人事

Chinese

		man; person; people	matter; thing; item matter; thing; item; work; affair
simp. and trad. (人事)		人	事

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): rénshì

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˊ ㄕˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jan⁴ si⁶ / jan⁴ si^6-2
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngìn-sṳ
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): jîn-sū / lîn-sū / lîn-sīr
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zen-zy

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: rénshì
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˊ ㄕˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: rénshìh
  - Wade–Giles: jên²-shih⁴
  - Yale: rén-shr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renshyh
  - Palladius: жэньши (žɛnʹši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐən³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    人世
    人事
    人勢 / 人势
    人士
    人市
    人氏
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jan⁴ si⁶ / jan⁴ si^6-2
  - Yale: yàhn sih / yàhn sí
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jan⁴ si⁶ / jan⁴ si^6-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: yen⁴ xi⁶ / yen⁴ xi^6-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐn²¹ siː²²/, /jɐn²¹ siː²²⁻³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    人事
    人士
    人氏
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngìn-sṳ
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngin^ˇ sii
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngin² si⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋin¹¹ sɨ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jîn-sū
  - Tâi-lô: jîn-sū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jinsu
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /zin²³⁻³³ su³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zin¹³⁻²² su²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn-sū
  - Tâi-lô: lîn-sū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: linsu
  - IPA (Taipei): /lin²⁴⁻¹¹ su³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lin²⁴⁻²² su²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn-sīr
  - Tâi-lô: lîn-sīr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lin²⁴⁻²² sɯ⁴¹/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zen-zy
  - MiniDict: zen^去 zy
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zen-zr
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²² zz̩⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: nyin tsriH|dzriH

Rime
Character	人	事	事
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	日 (38)	莊 (18)	崇 (20)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)	之 (19)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	如鄰切	側吏切	鉏吏切
Baxter	nyin	tsriH	dzriH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiɪn/	/t͡ʃɨ^H/	/d͡ʒɨ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵin/	/ʈ͡ʂɨ^H/	/ɖ͡ʐɨ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjen/	/t͡ʃie^H/	/d͡ʒie^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵin/	/ʈ͡ʂɨ^H/	/ɖ͡ʐɨ^H/
Li Rong	/ȵiĕn/	/t͡ʃiə^H/	/d͡ʒiə^H/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭĕn/	/t͡ʃĭə^H/	/d͡ʒĭə^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ĕn/	/ʈ͡ʂi^H/	/ɖ͡ʐʱi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rén	zhì	zhì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jan⁴	zi³	zi⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ni[ŋ] [m-s-]rəʔ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*njin ʔsrɯs|zrɯs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	人	事
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rén	shì
Middle Chinese	‹ nyin ›	‹ dzri^H ›
Old Chinese	/*ni[ŋ]/	/*[m-s-]rəʔ-s/
English	(other) person	serve; service, affair
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	人	事	事
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
No.	10800	11485	11486
Phonetic component	人	史	史
Rime group	眞	之	之
Rime subdivision	1	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	仁	胾	事
Old Chinese	/*njin/	/*ʔsrɯs/	/*zrɯs/
Notes		見漢書又作剚倳	史吏轉註字

Noun

人事

men's behaviours; the reach of one's ability; what is humanly possible
盡人事而聽天命／尽人事而听天命 ― jìn rénshì ér tīng tiānmìng ― to do one's best and leave the rest to fate

