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User:Vampyricon/三

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Ξ, ≡, ミ, 叁, 彡, and 丰
三 U+4E09, 三
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E09
← 丈
[U+4E08] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 上 →
[U+4E0A]
Wikimedia Commons has images and media related to:
Vampyricon/三

Translingual

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Stroke order
3 strokes
Stroke order
File:Vampyricon/三-order.gif

Han character

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三 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 一一一 (MMM), four-corner 10101, composition ⿱一二 or ⿱𠄟一)

  1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №4

Derived characters

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Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 76, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12
  • Dae Jaweon: page 138, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 4, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4E09

Further reading

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ミ

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 三
alternative forms 叄／叁／參／参 financial
𠫰／𠬅／𠬄 less used
弎
𢦘
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 三
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
j00545
j00546
j00547
j00548
j00549
j00550
j00551
j00552
j00553
j00554
b00355
b00356
b00357
b00358
b00359
b00360
b00361
b00362
b00363
b00364
b00365
b00366
b00367
b00368
b00369
b00370
b00371
b00372
b00373
b00374
b00375
s00097
Transcribed ancient scripts
L12758
L12759
L12760
L12761
L12762
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (三) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
三 *suːm, *suːms
弎 *suːm

Ideogram (指事) - three parallel lines. Compare with 一, one line meaning “one”, 二, two lines meaning “two”, and 亖, four lines meaning “four”. Triplication of 一 (“one”).

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-sum.

Pronunciation 1

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Lua error in Module:yue-pron/Taishanese at line 45: Invalid Taishanese syllable: ts

Definitions

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三

  1. three
  2. (Mainland China, slang, neologism) the other woman; the other man
  3. (Mainland China, slang, neologism) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
  4. a surname
See also
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Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 106 108 1012
Normal
(小寫 / 小写) 		〇, 零, 空 一, 蜀 二, 兩 / 两 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬 / 万,
十千 (Malaysia, Singapore) 		百萬 / 百万,
桶(Philippines),
面桶 (Philippines) 		億 / 亿 兆 (Taiwan)
萬億 / 万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial
(大寫 / 大写) 		零 壹 貳 / 贰 參 / 叁 肆 伍 陸 / 陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟
Playing cards in Mandarin · 撲克牌／扑克牌 (pūkèpái) (layout · text)
尖兒 / 尖儿 (jiānr) 二 (èr) 三 (sān) 四 (sì) 五 (wǔ) 六 (liù) 七 (qī)
八 (bā) 九 (jiǔ) 十 (shí) 鉤兒 / 钩儿 (gōur) 圈兒 / 圈儿 (quānr), 皮蛋 (pídàn, regional) K 小王 (xiǎowáng, black), 大王 (red),
小鬼 (xiǎoguǐ, black), 大鬼 (dàguǐ, red)

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (Vampyricon/三):
  • → Japanese: Lua error in Module:ja-ruby at line 628: Can not match "Vampyricon/三" and "さん"
  • → Korean: 삼(Vampyricon/三)
  • → Vietnamese: tam (Vampyricon/三)

Others:

Pronunciation 2

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Rime
Character 三 三
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 心 (16) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 談 (143) 談 (143)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 蘇甘切 蘇暫切
Baxter sam samH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/sɑm/ /sɑmH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/sɑm/ /sɑmH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/sɑm/ /sɑmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/sam/ /samH/
Li
Rong 		/sɑm/ /sɑmH/
Wang
Li 		/sɑm/ /sɑmH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/sɑm/ /sɑmH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		sān sàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		saam1 saam3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 三 三
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		sān sān
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sam › ‹ samH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s.rum/ (*s.r- > s-; infl. by 四 *s-?) /*s.r[u]m-s/ (*s.r- > *s-, infl. by 四 *s-?)
English three three times

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 三 三
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 10963 10965
Phonetic
component 		三 三
Rime
group 		侵 侵
Rime
subdivision 		3 3
Corresponding
MC rime 		三 三
Old
Chinese 		/*suːm/ /*suːms/

