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Appendix:Proto-Mumuye reconstructions

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

The following list of Proto-Mumuye reconstructions is from Shimizu (1979). Zing Mumuye (the Mumuye dialect spoken in Zing town of Zing LGA, Taraba State, Nigeria) is also provided for comparison.

Both English and Hausa glosses are provided. Mumuye comparative data was elicited in Hausa.

List

[edit]
No. English gloss Hausa gloss Proto-Mumuye Zing Mumuye notes
1 arm hannu *na-V̀ náá
2 ash toka *pung, *pu-ng (-ti,-ku) pung
3 bark ɓawo *ko-ng knoti
4 belly ciki *ya-i/-o, *ya-ti (V-ri) yato, yoto
5 bird tsuntsu *ja-V + HT + -nung (-i ?) zhé nùǹg
6 blood jini *kpa-V̀; *zing, *zi-ng kpaà
7 bone ƙashi *ka (redup.), *kak-V kaka
8 breast mama *míǹ míńg
9 cloud gajimare *mi-V, *ɗapa zung yé lapa zung yé, nyààsi
10 dog kare *za-V, *zaa zaa
11 ear kunne *co-V, *coo shoo
12 earth ƙasa *típ-V̀ típì
13 egg ƙwai *angka nwangka
14 eye ido *nu-ng, *nung; *gí-ǹg nung
15 fat kitse *nu-ng, *nung nung
16 feather gashin tsuntsu *cèǹ-ti; *na-V̀ shèǹti
17 fire wuta *ya-V, *yaa yaa
18 fish kifi *ya-V + HT + zi(-)ng zhé zing
19 goat akwiya *jà-V̀, *jàà zhàà
20 hair (of head) gashi (na kai) *cèǹ-ti; *su-ng(-ti) shèǹti
21 head kai *yu-V, *yuu yuu
22 heart zuciya *sí-ǹg (redup.); *gu-ng; *ya-ti (-V-ri) gbooti
23 horn ƙaho *gé-V̀ zhee
24 knee gwiwa *gbù(-ng)-ti gùti
25 leaf ganye *ɓàl-V(-ng) ɓâa
26 leg ƙafa *dɔ-V, *dɔɔ doo
27 liver hanta *sí-ǹg ('heart'); *bùr-V; *ɓur-V síńgsìǹg
28 louse kwarkwata *rnè-V̀-ti, *rnèè-ti; *kpen; *gnumá-ǹg rnèèti
29 man namiji *ve + HT + rè véyè
30 market kasuwa *lumo (< Fula); *kàà-suwaa (< Hausa) lumò
31(a) meat nama *yɔp-V̀, *yɔ-pɔ̀ wɔpɔ̀
31(b) flesh naman *sne-V; *yɔp-V̀ ('meat') snee
32 moon wata *cél-V̀/-à(-ǹg) shélè
33 mountain babban dutse, duwatsu *kɔ̀p-V̀, *kɔ̀-pɔ̀ kɔ̀pɔ̀
34 mouth baki *nya-V(-ng), *nyaa nyaa
35 nail farce *sa(-V,-ng,-ri) saari
36 name suna *ríǹg, *rí-ǹg ríńg
37 neck wuya *tur-V, *tu-rV; *kɔr-V̀ tuu
38 night dare *zi-ng/-V zii
39 nose hanci *su-ng, *sung sung
40 path hanya *gbàl-V-ǹg; *do-ǹg; *nyo-ǹg dnòrong
41 person mutun *cɔ-ng + HT + ze-ng shɔng, shɔng zeng
42 rain ruwan sama *mi-V + HT + ɗapa meé lapa 'water' + 'sky'
43 root saiwa *dìǹg-ri, *dì-ǹg-ri ? nyíńgri
44 sand yashi *se-ng-li (ri,-ng) sneli
45 seed iri *ɗok-V̀; *zo-ng lɔkɔ̀
46 skin fata *koo koo
47 sleep (yi) barci *(roo) no + HT + ro-ng (roo) núrong
48 smoke hayaƙi *zìǹg-ri(-ng), *zì-ǹg-ri(-ng) zìǹgri