我已盡人事。／我已尽人事。 ― Wǒ yǐ jìn rénshì. ― I've done what is humanly possible.
- 孟子曰：「富歲，子弟多賴；凶歲，子弟多暴，非天之降才爾殊也，其所以陷溺其心者然也。今夫麰麥，播種而耰之，其地同，樹之時又同，浡然而生，至於日至之時，皆熟矣。雖有不同，則地有肥磽，雨露之養，人事之不齊也。故凡同類者，舉相似也，何獨至於人而疑之？聖人與我同類者。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  孟子曰：「富岁，子弟多赖；凶岁，子弟多暴，非天之降才尔殊也，其所以陷溺其心者然也。今夫𮮇麦，播种而耰之，其地同，树之时又同，浡然而生，至于日至之时，皆熟矣。虽有不同，则地有肥硗，雨露之养，人事之不齐也。故凡同类者，举相似也，何独至于人而疑之？圣人与我同类者。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE
  Mèngzǐ yuē: “Fùsuì, zǐdì duō lài; xiōngsuì, zǐdì duō bào, fēi tiān zhī jiàng cái ěr shū yě, qí suǒ yǐ xiànnì qí xīn zhě rán yě. Jīn fú móumài, bōzhǒng ér yōu zhī, qí dì tóng, shù zhī shí yòu tóng, bó rán ér shēng, zhì yú rì zhì zhī shí, jiē shú yǐ. Suī yǒu bù tóng, zé dì yǒu féiqiāo, yǔlù zhī yǎng, rénshì zhī bù qí yě. Gù fán tóng lèi zhě, jǔ xiāngsì yě, hé dú zhì yú rén ér yí zhī? Shèngrén yǔ wǒ tónglèi zhě.” [Pinyin]
  Mencius said, "In good years the children of the people are most of them good, while in bad years the most of them abandon themselves to evil. It is not owing to any difference of their natural powers conferred by Heaven that they are thus different. The abandonment is owing to the circumstances through which they allow their minds to be ensnared and drowned in evil. There now is barley. Let it be sown and covered up; the ground being the same, and the time of sowing likewise the same, it grows rapidly up, and, when the full time is come, it is all found to be ripe. Although there may be inequalities of produce, that is owing to the difference of the soil, as rich or poor, to the unequal nourishment afforded by the rains and dews, and to the different ways in which man has performed his business in reference to it. Thus all things which are the same in kind are like to one another; why should we doubt in regard to man, as if he were a solitary exception to this? The sage and we are the same in kind."
human affairs; ways of the world; facts of life
孩子太小，還不懂人事。 [MSC, trad.]
孩子太小，还不懂人事。 [MSC, simp.]
Háizi tài xiǎo, hái bù dǒng rénshì. [Pinyin]
The child is too young to know the ways of the world.
- 前事之不忘，後事之師。是以君子為國，觀之上古，驗之當世，參以人事，察盛衰之理，審權勢之宜，去就有序，變化應時，故曠日長久，而社稷安矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  前事之不忘，后事之师。是以君子为国，观之上古，验之当世，参以人事，察盛衰之理，审权势之宜，去就有序，变化应时，故旷日长久，而社稷安矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
  Qián shì zhī bù wàng, hòu shì zhī shī. Shì yǐ jūnzǐ wèi guó, guān zhī shànggǔ, yàn zhī dāngshì, cān yǐ rénshì, chá shèngshuāi zhī lǐ, shěn quánshì zhī yí, qù jiù yǒu xù, biànhuà yìngshí, gù kuàngrìchángjiǔ, ér shèjì ān yǐ. [Pinyin]
  Do not forget the experiences and lessons learned from the past for they shall serve as a reference for future undertakings. A ruler will study history and verify the lessons in human affairs within a contemporary context to understand the rise and decline of a nation. They will also contemplate the balance of power and its corresponding scenarios, orderly weighing which ones to reject and which ones to adopt. Based on these considerations they will develop appropriate policies that over time will bring lasting peace to the nation.
consciousness of the (outside) world
他昏迷過去，人事不知。 [MSC, trad.]
他昏迷过去，人事不知。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā hūnmí guòqù, rénshì bùzhī. [Pinyin]
He fainted and lost consciousness.
personnel matters; human resources
人事調動／人事调动 ― rénshì diàodòng ― transfer of personnel

董事局在過去幾年出現多次的人事變動。 [MSC, trad.]
董事局在过去几年出现多次的人事变动。 [MSC, simp.]
Dǒngshìjú zài guòqù jǐnián chūxiàn duōcì de rénshì biàndòng. [Pinyin]
The board of directors has undergone several personnel changes in the past few years.
social activity; social intercourse
不務學業，競於人事。 [MSC, trad.]
不务学业，竞于人事。 [MSC, simp.]
Bù wù xuéyè, jìng yú rénshì. [Pinyin]
[He] focuses on the social intercourses and not his study.