Definitions

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三 (obsolete)

  1. repeatedly; thrice
    三思  ―  sānsī  ―  to think carefully

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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  1. three

Readings

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Compounds

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Alternative forms

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  • (Financial/formal form): 参

Etymology 1

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Japanese cardinal numbers
 <  2 3 4  > 
    Cardinal : 三
Kanji in this term
三
さん
Grade: 1
on'yomi

*/sam/ → /samu/ → /saɴ/

From Middle Chinese 三 (MC sam|samH). Compare modern Mandarin 三 (sān).

In Old Japanese, this kanji was used phonetically to transcribe さむ (samu).

Pronunciation

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Lua error in Module:ja-pron at line 88: Parameter "y" is not used by this template.

Numeral

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三(さん) • (san) 

  1. three, 3
    Synonym: スリー (surī)
  2. third
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
三
さん
Grade: 1
on'yomi

Borrowing from Chinese 三 (sān), with the pitch accent different from etymology 1. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

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Lua error in Module:ja-pron at line 88: Parameter "y" is not used by this template.

Numeral

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三(サン) • (san) 

  1. three
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
三
み
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨mi1⟩ → /mi/

From Old Japanese.

Likely an apophonic form of 六 (mu, “six”), compare 四 (yo, “four”) with 八 (ya, “eight”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

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Lua error in Module:ja-pron at line 88: Parameter "y" is not used by this template.

Numeral

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三(み) • (mi) 

  1. three
    一(ひ)、二(ふ)、三(み)、四(よ)、[…]
    hi, fu, mi, yo,[…]
    one, two, three, four, […]
Derived terms
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Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
三
みい
Grade: 1
irregular

/mi/ → /miː/

Shift from mi above.[1]

Pronunciation

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Lua error in Module:ja-pron at line 88: Parameter "y" is not used by this template.

Numeral

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三(みい) • (mī) 

  1. (colloquial) three
    一(ひい)、二(ふう)、三(みい)、四(よお)、五(いつ)、六(むう)、七(なあ)、八(やあ)、九(こお)、十(とお)
    hī, fū, mī, yō, itsu, mū, nā, yā, kō, tō
    one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten

Coordinate terms

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v • d • e
Japanese numbers
NumberKanjiKanaRomaji
0零れい、ゼロrei, zero
1一、壱、弌、壹いちichi
2二、弐、貳、貮にni
3三、参さんsan
4四、肆よん、しyon, shi
5五、伍ごgo
6六、陸ろくroku
7七、漆なな、しちnana, shichi
8八、捌はちhachi
9九、玖きゅう、くkyū, ku
10十、拾じゅうjū
100百、陌、佰ひゃくhyaku
1,000千、阡、仟せんsen
10,000一万、万、一萬、萬いちまん、まんichiman, man
100,000,000一億、億いちおく、おくichioku, oku

References

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  1. ^ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named DJR

3


Korean

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Etymology

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Korean numbers (edit)
30
 ←  2 3 4  → 
    Native isol.: 셋 (set)
    Native attr.: 세 (se), (dated) 석 (seok), (archaic) 서 (seo)
    Sino-Korean: 삼 (sam)
    Hanja: 三
    Ordinal: 셋째 (setjjae)

From Middle Chinese 三 (MC sam).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 삼 (Yale: sàm)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 석〯 (Yale: sěk) 삼 (Yale: sàm)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

三 (eumhun 셋 삼 (set sam))

  1. hanja form? of 삼 (“three”)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

3

Vietnamese

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Han character

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Vampyricon/三: Hán Việt readings: tam (蘇(tô)甘(cam)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4]
Vampyricon/三: Nôm readings: tam[1][2][3][4][5][6], ba[1], tám[5]

  1. chữ Hán form of tam (“three”).

Compounds

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See 三/derived terms § Vietnamese.

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bonet (1899).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Génibrel (1898).
  6. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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