木

See also: 朩, ホ, and 禾

木	U+6728, 木 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6728

← 朧
[U+6727]

CJK Unified Ideographs

朩 →
[U+6729]

⽊	U+2F4A, ⽊ KANGXI RADICAL TREE

← ⽉
[U+2F49]

Kangxi Radicals

⽋ →
[U+2F4B]

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Alternative forms

In Hong Kong and Taiwan, when 木 is at the bottom of a character, it is written as 朩 without a hook instead of 木 itself.

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 509, character 1
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14415
Dae Jaweon: page 888, character 13
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1149, character 6
Unihan data for U+6728

Chinese

simp. and trad.		木

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 木
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (木) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
木	*moːɡ
沐	*moːɡ
朷	taːw, moːɡ
蚞	*moːɡ
霂	*moːɡ

Pictogram (象形) – a tree: branches on top, roots on the bottom (more visible in earlier forms).

Unrelated to 耒, in which it represents a bifurcated plow, and 茶, in which it represents the door of a hut. Also unrelated to 米 since it is the pictogram of six rice kernels. Partly unrelated to 保, in which it represents the body of a newborn baby.

Etymology

No known cognate exists. It can perhaps be compared with Proto-Karen *məŋᴮ (“trunk (of a tree); firewood”) (Starostin) or Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔmuk (“stump (of a tree)”) (Schuessler, 2007).

The common Sino-Tibetan root for “tree; wood” is *siŋ ~ sik, represented by 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): mù (mu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˋ

(Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): mǔ

(Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): můq

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): му (mu, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): muk⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): muuk⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): muh⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): muk

(Hailu, HRS): mug

(Meixian, Guangdong): mug⁵
Jin (Wiktionary): meh⁴
Northern Min (KCR): mù
Eastern Min (BUC): mŭk
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bah⁷ / borh⁷
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ba̍k / bo̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): bhag⁸
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁸moq
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): mo⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mù
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mù
  - Wade–Giles: mu⁴
  - Yale: mù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muh
  - Palladius: му (mu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu⁵¹/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin: mǔ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu²¹/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin: můq
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): muq⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /muʔ⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: му (mu, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: muk⁶
  - Yale: muhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: muk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: mug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mʊk̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: muuk⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵐbɵk̚³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: muh⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /muʔ⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: muk
  - Hakka Romanization System: mug^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /muk̚²/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: mug
  - Sinological IPA: /muk⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: mug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /mʊk̚¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: meh⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /məʔ²/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mù
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu⁴²/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: mŭk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /muʔ⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: bah⁷
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /paʔ⁴/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: bah⁷
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /paʔ²⁴/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: borh⁷
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɒʔ⁴/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: borh⁷
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɒʔ²⁴/

Note:

bah7 - vernacular;
borh7 - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ba̍k / bo̍k
  - Tâi-lô: ba̍k / bo̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bak, bok
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bak̚⁴/, /bɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bak̚²⁴/, /bɔk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bak̚¹²¹/, /bɔk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bak̚⁴/, /bɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bak̚⁴/, /bɔk̚⁴/

Note:

ba̍k - vernacular;
bo̍k - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: bhag⁸
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ba̍k
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /bak̚⁴/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁸moq
  - MiniDict: moh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵moq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /moʔ¹²/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /moʔ²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /moʔ²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: mo⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mo²⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 木
Mandarin	Beijing	/mu⁵¹/
	Harbin	/mu⁵³/
	Tianjin	/mu⁵³/
	Jinan	/mu²¹/
	Qingdao	/mu⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/mu²⁴/
	Xi'an	/mu²¹/
	Xining	/mv̩⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/mu¹³/
	Lanzhou	/mu¹³/
	Ürümqi	/mu²¹³/
	Wuhan	/mu²¹³/ /moŋ²¹³/
	Chengdu	/mu³¹/ /mu¹³/
	Guiyang	/mu²¹/
	Kunming	/mu³¹/
	Nanjing	/muʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/məʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/məʔ²/
	Pingyao	/mʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/mu⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/moʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/moʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/moʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/mu²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/mɔ²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/mo¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/mo²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/mo²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/muʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/muk̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/muk̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/mok̚²/
	Nanning	/muk̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/muk̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/bɔk̚⁵/ /bak̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/muʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/mu⁴²/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/bak̚⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/mok̚³/ /vak̚³/

