-tı
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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ti"
Turkish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-tı
- Derives nouns from verbs, of a result or product of the action, with the suffix -n, which derives Reflexive forms of verbs.
- al- (“to take”) + -ın- (“to take offense”) + -tı → alıntı (“quotation, citation”)
- kaşı- (“transitive; to itch, scratch”) + -n- (“reflexive; to itch, to scratch oneself”) + -tı → kaşıntı (“itch, itchiness”)
- gez- (“to wander around, to travel”) + -in- (“to wander around, to walk about”) + -ti → gezinti (“stroll, trip”)
- gör- (“to see”) + -ün- (“to appear, to come in sight”) + -tü → görüntü (“image, sight, view”)
- sık- (“to squeeze, to bore”) + -ın- (“to strain oneself, to force oneself”) + -tı → sıkıntı (“boredom, distress, annoyance”)
- çırp- (“to clap, to beat, to whip”) + -ın- (“to struggle, to flutter”) + -tı → çırpıntı (“fluttering, shaking”)
- sığ- (“to fit in, to squeeze in”) + -ın- (“to take refuge in, to take shelter in”) + -tı → sığıntı (“a person whose stay is unwanted or unwelcome”)
- sapla- (“to stab, to dig into, to jab”) + -n- (“to sink into, to be stuck in”) + -tı → saplantı (“obsession, fixation”)
- eğle- (“transitive; to stall, to keep waiting”) + -n- (“to have fun, to enjoy oneself, to wait somewhere”) + -ti → eğlenti (“party, enjoyable meeting”)
- kur- (“to set, to build”) + -un- (“to make up (in mind), to form ideas”) + -tu → kuruntu (“wild fancy, delusion”)
- söyle- (“to say, to tell”) + -n- (“to talk to oneself, to complain”) + -ti → söylenti (“rumor”)
- Some verb roots either do not have Reflexive forms due to being New Turkish words derived through false analogy[1] or these forms fell off use in modern Turkish.
- çök- (“to collapse, to cave in”) + -ün- + -tü → çöküntü (“collapse, breakdown”) ("çökünmek" does not exist in modern Turkish. Compare with چوكنمك (t͡ʃœ.cyn.mec) in Ottoman Turkish.)[2]
- çöz- (“to solve, to untangle, to dissolve”) + -el- + -ti → çözelti (“solution, resulting substance of dissolution”) (Derived through false analogy to çökmek into çökelmek into çökelti; "çözelmek" does not exist as a separate verb.)[3]
- ak- (“to flow”) + -ın- + -tı → akıntı (“flow, current, stream”)
- ayır- (“to separate, to split”) + -ın- + -tı → ayrıntı (“detail”)
- üz- (“to upset, to aggrieve”) + -ün- + -tü → üzüntü (“sorrow, grief”)
- sız- (“to leak, to ooze”) + -ın- + -tı → sızıntı (“leak, leakage”)
- sars- (“to shake, to jolt”) + -ın- + -tı → sarsıntı (“shake, concussion, shock”)
- bekle- (“to wait, to expect”) + -n- + -ti → beklenti (“expectation”)
- Derives onomatopoeic nouns, with suffixes -ır or -ıl, which derive onomatopoeic verbs in Turkic dialects.[4]
- çıt (“click or crack sound”) + -ır- + -tı → çıtırtı (“clicking, cracking”)
- fıs (“soft hiss sound”) + -ıl- + -tı → fısıltı (“whisper, whispering”)
- gür (“rumble or clatter sound”) + -ül- + -tü → gürültü (“noise, rumbling”)
- mır (“murmur sound”) + -ıl- + -tı → mırıltı (“murmuring, mumbling”)
- Derives nouns with the suffix -ar, which derives intransitive verbs from the names of colors,[5] of an area that turns that color.
Usage notes
[edit]- Most commonly used with the -in (reflexive and passive suffix), which is why the suffix is often classified in full as -ıntı,[6][7] even though some nouns derived in this way are made from verbs that do not have reflexive forms; i.e akıntı, üzüntü, sarsıntı.
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2018). Nişanyan Sözlük Çağdaş Türkçenin Etimolojisi. İstanbul:Liber Plus Yayınları.
- ^ Redhouse, James W. (1890) “چوكنمك”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[1], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 739
- ^ Balyemez, S. (2018). Türkiye Türkçesinde Kapalı Gövde Örnekleri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi, (63), 243-266.
- ^ Omuralieva, A. (2020). Türkiye Türkçesinde Ses Yansımalı Fiillerin Yapısı. Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(12).
- ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), "+(g)Ar-" - in Nişanyan Sözlük
- ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), "+(In)tI" - in Nişanyan Sözlük
- ^ SELVİ, Ceren. -IntI Yapım Ekinin Türkçe Ulusal Derlem’de Yer Alan Semantik Prozodi Görünümleri. bitig: 43.