Appendix:Proto-Idomoid reconstructions
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The following list of Proto-Idomoid reconstructions is from Armstrong (1983).[1]
Data sources
[edit]Data used by Armstrong (1983) for his Proto-Idomoid reconstructions:
| Abbreviation | Language name | Self-designation | LGA | State |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NEl | Northern Eloyi | ɛ̀lɔ́yì ḿbékyi | Nasarawa | Plateau |
| El | Eloyi | ɛ̀lɔ́yì ḿbéjí | Nasarawa | Plateau |
| Ig | Igede | ígede | Oju | Benue |
| Ak | Akweya, Akpa | àkwéyà; akpa | Otukpo | Benue |
| Et | Etulo | ètùlo | Katsina Ala | Benue |
| Ky | Kyana, Keana | kyánà | Lafia | Benue |
| IdN | Idoma Nokwu | ìdomà nokwu | Lafia | Benue |
| Ag | Agatu | àgàtú | Apa | Benue |
| Ot | Otukpo | òtùkpó | Otukpo | Benue |
| Agl | Agila | ágílà | Ado | Benue |
| YaOg | Yala (Ogoja) | yàlà | Ogoja | Cross River |
| YaIk | Yala (Ikom) | yàlà | Ikom | Cross River |
List
[edit]| No. | Gloss | Proto-Idomoid | notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | and; with | *mbùlà | between nouns |
| 2 | red monkey | *ɔ̀bàgwù | |
| 3 | come | *ba; *wa | |
| 4 | stomach; belly | *ùbù | |
| 5 | fog | *ébú | |
| 6 | dig | *bu | |
| 7 | goat | *ìmòbū, *ɛ̀wū | |
| 8 | pool | *-bú | |
| 9 | lose, get lost; drown | *bi | |
| 10 | arm, hand | *-bwɔ | |
| 11 | meat; animal | *ɛbwɛ | |
| 12 | (sun) shone | *cɛ̄ | |
| 13 | wing (irregular) | *-cwɔ | irregular |
| 14 | father | *ada | |
| 15 | night | *odu | |
| 16 | iron-tipped digging stick | *ɔ̀dù | |
| 17 | fan palm | *ódó | |
| 18 | work (n) | *èdúmà | |
| 19 | send | *dú | |
| 20 | to roast | *fá | |
| 21 | feather | *èfūrū | |
| 22 | fear (n) | *ufi | |
| 23 | sew | *gɔ | |
| 24 | hospitality | *ʊ̀gà | |
| 25 | ten | *ìgwó | 4+6 |
| 26 | drink | *gwá | |
| 27 | bathe | *gwā; *ŋwá ? | |
| 28 | path | *ɔgwu | |
| 29 | snake | *ɛ̀gwā | |
| 30 | stab | *gwū | |
| 31 | aardvark, ant-bear | *ùgbùlɛ̀wù | |
| 32 | resemble; imitate | *gbàlà | |
| 33 | watch for | *gbō | |
| 34 | market | *ihi | |
| 35 | one | *ɔ́hɛ̀ | irregular consonants |
| 36 | taboo, sacred | *ìhɔ̀ | |
| 37 | earth, land | *ajɛ | |
| 38 | egg | *èjì | |
| 39 | beans | *eje | |
| 40 | blood | *ìmàǹjī | |
| 41 | leopard | *ègyè | |
| 42 | know | *jé | |
| 43 | sand | *ɔ̀jɛ̀ | |
| 44 | divide | *kɔ̄ | |
| 45 | tortoise | *íkínábɔ̄ | |
| 46 | headpad | *ɛ̀kā | |
| 47 | monkey | *ɛ̀kā | |
| 48 | work | *ʊ́kʊ́rwɔ́ | |
| 49 | crocodile | *íkwù | |
| 50 | bridge | *àkwà | |