Middle Chinese: muwk

Rime
Character	木
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	屋 (3)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫卜切
Baxter	muwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/muk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/muk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/məwk̚/
Li Rong	/muk̚/
Wang Li	/muk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/muk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	muk⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.mˤok/

(Zhengzhang): /*moːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	木
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mù
Middle Chinese	‹ muwk ›
Old Chinese	/*C.mˁok/
English	tree, wood
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	木
Reading #	1/1
No.	9327
Phonetic component	木
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	木
Old Chinese	/*moːɡ/

Definitions

木

tree; woody plant
Synonym: 樹／树 (shù)

樹木／树木 ― shùmù ― tree

灌木 ― guànmù ― shrub

木芍藥／木芍药 ― mùsháoyào ― tree peony
- 以若所為求若所欲，猶緣木而求魚也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  以若所为求若所欲，犹缘木而求鱼也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE
  Yǐ ruò suǒ wéi qiú ruò suǒ yù, yóu yuán mù ér qiú yú yě. [Pinyin]
  But doing what you do to seek for what you desire is like climbing a tree to seek for fish.
wood; timber (Classifier: 條／条 c; 塊／块 c; 嚿 c; 轆／辘 c)
木頭／木头 ― mùtou ― log
wooden
木屋 ― mùwū ― wooden house

這張桌子是木的。 [MSC, trad.]
这张桌子是木的。 [MSC, simp.]
Zhè zhāng zhuōzi shì mù de. [Pinyin]
This table is made of wood.
(literary or in compounds) coffin
就木 ― jiùmù ― to die (literally, “to enter one's coffin”)
- 原壤登木曰：「久矣予之不托於音也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  原壤登木曰：「久矣予之不托于音也。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Yuán Rǎng dēng mù yuē: “Jiǔ yǐ yǔ zhī bù tuō yú yīn yě.” [Pinyin]
  Yuan Rang got up on the coffin [of his mother] and said, "It is long since I sang to anything."
simple; plain; slow; emotionless; wooden
木訥／木讷 ― mùnè ― plain spoken, slow and inarticulate
numb
麻木 ― mámù ― numb, insensitive

她手指凍木了。／她手指冻木了。 ― Tā shǒuzhǐ dòng mù le. ― Her fingers were numb with cold.
a surname
(Mandarin, neologism, slang) Eye dialect spelling of 沒／没.
有木有 ― yǒumùyǒu ― innit, damn right

Synonyms

(tree):

