-illa
Appearance
Catalan
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-illa f (noun-forming suffix, plural -illes)
- diminutive suffix for feminine nouns
- forms feminine nouns meaning "type of"
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “-illa”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Originally a variant of -ella used on verbs ending in -ata, -ota, -ätä, having developed by vowel contraction: -Aðele- (-oðele-) > -A.ele- (-o.ele-) > -Aile- (-oile-). Denominal use has been innovated in literary Finnish in the 20th century.
Suffix
[edit]-illa (front vowel harmony variant -illä, stem -ile-, linguistic notation -ile- or -illA)
- Forms frequentative verbs. The resulting verb often describes a more or less leisurely or long-lasting activity, or an activity that is not overly goal-oriented.
- Forms action verbs which denote an activity closely related with a noun.
Conjugation
[edit]Inflection of -illa (Kotus type 67/tulla, no gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | -ilen | en -ile | 1st sing. | olen -illut | en ole -illut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | -ilet | et -ile | 2nd sing. | olet -illut | et ole -illut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | -ilee | ei -ile | 3rd sing. | on -illut | ei ole -illut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | -ilemme | emme -ile | 1st plur. | olemme -illeet | emme ole -illeet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | -ilette | ette -ile | 2nd plur. | olette -illeet | ette ole -illeet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | -ilevat | eivät -ile | 3rd plur. | ovat -illeet | eivät ole -illeet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | -illaan | ei -illa | passive | on -iltu | ei ole -iltu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | -ilin | en -illut | 1st sing. | olin -illut | en ollut -illut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | -ilit | et -illut | 2nd sing. | olit -illut | et ollut -illut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | -ili | ei -illut | 3rd sing. | oli -illut | ei ollut -illut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | -ilimme | emme -illeet | 1st plur. | olimme -illeet | emme olleet -illeet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | -ilitte | ette -illeet | 2nd plur. | olitte -illeet | ette olleet -illeet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | -ilivat | eivät -illeet | 3rd plur. | olivat -illeet | eivät olleet -illeet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | -iltiin | ei -iltu | passive | oli -iltu | ei ollut -iltu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | -ilisin | en -ilisi | 1st sing. | olisin -illut | en olisi -illut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | -ilisit | et -ilisi | 2nd sing. | olisit -illut | et olisi -illut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | -ilisi | ei -ilisi | 3rd sing. | olisi -illut | ei olisi -illut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | -ilisimme | emme -ilisi | 1st plur. | olisimme -illeet | emme olisi -illeet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | -ilisitte | ette -ilisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte -illeet | ette olisi -illeet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | -ilisivat | eivät -ilisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat -illeet | eivät olisi -illeet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | -iltaisiin | ei -iltaisi | passive | olisi -iltu | ei olisi -iltu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | -ile | älä -ile | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | -ilkoon | älköön -ilko | 3rd sing. | olkoon -illut | älköön olko -illut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | -ilkaamme | älkäämme -ilko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | -ilkaa | älkää -ilko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | -ilkoot | älkööt -ilko | 3rd plur. | olkoot -illeet | älkööt olko -illeet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | -iltakoon | älköön -iltako | passive | olkoon -iltu | älköön olko -iltu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | -illen | en -ille | 1st sing. | lienen -illut | en liene -illut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | -illet | et -ille | 2nd sing. | lienet -illut | et liene -illut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | -illee | ei -ille | 3rd sing. | lienee -illut | ei liene -illut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | -illemme | emme -ille | 1st plur. | lienemme -illeet | emme liene -illeet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | -illette | ette -ille | 2nd plur. | lienette -illeet | ette liene -illeet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | -illevat | eivät -ille | 3rd plur. | lienevät -illeet | eivät liene -illeet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | -iltaneen | ei -iltane | passive | lienee -iltu | ei liene -iltu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | -illa | present | -ileva | -iltava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
|
past | -illut | -iltu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | -illessa | -iltaessa | agent4 | -ilema | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | -ilematon | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | -illen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | -ilemassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | -ilemasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | -ilemaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | -ilemalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | -ilematta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | -ileman | -iltaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th3 | verbal noun | -ileminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
|
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- Hakulinen, Lauri. 1941–2000. Suomen kielen rakenne ja kehitys ('The Structure and Development of the Finnish Language'). Helsinki: Otava/Helsingin yliopisto.
Anagrams
[edit]Latin
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-illa
- inflection of -illus:
Suffix
[edit]-illā
Spanish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- -illo (with masculine nouns)
Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Spanish -iella, from Latin -ella.
Suffix
[edit]-illa f (noun-forming suffix, plural -illas)
- added to feminine nouns to denote a diminutive form
Usage notes
[edit]- If the noun has a final vowel (usually -a), it is dropped before adding -illa.
- In most cases, -illa is used simply to indicate a small or endeared thing, without changing the basic meaning of the noun; however, in some cases, it is used to effect a greater change in meaning, such as bombilla (“light-bulb”), from bomba (“bomb”).
- Different nouns tend to prefer different diminutive suffixes (see synonyms), though some nouns accept multiple diminutives and there is often regional or personal variation.
- For masculine nouns ending in “-a”, there is some alternation between the gender-reflecting diminutive -illo and the ending-reflecting diminutive -illa. When the latter is used, -ill- may be considered an infix.
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “-illo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
Categories:
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan suffixes
- Catalan noun-forming suffixes
- Catalan countable suffixes
- Catalan feminine suffixes
- Catalan diminutive suffixes
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish suffixes
- Finnish verb-forming suffixes
- Finnish tulla-type verbs
- Latin non-lemma forms
- Latin suffix forms
- Spanish terms inherited from Old Spanish
- Spanish terms derived from Old Spanish
- Spanish terms inherited from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish suffixes
- Spanish noun-forming suffixes
- Spanish countable suffixes
- Spanish feminine suffixes
- Spanish diminutive suffixes