| 51 | defecate | *kwʊ | |
| 52 | skin, hide | *ɔ̀kpá | |
| 53 | moon | *òkwīyā | |
| 54 | box; bag | *àkpàtì, *ɛ̀kpà | |
| 55 | all | *kpɛ́ɛ́kpɛ̄- | |
| 56 | sheep | *ìlɔ̄, *álá | |
| 57 | fire | *īlā̘ | |
| 58 | lice | *èlā̘ | |
| 59 | own, have | *lɛ̀ | |
| 60 | matter; case; word | *ɛla | |
| 61 | breast (female); milk | *amɛ | |
| 62 | see | *má | |
| 63 | goat | *ìmòbū | |
| 64 | swallow | *mile | |
| 65 | finish | *mɪ̀ | |
| 66 | be extinguished | *mɪrɪ | |
| 67 | bear, beget | *mbà | |
| 68 | mould (pot) | *mbà | |
| 69 | mother | *ɪnɪ̄nā | |
| 70 | four | *īne, *ɛ̀nɛ̀ | |
| 71 | bird | *-nu, *-nʊ | |
| 72 | cow | *ɛna | |
| 73 | sun | *ɛnʊ | |
| 74 | kola | *-ŋmgbɛ́, *-gbɛ́ | |
| 75 | kill | *ŋmgbó | |
| 76 | hail! thanks! sorry! | *ŋ́mgbá | |
| 77 | goodbye! | *ŋ́mgbō | |
| 78 | nose | *eŋgwu | |
| 79 | bee | *iŋwa̘ | |
| 80 | woman, female | *òŋgyā/è- | |
| 81 | man, male | *òŋgyùlɔ̄ | |
| 82 | elephant | *iŋgyi | |
| 83 | water | *ìmànyì; *ma-yeni ? | |
| 84 | hair (of head) | *iɲi | |
| 85 | name | *ɛɲɪ | |
| 86 | one | *-ɲí | |
| 87 | six | *-rɛ̀ɲí | 5+1 |
| 88 | running | *ɛ̀ɲà | |
| 89 | lick | *ɲe | |
| 90 | be extinguished (of fire) | *ɲí | |
| 91 | person; man | *ɔŋɪ́ɲí | |
| 92 | two | *ɛ̀pà | |
| 93 | leaf | *ʊpʊ | |
| 94 | belly | *ìpú | |
| 95 | squeeze | *piri | |
| 96 | hear | *pwa | |
| 97 | ear | *ʊrʊ/a- | |
| 98 | oil palm | *ɔrɪ | |
| 99 | five | *ɛ̀rūɔ̄ | |
| 100 | six | *ɛ̀rīìɲī | 5+1 |
| 101 | eat | *ri | |
| 102 | feather | *ʊrʊrʊ, *ùrū; *èfūrū | |
| 103 | work | *ʊ́kʊ́rwɔ́ | |
| 104 | farm | *ɛrʊ | |
| 105 | message, errand | *ɛrʊ | |
| 106 | rope | *ori | |
| 107 | buy | *ra | |
| 108 | yam | *isu | |
| 109 | cut | *sɛ́, *cɪ | irregular consonants |
| 110 | soup, stew | *ɔsɔ | irregular consonants |
| 111 | person | *ɔ̄sɛ̀ | |
| 112 | back | *isi | |
| 113 | go | *so | |
| 114 | three | *ɛ̀tā | |
| 115 | thigh | *átákwū | |
| 116 | leg, foot | *ɛ̄ta | |
| 117 | swim | *tá | |
| 118 | bow | *ɔ̀tā, *ūda̘ | |
| 119 | shoot; throw | *tá, *dā | |
| 120 | steal | *wī, *yi | irregular |
| 121 | boil | *wú | |
| 122 | width, wide | *ɔwa | |
| 123 | flay, skin (vb) | *wa | |
| 124 | an antelope | *àwì | Maxwell's duiker |
| 125 | do, make, effect | *yá | irregular |
| 126 | eye | *eyi | |
| 127 | fire; burn | *-yi, *yi | |
| 128 | go; walk; travel | *yɛ̀ | |
| 129 | male (human) | *-rɔ |
References
[edit]- ^ Armstrong, Robert G. 1983. The Idomoid Languages of the Benue and Cross River Valleys. Journal of West African Languages 13: 91-147.