Dialectal synonyms of 樹 (“tree”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		木, 樹
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		樹, 樹木
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	樹
	Taiwan	樹
	Langfang	樹木
	Chengde	樹
	Chifeng	樹
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	樹
	Heihe	樹
	Qiqihar	樹
	Harbin	樹
	Jiamusi	樹
	Baicheng	樹
	Changchun	樹
	Tonghua	樹
	Shenyang	樹
	Jinzhou	樹
	Singapore	樹
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	樹
	Tangshan	樹
	Cangzhou	樹
	Baoding	樹
	Shijiazhuang	樹
	Lijin	樹
	Jinan	樹
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	樹
	Dandong	樹
	Yantai	樹
	Yantai (Muping)	樹
	Qingdao	樹
	Zhucheng	樹
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	樹
	Lingbao	樹
	Jining	樹
	Daming	樹
	Wanrong	桲子, 樹
	Wanrong (Ronghe)	樹
	Linfen	樹, 桲子
	Shangqiu	樹
	Yuanyang	樹
	Zhengzhou	樹
	Xinyang	樹
	Baihe	樹
	Xi'an	樹
	Baoji	樹
	Tianshui	樹
	Xining	樹
	Xuzhou	樹
	Fuyang	樹
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	樹
	Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	樹
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	樹, 樹木
	Lanzhou	樹
	Dunhuang	樹
	Hami	樹
	Ürümqi	樹
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	樹子
	Nanchong	樹子, 樹
	Dazhou	樹木
	Hanyuan	樹子
	Xichang	樹
	Zigong	樹子
	Chongqing	樹子
	Wuhan	樹
	Yichang	樹
	Xiangyang	樹
	Tianmen	樹
	Guiyang	樹, 樹子
	Zunyi	樹子
	Bijie	樹, 樹子
	Liping	樹
	Zhaotong	樹
	Dali	樹
	Kunming	樹
	Mengzi	樹
	Guilin	樹
	Liuzhou	樹
	Jishou	樹
	Changde	樹
	Hanzhong	樹
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	樹
	Yangzhou	樹
	Lianyungang	樹
	Lianshui	樹
	Nantong	樹
	Anqing	樹
	Wuhu	樹
	Hefei	樹
	Hong'an	樹
Cantonese	Guangzhou	樹
	Hong Kong	樹
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	樹
	Macau	樹
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	樹
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	樹
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	樹
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	樹
	Foshan	樹
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	樹
	Foshan (Shunde)	樹
	Foshan (Sanshui)	樹
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	樹
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	樹
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	樹
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	樹
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	樹
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	樹
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	樹
	Taishan	樹
	Taishan (Guanghai)	樹
	Kaiping (Chikan)	樹
	Enping (Niujiang)	樹
	Heshan (Yayao)	樹
	Dongguan	樹
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	樹
	Yangjiang	樹
	Wuzhou	樹, 木 chopped
	Baise	樹, 樹木
	Qinzhou	樹, 木
	Qinzhou (Xiniujiao)	樹
	Beihai	樹
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	樹
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	樹
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	樹
	Singapore (Guangfu)	樹, 樹木
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	樹
	Móng Cái	樹
	Mandalay (Taishan)	樹
Gan	Nanchang	樹
	Lichuan	樹
	Pingxiang	樹
Hakka	Meixian	樹
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	樹
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	樹
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	樹
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	樹
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	樹
	Jiexi	樹
	Luhe	樹
	Yudu	樹
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	樹仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	樹仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	樹仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	樹
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	樹仔, 樹
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	樹
	Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui)	樹
	Sabah (Longchuan)	樹
	Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	樹
	Singkawang	樹
Huizhou	Jixi	樹
Huizhou	Shexian	樹
Jin	Taiyuan	樹
	Yangyuan	樹
	Datong	樹
	Xinzhou	樹
	Lüliang (Lishi)	樹兒
	Changzhi	樹
	Linhe	樹
	Jining	樹
	Hohhot	樹
	Erenhot	樹
	Pingshan	樹
	Zhangjiakou	樹, 樹木
	Handan	樹
	Linzhou	樹
	Suide	樹
Northern Min	Jian'ou	樹
Northern Min	Pucheng (Shibei)	樹
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	樹
Southern Min	Xiamen	樹, 樹叢
	Quanzhou	樹, 樹叢
	Yongchun	樹
	Zhangzhou	樹, 樹叢
	Zhao'an	樹仔, 樹
	Taipei	樹
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	樹
	Kaohsiung	樹仔
	Yilan	樹仔
	Changhua (Lukang)	樹
	Taichung	樹
	Tainan	樹仔
	Hsinchu	樹
	Kinmen	樹
	Penghu (Magong)	樹
	Penang (Hokkien)	叢, 樹, 樹叢
	Singapore (Hokkien)	樹仔, 樹, 樹叢
	Manila (Hokkien)	樹
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	樹
	Chaozhou	樹
	Singapore (Teochew)	樹
	Haikou	樹
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	樹
Northern Pinghua	Lingchuan (Shuangzhou)	樹
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	樹
Waxiang	Luxi (Lijiatian)	樹
Wu	Shanghai	樹
	Shanghai (Chongming)	樹
	Suzhou	樹
	Danyang	樹
	Ningbo	樹
	Wenzhou	樹
	Jinhua	樹
Xiang	Changsha	樹
	Loudi	樹
	Shuangfeng	樹
Xiangnan Tuhua	Jiangyong	樹每

(wood):

Dialectal synonyms of 木頭 (“wood; log; timber”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		木頭
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	木頭
	Taiwan	木頭
	Singapore	木頭
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	木頭
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	木頭
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	木頭
	Wuhan	木頭
	Guilin	木頭
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	木頭
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	木頭
Cantonese	Guangzhou	木
	Hong Kong	木
	Yangjiang	木頭
Gan	Nanchang	木頭
Hakka	Meixian	樹料, 木頭
Jin	Taiyuan	木頭
Northern Min	Jian'ou	柴
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	柴
Southern Min	Xiamen	柴
	Taipei (Wanhua)	柴
	Kaohsiung	柴
	Yilan	柴
	Changhua (Lukang)	柴
	Taichung	柴
	Taichung (Wuqi)	柴
	Tainan	柴
	Taitung	柴
	Hsinchu	柴
	Penghu (Magong)	柴
	Manila (Hokkien)	柴
	Chaozhou	柴
Wu	Suzhou	木頭
Wu	Wenzhou	木頭, 樹 log
Xiang	Changsha	木頭
Xiang	Shuangfeng	樹

