роз-

See also: роз

Russian

Alternative forms

• ро́с- (rós-) — before a voiceless consonant

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *orz-. Doublet of раз- (raz-), a borrowing from Old Church Slavonic.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈroz]

Prefix

ро́з- • (róz-)

1. Stressed equivalent of раз- (raz-). Found primarily in deverbal nouns and past passive participles.

   разыска́ть (razyskátʹ, “to search for”) → ро́зыск (rózysk, “search”)

   разыгра́ть (razygrátʹ, “to perform”) → ро́зыгрыш (rózygryš, “(sports) competition”)

   разня́ть (raznjátʹ, “to separate, to pull apart”) → рознь (roznʹ, “discord, strife”) (compare also ро́зно (rózno, “separately, apart (obsolete)”))

   раз- (raz-) + deverbal from гове́ть (govétʹ, “to prepare for Communion by fasting”) → ро́зговенье (rózgovenʹje, “first day after a fast”)

   разда́ть (razdátʹ, “to distribute”) → ро́зданный (rózdannyj, “distributed”, past passive participle)

Ukrainian

Alternative forms

• розі- (rozi-) (used before certain consonant clusters)

Etymology

Inherited from Old Ruthenian роз- (roz-), from Old East Slavic роз- (roz-), from Proto-Slavic *orz-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [rɔz]

Prefix

роз- • (roz-)

1. (used with verbs) dis-, un-, de- (indicates reverse action or undoing)

   ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎моро́зити impf (morózyty, “to freeze”) → ‎розморо́зити pf (rozmorózyty, “to unfreeze”)

   ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎учи́тися impf (učýtysja, “to learn (how to)”) → ‎розучи́тися pf (rozučýtysja, “to forget how to, to lose the skill of”)

   ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎люби́ти impf (ljubýty, “to love”) → ‎розлюби́ти pf (rozljubýty, “to fall out of love, to grow indifferent to”)

2. (used with verbs) away, around (in different directions; to various places)

   ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎бі́гти impf (bíhty, “to run”) + ‎-ся (-sja) → ‎розбі́гтися pf (rozbíhtysja, “to scatter, to run away, to flee, to diverge, to branch off”)

   ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎брести́ impf (brestý, “to stroll, to wander”) + ‎-ся (-sja) → ‎розбрести́ся pf (rozbrestýsja, “to wander off, to wander away, to leave”)

   ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎-кида́ти impf (-kydáty, “to throw”) → ‎розкида́ти impf (rozkydáty, “to throw around, to scatter”)

   ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎ві́яти impf (víjaty, “to blow gently”) → ‎розві́яти pf (rozvíjaty, “to blow away, to blow around, to dispel”)

   ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎ляка́ти impf (ljakáty, “to scare”) → ‎розляка́ти pf (rozljakáty, “to scare away”)

3. (used with verbs) indicates increase in extent, volume, size or scope

   ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎ду́ти impf (dúty, “to blow”) → ‎розду́ти pf (rozdúty, “to inflate, to blow up, to exaggerate”)

   ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎рости́ impf (rostý, “to grow, to increase”) + ‎-ся (-sja) → ‎розрости́ся pf (rozrostýsja, “to expand, to spread”)

   ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎ї́сти impf (jísty, “to eat”) + ‎-ся (-sja) → ‎роз'ї́стися pf (rozʺjístysja, “to get fat, to put on weight”)

   ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎роби́ти impf (robýty, “to do, to make”) → ‎розроби́ти pf (rozrobýty, “to develop, to design, to devise”)

4. (used with verbs) indicates distribution

   ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎дава́ти impf (daváty, “to give”) → ‎роздава́ти impf (rozdaváty, “to give away, to distribute, to dispense, to deal out, pass out”)

   ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎ложи́ти impf (ložýty, “to put, to lay”) → ‎розложи́ти pf (rozložýty, “to put (in separate locations), to arrange, to sort”)

   ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎ли́ти impf (lýty, “to pour”) → ‎розли́ти pf (rozlýty, “to pour out, to serve (drinks, liquid foods), to bottle”)

   ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎стели́ти impf (stelýty, “to spread, to lay”) → ‎розстели́ти pf (rozstelýty, “to spread out, to lay out”)

5. (used with verbs;) apart (separately; away from each other)

   ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎сади́ти impf (sadýty, “to seat, to plant”) → ‎розсади́ти pf (rozsadýty, “to seat/plant separately (so that they are no longer seated or planted together)”)

   ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎су́нути impf or pf (súnuty, “to shove, to push”) → ‎розсу́нути pf (rozsúnuty, “to spread (apart), to push/draw/pull apart”)

   ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎йти impf (jty, “to go”) + ‎-ся (-sja) → ‎розійти́ся pf (rozijtýsja, “to part with, to part ways, to break up, to disagree, to differ”)

6. (used with verbs) indicates spread over the surface of the specified object

   ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎писа́ти impf (pysáty, “to write”) → ‎розписа́ти pf (rozpysáty, “to paint, to decorate (by painting)”)

   ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎ши́ти impf (šýty, “to sew”) → ‎розши́ти pf (rozšýty, “to embroider”)

7. (used with verbs) apart, up (indicates division into two or more parts)

   ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎руба́ти impf (rubáty, “to chop”) → ‎розруба́ти pf (rozrubáty, “to chop in (half, two, etc.), to chop to/into (pieces, bits, etc.)”)

   ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎па́сти pf (pásty, “to fall”) + ‎-ся (-sja) → ‎розпа́стися pf (rozpástysja, “to fall apart, to break up (into), to disintegrate”)

   ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎пиля́ти impf (pyljáty, “to saw”) → ‎розпиля́ти pf (rozpyljáty, “to saw apart, to saw in (half, two, etc.)”)

   ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎міня́ти impf (minjáty, “to change”) → ‎розміня́ти pf (rozminjáty, “to break (money into smaller units)”)

8. (used with verbs) indicates reduction into a finer or less dense substance, or alteration of the original shape due to some form of pressure

   ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎вари́ти impf (varýty, “to boil”) → ‎розвари́ти pf (rozvarýty, “to boil until very soft, to boil into (mush, puree, etc.), to overboil, to overcook”)

   ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎те́рти impf (térty, “to rub”) → ‎розте́рти pf (roztérty, “to grind to/into (dust, powder, pulp, etc.)”)

   ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎м'яти impf (mʺjaty, “to knead, to squeeze”) + ‎-ати (-aty) → ‎розмина́ти impf (rozmynáty, “to mash, to puree, to stretch (by squeezing)”)

   ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎кача́ти impf (kačáty, “to roll”) → ‎розкача́ти pf (rozkačáty, “to roll out, to roll into (to shape by rolling)”)

9. (used with verbs) open (indicates uncovering or opening)

   ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎би́ти impf (býty, “to beat, to hit”) → ‎розби́ти pf (rozbýty, “to crack (open) (an egg, nut), to split open (forehead, lip)”)

   ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎рі́зати impf (rízaty, “to cut”) → ‎розрі́зати pf (rozrízaty, “to cut open”)

   ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎копа́ти impf (kopáty, “to dig”) → ‎розкопа́ти pf (rozkopáty, “to dig up, to excavate”)

10. (used with verbs) indicates discernment

    ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎пізна́ти pf (piznáty, “to learn, to cognize”) → ‎розпізна́ти pf (rozpiznáty, “to recognize, to identify, to discern”)

    ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎гле́діти impf (hlédity, “to look at”) → ‎розгле́діти pf (rozhlédity, “to make out, to discern (visually)”)

11. (used with verbs) indicates sudden or gradual transition into the state or further intensification of the state

    ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎болі́ти impf (bolíty, “to hurt, to ache”) + ‎-ся (-sja) → ‎розболі́тися pf (rozbolítysja, “to start hurting/aching”)

    ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎червоні́ти impf (červoníty, “to turn red, to redden”) + ‎-ся (-sja) → ‎розчервоні́тися pf (rozčervonítysja, “to turn very red”)

    ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎пали́ти impf (palýty, “to burn”) → ‎розпали́ти pf (rozpalýty, “to light, to ignite, to incite”)

    ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎(archaic) вереди́ти impf (veredýty, “to hurt”) → ‎розвереди́ти pf (rozveredýty, “to disturb (wounds), to stir up. to agitate”)

12. (used with verbs) indicates thoroughness

    ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎ду́мати impf (dúmaty, “to think”) + ‎-увати (-uvaty) → ‎розду́мувати impf (rozdúmuvaty, “to ponder, to muse, to consider, to hesitate”)

    ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎пита́ти impf (pytáty, “to ask”) → ‎розпита́ти pf (rozpytáty, “to ask (many questions), to interrogate”)

    ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎гля́нути pf (hljánuty, “to glance at, to give a look”) → ‎розгля́нути pf (rozhljánuty, “to examine, to look into, to review, to consider”)

13. (used with verbs) every single one of

    ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎кра́сти impf (krásty, “to lose”) → ‎розкра́сти pf (rozkrásty, “to steal all (of) the”)

    ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎прода́ти pf (prodáty, “to saw”) → ‎розпрода́ти pf (rozprodáty, “to sell out”)

    ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎хапа́ти impf (xapáty, “to grasp, to grab”) → ‎розхапа́ти pf (rozxapáty, “to take all (of) the”)

14. (used with verbs) forms perfectives from verbs that match роз- (roz-) semantically with no further change in meaning

    ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎ши́рити impf (šýryty, “to widen, to expand”) → ‎розши́рити pf (rozšýryty)

    ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎діли́ти impf (dilýty, “to split, to divide”) → ‎розділи́ти pf (rozdilýty)

    ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎двої́ти impf (dvojíty, “to split in two”) → ‎роздво́їти pf (rozdvójity)

    ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎криши́тися impf (kryšýtysja, “to crumble”) → ‎розкриши́тися pf (rozkryšýtysja)

    ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎люти́ти impf (ljutýty, “to anger, to enrage”) → ‎розлюти́ти pf (rozljutýty)

15. forms nouns and verbs:
    1. dis-, un-, non- (the reverse action)

       ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎збро́я impf (zbrója, “arms, weapon, weapons”) + ‎-ити (-yty) → ‎роззбро́їти pf (rozzbrójity, “to disarm, to unarm”)

    2. dis- (spread)

       ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎повсю́ди impf (povsjúdy, “everywhere”) + ‎-ити (-yty) → ‎розповсю́дити pf (rozpovsjúdyty, “to spread, to distribute, to disseminate”)

    3. branching, expanse

       ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎діл m (dil, “valley, bottom”) + ‎-я (-ja) → ‎роздо́лля n (rozdóllja, “expanse, freedom, liberty”)

       ‎роз- (roz-) + ‎доро́га f (doróha, “road”) + ‎-я (-ja) → ‎роздорі́жжя n (rozdorížžja, “crossroads, intersection”)

Derived terms

Ukrainian terms prefixed with роз-