盡量處理好人事關係。 [MSC, trad.]
尽量处理好人事关系。 [MSC, simp.]
Jìnliàng chǔlǐ hǎo rénshì guānxì. [Pinyin]
To handle interpersonal relationships to the best of one's ability
- 我在蒙自住過五個月，我的家也在那裡住過兩個月。我現在常常想起這個地方，特別是在人事繁忙的時候。蒙自小得好，人少得好。 [MSC, trad.]
  我在蒙自住过五个月，我的家也在那里住过两个月。我现在常常想起这个地方，特别是在人事繁忙的时候。蒙自小得好，人少得好。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 朱自清 (Zhu Ziqing), 《蒙自雜記》
  Wǒ zài Méngzì zhù guò wǔ ge yuè, wǒ de jiā yě zài nàlǐ zhù guò liǎng ge yuè. Wǒ xiànzài chángcháng xiǎngqǐ zhè ge dìfang, tèbié shì zài rénshì fánmáng de shíhou. Méngzì xiǎo de hǎo, rén shǎo de hǎo. [Pinyin]
  I lived in Mengzi for five months, and my family two months. I often think of the place now, especially when my social life is busy. Mengzi is good because it's small and sparsely populated.
(dialectal) gift; present
- 聖僧東土到此，有些甚麼人事送我們？快拿出來，好傳經與你去。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
  圣僧东土到此，有些甚么人事送我们？快拿出来，好传经与你去。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
  From: Wu Cheng'en, Journey to the West, 16^th century CE
  Shèngsēng dōngtǔ dàocǐ, yǒuxiē shènme rénshì sòng wǒmen? Kuài ná chūlái, hǎo chuánjīng yǔ nǐ qù. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
man-caused turmoil; unrest
sexual awareness; sexual passion
年紀漸長，已曉人事。 [MSC, trad.]
年纪渐长，已晓人事。 [MSC, simp.]
Niánjì jiàn zhǎng, yǐ xiǎo rénshì. [Pinyin]
[He] gradually gains sexual awareness as his age grows.
(～勢) A combination 三中 in the Lingqijing.

Derived terms

不省人事 (bùxǐngrénshì)
不知人事
人事不省
人事不知
人事代謝 / 人事代谢
人事全非
人事莫定
人事關係 / 人事关系 (rénshì guānxì)
天道人事
漸通人事 / 渐通人事
盡人事 / 尽人事 (jìnrénshì)
盡人事，聽天命 / 尽人事，听天命 (jìn rénshì, tīng tiānmìng)
菲人事
買人事 / 买人事

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (人事):

→ Japanese: 人事(じんじ) (jinji)
→ Korean: 인사(人事) (insa)
→ Vietnamese: nhân sự (人事)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
人	事
じん Grade: 1	じ Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) じんじ [jíꜜǹjì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [d͡ʑĩɲ̟d͡ʑi]

Noun

人(じん)事(じ) • (jinji)

human affairs
personnel affairs/matters
human resources, HR

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
人	事
ひと Grade: 1	こと > ごと Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ひとごと [hìtógótó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [çito̞ɡo̞to̞]

Noun

人(ひと)事(ごと) • (hitogoto)

Alternative form of 他人事: other people's affairs; somebody else's problem

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
人	事

Noun

人事 • (insa) (hangeul 인사)

hanja form^? of 인사 (“greeting; personnel matters[affairs], human resources affairs”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
人	事

Noun

人事

chữ Hán form of nhân sự (“human resources”).

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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