(coffin):

Dialectal synonyms of 棺材 (“coffin”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		棺, 木, 棺木
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		棺材, 棺木, 壽材 †
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	棺材, 材
	Taiwan	棺材
	Harbin	棺材, 壽材 †
	Singapore	棺材
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	棺材, 壽材 †
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	棺材, 壽材 †
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	棺材, 坷漏
	Wanrong	壽木 †
	Xi'an	枋, 棺子, 棺材, 材, 壽材 †
	Xining	棺材, 棺木, 壽材 †
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	棺材, 壽板 †, 壽材 †
Lanyin Mandarin	Ürümqi	棺材, 壽材 †
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	棺材, 枋子, 壽枋 †, 壽木 †
	Wuhan	棺材, 壽木 †
	Guiyang	木頭, 大木, 材子, 老家 †, 大老家 †, 壽木 †
	Guilin	棺材
	Liuzhou	棺木, 棺材, 四塊半, 壽枋 †, 壽板 †, 長生板 †
	Dagudi (Maliba)	棺材
	Reshuitang (Longling)	棺材
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	棺材, 壽木 †
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	棺材
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	棺材, 四塊板, 壽材 †
	Yangzhou	棺材, 壽材 †
	Hefei	棺材
Cantonese	Guangzhou	棺材, 四塊半, 四塊板, 四方竇, 長生板
	Hong Kong	棺材, 四塊半, 長生板, 壽板
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	棺材, 壽板
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	棺材
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	棺材
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	棺材
	Macau	棺材, 壽板
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	棺材
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	棺材
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	棺材
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	棺材
	Foshan	棺材
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	棺材
	Foshan (Shunde)	棺材
	Foshan (Sanshui)	棺材
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	棺材
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	棺材
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	壽木
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	棺材
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	棺材
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	棺材
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	棺材
	Taishan	棺材
	Kaiping (Chikan)	木, 棺材
	Enping (Niujiang)	棺材
	Heshan (Yayao)	棺材
	Dongguan	棺材, 四塊半, 木訥, 壽材 †, 壽方 †
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	棺材
	Yangjiang	棺材
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	棺材, 四塊半, 壽板
	Singapore (Guangfu)	棺材
Gan	Nanchang	棺材, 壽材 †
	Lichuan	棺材, 壽木 †, 壽材 †
	Pingxiang	棺材, 長生, 料, 壽樹 †
Hakka	Meixian	棺材, 棺木, 長生板, 壽材
	Xingning	長生
	Dabu (Xihe)	棺材, 壽枋
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	棺材
	Huiyang	棺材, 長生
	Huidong (Daling)	長生, 大屋
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	棺材
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	棺材
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	棺材
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	棺材
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	棺材
	Wuhua (Changbu)	棺材
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	棺材
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	棺材
	Wengyuan	木頭
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	木頭
	Liannan	壽棺材
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	棺材
	Jiexi	長生大屋, 長生板
	Luhe	棺材
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	棺木
	Changting	壽木
	Wuping	木頭
	Wuping (Yanqian)	棺木, 福板
	Wuping (Pingyu)	長生木
	Liancheng	木頭
	Ninghua	壽木, 老屋, 壽具, 蓄樹
	Yudu	棺材, 壽床, 老屋, 壽木 †
	Ningdu	萬年床
	Ruijin	壽櫃
	Shicheng	壽木
	Shangyou (Shexi)	壽木
	Tonggu (Sandu)	壽材
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	壽木
	Dayu	壽木
	Hong Kong	棺材, 壽房
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	棺材
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	長生
	Xinyi (Sihe)	棺材
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	棺材
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	棺材
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	棺材
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	棺材
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	長生, 壽板
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	棺材
	Mengshan (Xihe)	壽
	Luchuan	壽木
	Sabah (Longchuan)	棺材
	Kuala Lumpur (Dabu)	棺材, 壽板, 棺木
	Senai (Huiyang)	棺材, 四塊半, 長生板
	Senai (Hepo)	棺材
	Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	棺樵, 大屋
	Singkawang	棺材
Huizhou	Jixi	棺材, 材, 壽材 †, 壽木 †
Jin	Taiyuan	棺材, 壽材 †, 壽木 †
Jin	Xinzhou	棺材, 壽器 †, 大頭 †
Northern Min	Jian'ou	棺木, 四塊板
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	棺材, 棺木, 壽板 †
Southern Min	Xiamen	棺柴, 棺, 壽板 †, 壽柴, 大厝 dated
	Quanzhou	棺柴, 棺, 壽柴
	Jinjiang	壽板, 老壽
	Zhangzhou	棺柴, 棺, 壽板 †, 壽柴
	Taipei	棺柴, 大壽 ‡, 壽板 ‡
	Taipei (Wanhua)	棺柴
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	棺柴, 大壽 ‡
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	棺柴, 壽板 ‡
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	棺柴
	Kaohsiung	棺柴, 壽 ‡, 壽板 ‡
	Yilan	棺柴, 大壽 ‡, 壽板 ‡
	Changhua (Lukang)	棺柴, 大壽 ‡, 壽 ‡
	Taichung	棺柴, 棺木 ‡
	Taichung (Wuqi)	棺柴
	Tainan	棺柴, 板仔, 大厝 ‡, 壽板 ‡, 大壽 ‡, 壽 ‡
	Taitung	棺柴
	Hsinchu	棺柴, 大壽 ‡
	Kinmen	棺柴, 壽板 ‡, 壽枋 ‡, 大厝 ‡, 棺木 ‡
	Penghu (Magong)	棺柴, 壽 ‡
	Singapore (Hokkien)	棺柴, 大厝
	Manila (Hokkien)	棺柴, 棺
	Chaozhou	棺柴
	Shantou	棺柴
	Shantou (Chenghai)	棺柴
	Jieyang	棺柴, 大厝
	Haifeng	棺柴
	Bangkok (Teochew)	棺柴, 大厝
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	大厝, 四個半
	Singapore (Teochew)	棺柴
	Haikou	棺材, 壽板 †
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	棺材
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	棺材, 四塊半, 四合板, 壽木 †, 壽板 †
Wu	Shanghai	棺材, 壽材 †, 壽器 †
	Shanghai (Chongming)	棺材, 材, 壽材 †
	Suzhou	棺材, 壽材 †, 壽器 †
	Danyang	棺材, 壽材 †
	Hangzhou	棺材, 壽材 †
	Ningbo	棺材, 壽材 †
	Wenzhou	棺材, 枋
	Jinhua	棺材, 材, 壽材 †, 壽屋 †
Xiang	Changsha	棺材, 料, 棺木, 壽枋 †
	Loudi	棺材, 料, 長生 †, 壽器 †
	Shuangfeng	木, 大料
Note	† - prepared before one's death; ‡ - elegant form

