Shantou 索
Shantou (Chenghai) 索
Jieyang 索
Haifeng 索
Bangkok (Teochew) 索
Phnom Penh (Teochew) 索
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 索
Singapore (Teochew) 索
Leizhou 索
Wenchang 索
Haikou 索
Puxian Min Putian 索
Xianyou 索
Fuding (Aoyao) 索
Central Min Yong'an 索
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 繩
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 繩
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 索
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 索子
Wu Shanghai 繩, 繩子
Shanghai (Chongming) 繩
Suzhou 繩
Danyang 繩子
Ningbo 繩
Wenzhou 繩
Jinhua 繩
Xiang Changsha 繩子, 索子
Loudi 繩子
Shuangfeng 繩子, 索子
Note General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)
Dialectal synonyms of 條子 (“bamboo tile (mahjong)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 條子
Taiwan 條子
Langfang 條子
Chifeng 條兒
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 條子
Harbin 條子, 條
Shenyang 條子, 索子
Singapore 索子
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 條子
Tangshan 條子
Cangzhou 條子
Baoding 條子
Shijiazhuang 條子
Jinan 條子
Jiaoliao Mandarin Qingdao 條子
Central Plains Mandarin Daming 條子
Zhengzhou 條
Xi'an 條, 索
Xining 條子
Xuzhou 條
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 條子
Lanzhou 條子, 索子
Ürümqi 條子
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 條子
Chongqing 條子, 索子
Guiyang 條子
Kunming 條子, 索子
Guilin 索子
Liuzhou 條子
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 條子
Yangzhou 條子
Nantong 條
Hefei 條子
Huanggang 條子, 索子
Cantonese Hong Kong 索子
Gan Nanchang 索子, 條子
Lichuan 索子
Huizhou Shexian 條, 索
Jin Taiyuan 條子, 棍子
Xinzhou 棍子
Linhe 條子
Jining 條子
Hohhot 條子, 棍子
Zhangjiakou 條子
Handan 條, 條子
Wu Shanghai 索

Etymology 2

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 索
alternative forms 𡩡
𢱢

Ultimately Austroasiatic; compare Khmer ស (sɑɑ, “white; to show something clearly”); cognate with 素 (OC *saːs, “colourless; plain”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note:
  • soh/sak - vernacular;
  • sok/sek - literary.
Rime
Character 索 索
Reading # 2/3 3/3
Initial (聲) 生 (21) 生 (21)
Final (韻) 陌 (115) 麥 (119)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III II
Fanqie 山戟切 山責切
Baxter srjaek sreak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʃˠiæk̚/ /ʃˠɛk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʃᵚiak̚/ /ʃᵚæk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʃiak̚/ /ʃɐk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʂiajk̚/ /ʂəɨjk̚/
Li
Rong 		/ʃiɐk̚/ /ʃɛk̚/
Wang
Li 		/ʃĭɐk̚/ /ʃæk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʂiɐk̚/ /ʂæk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shi she
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sik1 sak1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 索
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		suǒ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sak ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[s]ˁak/
English search (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 索 索
Reading # 2/3 3/3
No. 12193 12195
Phonetic
component 		索 索
Rime
group 		鐸 錫
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		𡩡 栜
Old
Chinese 		/*sraːɡ/ /*sreːɡ/

Definitions

[edit]

索

  1. to search; to look for; to inquire into
  2. to request; to demand
  3. (literary) alone; solitary
  4. (literary) uninteresting; dull; insipid

Etymology 3

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 索

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

[edit]
Rime
Character 索
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 鐸 (103)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 蘇各切
Baxter sak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/sɑk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/sɑk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/sɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/sak̚/
Li
Rong 		/sɑk̚/
Wang
Li 		/sɑk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/sɑk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		suo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sok3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 索
Reading # 1/3
No. 12191
Phonetic
component 		索
Rime
group 		鐸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		索
Old
Chinese 		/*slaːɡ/

Definitions

[edit]

索

  1. a surname

Etymology 4

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 索
alternative forms 嗍
欶

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

索

  1. (Cantonese) to absorb
  2. (Cantonese) to sniff; to smell

Etymology 5

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 索

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From 嗍, 欶?”)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

索

  1. (Cantonese, of a female) beautiful; pretty; hot; sexually attractive

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
索

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. string, thread

Readings

[edit]
  • Go-on: しゃく (shaku)、さく (saku, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: さく (saku, Jōyō)
  • Kun: なわ (nawa, 索)、もとめる (motomeru, 索める)

Compounds

[edit]

Korean

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 索 (MC srjaek|sreak). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆡᆨ〮 (Yale: sóyk) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

索 (eumhun 찾을 색 (chajeul saek))

  1. hanja form? of 색 (“to search”)
  2. hanja form? of 색 (“to request; to demand”)
  3. hanja form? of 색 (“to inquire”)

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

Etymology 2

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 索 (MC sak). Recorded as Middle Korean 삭〮 (sák) (Yale: sák) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

索 (eumhun 노 삭 (no sak))

  1. hanja form? of 삭 (“rope; cable”)

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Chữ Hán

[edit]

索: Hán Nôm readings: sách, tác, xách

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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