49 star tauraro *sèǹ seǹg
50 stone dutse *tar-i(,-a), *ta-ri, *tari tari
51 sun rana *ɗà-V̀, *ɗàà làà
52 tail wutsiya *dèǹ dèǹg
53 tongue harshe *ɗè-V/ng-ti, *ɗè-V/-ng + HT + tì, *ɗèN + HT + tì rèétè
54 tooth haƙori *tná-li/-ri tnári
55 tree itace *la-V, *laa laa
56 water ruwa *mi-V, *mii, *min ? mee
57 woman mace *so + HT + rè sóyè
58 yam doya *ɗoo + tî; *zhen + HT + tî lootí
59 bite ciza *yɔn ?; *yii; *kon yɔng
60 burn ƙone *caa ('eat'); *ɓáá shaa
61 come zo *e e
62 die mutu *vo vo
63 drink sha *ɓoo ɓoo
64 eat ci *caa shaa
65 full cika *yii (si) yii sé
66 give ba *a a
67 hear ji *tnàà tnàà
68 kill kashe *nyoo; *nun ('beat') nun vò
69 know sani *zì ('see') zò, zè
70 lie down kwanta *roo roo
71 say faɗa *càǹ; *kòò shàǹg, tɔ́ɔ́
72 see gani *zì
73 sit zauna *nwon ? nwon
74 stand up tashi *cii; *yuu yu
75 walk yi tafiya *daa; *ra; *kìǹ; *ya kìǹg
76 one ɗaya *gbét-ì; *gor-V́ goró
77 two biyu *zit-i, *zi-ti ? zit
78 three uku *tat-i tat
79 four huɗu *dnee-ti/rò(-ng), *dneet-i ? dneerò
80 five biyar *màáń-i mààń
81 ten goma *kop-i kop
82 twenty ishirin *bmàt-i bmàát
83 forty arba'in *la-V ('tree') + zit-i ('two'); *kpa-ǹg + zit-i ('two') laa zit
84 I ni *mì + HT + kò mí-kò
85 thou kai *mɔ̀ + HT + kò mɔ́-kò
86 he/she shi *wu + HT + kò wú-kò
87 we mu *rù + HT + kò wó-kò
88 you ku *nò + HT + kò nó-kò
89 they su *ri + HT + kò yí-kò
90 all duka *pítí; *wàli wàli kang, piti
91 big babba *bang; *bɔ̀rɔ̀ bɔ̀rɔ̀
92 black baƙi *vi-ri vii
93 cold mai sanyi *tnàà-ri; *zangzang; *vol-i; *bàà znazna
94 dry busasshe *waa-ti waa-ti
95 good mai kyau *tnòò (hum) líí, tnòò hung
96 hot mai zafi *nwaa ('be boiling'); *song ? nwaa, ɓalaɓa
97 long dogo *bíì; *ràǹg bɔ̀rɔ̀, tàǹgtàǹg
98 many da yawa *baam; *doolì; *vméé ni vméé ni ni 'infinitive marker'
99 new sabo *pol-i/-V-ng; *so-V, *soo polo
100 not ba ... ba *ɓa; *kpang ɓa NP ɓa, VP ɓa
101 red ja *rnaa; *nweng; *bme (redup.) rnaa
102 round kewayayye *len sí; *gin; *gu len sé, guu
103 small ƙarami *wú dɔ̀ɔ̀t; *tókolong; *petel (< Fula); *ja-V ('child') wɔ́ dɔ̀ɔ̀t
104 that wancan *wa-V̀; *ɓá-V̀ wàá
105 this wannan *mí-V̀; *ɓé-V̀ ḿ
106 what me *vi vi
107 white fari *pu-rV, *pur-V ? puru
108 who wa *wu wo
109 imperative marker *ta ta
110 infinitive marker *na, *ni ni

References

[edit]
  • Shimizu, Kiyoshi (1979). A Comparative Study of the Mumuye Dialects (Nigeria). Marburger Studien zur Afrika- und Asienkunde. A-14. Berlin: Verlag von Dietrich Reimer.
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