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (木):

→ Japanese: 木(もく) (moku); 木(ぼく) (boku)
→ Korean: 목(木) (mok)
→ Vietnamese: mộc (木)

Other:

→ Lü: ᦙᦴᧉ (muu²)

Japanese

Kanji

木

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Go-on: もく (moku, Jōyō)
Kan-on: ぼく (boku, Jōyō)
Kun: き (ki, 木, Jōyō)、こ (ko, 木, Jōyō ^†)
Nanori: ぐ (gu)、しげ (shige)、も (mo)、もと (moto)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
木
き Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
樹 (uncommon)

⟨ki₂⟩ → */kɨ/ → /ki/

From Old Japanese 木 (ki₂), from Proto-Japonic *kəi. Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *ke. For the vowel alternation, see Wiktionary:About Proto-Japonic § Standalone forms and combining forms.

First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) き [kíꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]^[1]
IPA^(key): [kʲi]

(Kyoto) きー [kìí] (Teiki – [0])^[1]

(Kyoto) きー [kíí] (Kōki – [0])^[1] “a clapper”

Noun

木(き) • (ki)

a tree or shrub
wood, timber, lumber
(graph theory, computer science) a tree (data structure)
(theater, sumo, etc.) a clapper used to signal the opening or closing of a match or play

Idioms

猿(さる)も木(き)から落(お)ちる (saru mo ki kara ochiru, “even monkeys fall from trees → nobody's perfect”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
木
こ Grade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨ko₂⟩ → */kə/ → /ko/

From Old Japanese 木 (ko₂).

Likely the original form of ki above. Obsolete in modern Japanese, never found in isolation; only found in compounds and certain idioms.^[3]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ko̞]

Noun

木(こ) • (ko)

Combining form of 木 (き, ki): tree; wood

Derived terms